Protection of lambs against experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis by transfer of immune serum     

G E Jones  W Donachie  A D Sutherland  D P Knox  J S Gilmour 《Veterinary microbiology》1989,20(1):59-71

Passive protection of specific pathogen-free lambs against experimental pasteurellosis was achieved using antisera from conventionally reared sheep which were either convalescent from experimental pneumonia or inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica A2 vaccines. The complete immune sera, or immunoglobulin-rich fractions prepared from them, when administered separately or together provided 94-100% protection of recipients compared to control lambs. Antibodies to P. haemolytica in donor sera were quantified by anti-sodium salicylate extract (SSE) and anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ELISA, bactericidal assay, cytotoxin neutralization and indirect haemagglutination. The anti-SSE ELISA titres correlated best with protective efficacy and could be used to measure antibody in recipient lambs immediately before challenge. The degree of protection was unaffected by prior infection with parainfluenza virus Type 3, suggesting that such exposure did not enhance exudation of circulating immunoglobulin into the respiratory tract. It was concluded that systemic humoral immunity alone can prevent pasteurellosis.  相似文献   

Clinical pathology - the problem oriented approach to laboratory support in clinical veterinary medicine     

Sutherland RJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1985,33(10):161-165

An adequate diagnosis allows the development of specific treatment and preventive strategies for problems encountered in clinical practice. Such a diagnosis must sustain reasonable scientific challenge and needs to be founded on objective clinical and/or laboratory findings. The problem-oriented system optimises the chance of achieving this while making it possible to improve performance through self-assessment and through the development of a standard, rational, and comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of clinical problems. This system enhances the scientific aspects of veterinary diagnosis and is an effective means of incorporating laboratory support into clinical veterinary medicine.  相似文献   

Prevention of Toxoplasma gondii abortion in goats by vaccination with oocysts of Hammondia hammondi     

BL MUNDAY  JP DUBEY† 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(5):150-153

Nineteen does (female goats) were dosed with 500,000 oocytes of Hammondia hammondi prior to breeding. At about 90 days of gestation these, and 18 uninoculated does were challenged with 25,000 Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. The 19 H. hammondi--inoculated does produced 26 live and one dead kid (newborn goat). The 18 does not given H. hammondi produced 12 live and 19 dead kids. However, examination of all of the kids by isolation of T. gondii in mice, serology and histology revealed that they were all infected with T. gondii. Thus, while H. hammondi "vaccination" is protective against the deleterious effects of T. gondii on pregnant does, perhaps by reducing the severity of placental lesions, it does not prevent foetal infection.  相似文献   

White liver disease in goats     

Black H  Hutton JB  Sutherland RJ  James MP 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1988,36(1):15-17

Three field cases of ill-thrift, hepatic lipodystrophy and low tissue levels of vitamin B12 in young angora cross goats are reported. The cases meet the criteria for the diagnosis of white liver disease (WLD) described for sheep. The hypothesis that WLD is a metabolic consequence of cobalt/vit B12 deficiency in sheep and goats on a diet rich in propionate is developed, together with possible reasons for its occurrence in these species but not in cattle or red deer.  相似文献   

The basis of host recognition in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici     

M. Louise Sutherland  G. F. Pegg 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》1992,40(6)

Filtrates from shake-cultures of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 1, concentrated to 20% of the original volume, caused cell death in tomato leaf protoplasts from near-isogenic lines corresponding to the compatible cultivar/race reactions of whole plants. Maximum activity was found in late log phase cultures on Czapek-Dox supplemented with 2% casamino acids. Selective toxicity was associated only with the protein fraction of the culture filtrate. LD₅₀ values for susceptible Ace and Moneycross to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 1 culture filtrates were 1·92 and 0·36 μg protein ml⁻¹. Corresponding values for cvs Royal Ace and MM161, each containing the I-gene conferring resistance to race 1, were >350. Culture filtrates from F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2 gave LD₅₀ values of 2·34 and 2·08 μg protein ml⁻¹ on cvs Ace and Royal Ace, both susceptible to race 2. The LD⁵⁰ of cv. Ace to a non-pathogenic isolate of F. xysporum f. sp. lycopersici was > 350. Culture filtrates from non-host formae of F. oxysporum were 9–149-fold less toxic on cv. Ace. Protoplasts from Pisum sativum, Lactuca sativa, Zea mays, Gossypium barbadense and Solanum melongena, all non-hosts of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, were 6–175 times less sensitive to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici filtrates than susceptible tomato. The putative toxins lycomarasmin and fusaric acid showed no differential toxicity to I⁺ and I⁻ tomato protoplasts. The results are discussed in the wider context of host-pathogen interaction in which specificity is considered as the recognition of susceptibility by a proteinaceous toxic metabolite of the pathogen. This hypothesis is further extended to include the specificity of F. oxysporum formae and races.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in mainland and sub-Antarctic New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) populations     

SA Michael  L Howe  BL Chilvers  PCH Morel  WD Roe 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(5):293-297

AIMS: To investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri), as a potential contributor to reproductive failure.

