Social defeat models in animal science: What we have learned from rodent models          下载免费PDF全文

Atsushi Toyoda 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(7):944-952

Studies on stress and its impacts on animals are very important in many fields of science, including animal science, because various stresses influence animal production and animal welfare. In particular, the social stresses within animal groups have profound impact on animals, with the potential to induce abnormal behaviors and health problems. In humans, social stress induces several health problems, including psychiatric disorders. In animal stress models, social defeat models are well characterized and used in various research fields, particularly in studies concerning mental disorders. Recently, we have focused on behavior, nutrition and metabolism in rodent models of social defeat to elucidate how social stresses affect animals. In this review, recent significant progress in studies related to animal social defeat models are described. In the field of animal science, these stress models may contribute to advances in the development of functional foods and in the management of animal welfare.  相似文献   

Importance of prumycin produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SD‐32 in biocontrol against cucumber powdery mildew disease          下载免费PDF全文

Keijitsu Tanaka  Mutsumi Fukuda  Yusuke Amaki  Takatoshi Sakaguchi  Koji Inai  Atsushi Ishihara  Hiromitsu Nakajima 《Pest management science》2017,73(12):2419-2428

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Relationship between spike morphology and habitat of four <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aegilops</Emphasis> species of section Sitopsis     

Atsushi Ohta  Kyoko Yamane  Taihachi Kawahara 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(5):889-899

This study examines the relationship between spike morphology and natural habitat for 84 accessions of four Aegilops species, belongs to section Sitopsis, Ae. bicornis, Ae. longissima, Ae. searsii, and Ae. sharonensis in genus Aegilops, section Sitopsis, wild relatives of Triticum aestivum L. These species are considered valuable genetic resources for future cultivation and breeding of domesticated wheat. The goals of the study were to: (1) document variation in spike morphology among these four species; (2) examine the relationship between spike morphology and native habitat; (3) document geographical distribution of distinct spike morphology; and (4) examine the relationship between spike morphology and heading time and value for these four species. The results reveal significant differences in spike morphology among species of section Sitopsis. The most noteworthy variation involved the absence/presence of lateral awn, such that species with lateral awn were restricted in coastal, though species without lateral awn were mainly distributed in inland. This suggests that local climate may be a determinant of variation in lateral awn, and that this trait may be subject to convergent evolution. Differences in heading time in sympatric area were also observed. The differences may enhance species divergence and could represent a lead speciation event. The results of this study will facilitate identification of populations or accessions of wild wheat with favorable traits and/or novel adaptive genes.  相似文献   

Correlations between mitochondrial respiration activity and residual feed intake after divergent genetic selection for high‐ and low‐ oxygen consumption in mice     

Hongyu Darhan  Atsushi Zoda  Motoi Kikusato  Masaaki Toyomizu  Kazuo Katoh  Sang‐gun Roh  Shinichiro Ogawa  Yoshinobu Uemoto  Masahiro Satoh  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(7):818-826

The aims of the present study were to identify the differences between two mouse lines (high (H)‐ and low (L)‐oxygen consumption) in terms of mitochondrial respiratory activity when GMP (glutamate, malate, and pyruvate) and succinic acid are used as substrates and to examine the relationship between mitochondrial respiration activity and feed efficiency in both lines. The average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and residual feed intake (RFI) were significantly higher in the H than the L line. The correlation between FCR and RFI was significant (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). RFI was effective as an indicator of feed efficiency. When succinic acid was used as a substrate, mitochondrial respiration states 2–4, ACR, and proton leak were significantly higher in the H than the L line. When GMP was used as a substrate, respiration states 3 and 4 in the H line were significantly higher than those in the L line, and there were significant positive correlations between FCR and RFI and mitochondrial respiration states 2–4. The results indicated that selection for high or low OC changed the basal metabolic rates estimated from liver mitochondrial respiration activity and feed efficiency.  相似文献