METHODS: Archived sera were sourced from New Zealand sea lions from two recolonising mainland populations in the Otago Peninsula (n=15) and Stewart Island (n=12), as well as a declining population at Enderby Island (n=28) in the New Zealand sub-Antarctic. Sera were tested for antibodies to T. gondii using a commercially available ELISA (with samples considered positive if the sample to positive ratio was?>30%), and latex agglutination test (LAT; with titres ≥1:32 considered positive). Western blot analysis was used to validate the results of a subset of 14 samples.

RESULTS: Five samples from sea lions in mainland locations were confirmed positive for antibodies to T. gondii. Two adult females exhibited high LAT antibody titres (min 1:2048, max 1:4096) on both occasions when sampled 1 and 2 years apart, respectively. No animals from Enderby Island were seropositive.

CONCLUSIONS: Toxoplasma gondii infection is unlikely to be a major contributor to poor reproductive success in New Zealand sea lions. However, continued surveillance is pertinent to assess subclinical and clinical impacts of the parasite on these threatened populations. The commercial tests evaluated here, with further species-specific threshold refinement could provide a fast, inexpensive and reliable indicator of T. gondii exposure in New Zealand sea lions.  相似文献   

Feeding of Xiphinema bakeri     

J R Sutherland 《Phytopathology》1969,59(12):1963-1965

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A comparative study of diagnostic tests for the assessment of herd magnesium status in cattle     

Sutherland RJ  Bell KC  McSporran KD  Carthew GW 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1986,34(8):133-135

In nine of ten pre-calving dairy herds we found that herd magnesium (Mg) status could be determined with 95% confidence by measurements of serum Mg (S-Mg), urinary Mg fractional clearance ratio (FCR) or creatinine corrected urinary Mg concentration (CUM) from 10 representative cows. Our findings support clinical impressions that FCR and CUM are more sensitive than S-Mg as predictors of a positive production response to Mg supplementation of dairy cows. The available clinical data is not adequately controlled and there is a need for controlled production-response trials to refine interpretation and to confirm the predictive value of these tests. Pending such trials we suggest that mean FCR >10% or CUM >1.0 mmol/l indicate that a positive response is likely. In seven lactating herds the act of milking was not associated with depression of S-Mg and we conclude that sampling cows immediately after milking Gould not result in spurious elevations of FCR. FCR and CUM show close correlation with each other but not with S-Mg.  相似文献   

Changes in plasma bile acids,plasma amino acids,and hepatic enzyme pools as indices of functional impairment in liver-damaged sheep     

Sutherland RJ  Deol HS  Hood PJ 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1992,21(2):51-56

Plasma bile acids, plasma amino acids, and the total hepatic pools of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase were compared in control sheep (Group 1), sheep with subclinical pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis (Group 2), and in sheep with acute hepatocellular necrosis associated with the hemolytic phase of chronic copper poisoning (Group 3). Subclinical pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis was not associated with any changes in bile acid or amino acid status but was associated with a significant decline in the hepatic pools of sorbitol dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. This observation could not be explained in terms of enzyme leakage from damaged hepatocytes and suggested that pyrrolizidine alkaloids might specifically inhibit hepatocellular enzyme synthesis. Group 3 sheep also had reduced hepatic enzyme pools which were at least partly referable to enzyme leakage from damaged hepatocytes. In these sheep, increases in plasma bile acids were a more sensitive index of hepatic function than were either increased aromatic amino acid concentration or the ratio between branched chain and aromatic amino acids.  相似文献   

Factors associated with survival,laminitis and insulin dysregulation in horses diagnosed with equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction     

R. Horn  N. J. Bamford  T. Afonso  M. Sutherland  J. Buckerfield  R. H. H. Tan  C. J. Secombe  A. J. Stewart  F. R. Bertin 《Equine veterinary journal》2019,51(4):440-445

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