Comparison of a computed tomographic pulmonary trunk to aorta diameter ratio with echocardiographic indices of pulmonary hypertension in dogs          下载免费PDF全文

James Sutherland‐Smith  Elyshia J. Hankin  Suzanne M. Cunningham  Amy F. Sato  Bruce A. Barton 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(1):18-26

There are limited criteria for the detection of pulmonary hypertension in dogs undergoing computed tomography (CT) for pulmonary disease. This retrospective analytical exploratory study compared a CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio with echocardiographic estimates of pulmonary hypertension. Dogs having both a contrast thoracic CT and echocardiogram were selected and maximal pulmonary trunk and descending aorta diameters were measured by two observers on a single transverse CT image. Computed tomographic diameter ratios were compared with the echocardiographic parameters of tricuspid regurgitation gradient, right ventricular acceleration time‐to‐ejection time ratio, pulmonary insufficiency gradient, and pulmonary artery to aorta diameter. A total of 78 dogs were sampled, with 44 dogs having one or more finding suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. A moderate positive correlation was shown between tricuspid regurgitation gradient and CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio (r = 0.61, P‐value < 0.0001). Mean CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio of dogs with moderate (P = 0.0132) and severe (P < 0.0003) pulmonary hypertension were significantly higher than normal dogs. There was no significant difference in mean CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio between normal and mild pulmonary hypertension dogs (P = 0.4244). The intraclass correlation coefficient (0.72) showed good reproducibility of the ratio. Findings indicated that CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio is a reproducible and potentially useful method to predict moderate and severe pulmonary hypertension in dogs, but not mild pulmonary hypertension. In dogs undergoing thoracic CT for pulmonary disease, an increased ratio should prompt follow up echocardiography.  相似文献   

Genetic structure of a Pyrenophora teres f. teres population over time in an Australian barley field as revealed by Diversity Arrays Technology markers     

B. Poudel  N. Vaghefi  M. S. McLean  G. J. Platz  M. W. Sutherland  A. Martin 《Plant pathology》2019,68(7):1331-1336

Net form of net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) is a major foliar disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare) worldwide. Knowledge of the evolution of Ptt pathogen populations is important for development of durable host-plant resistance. This study was conducted to investigate changes in genetic structure of a Ptt population within a barley field during three cropping years. The susceptible barley cultivar Henley was inoculated with Ptt isolate NB050. Leaf samples were collected during the years 2013–15 and 174 single spore Ptt isolates stored. Genotyping using Diversity Arrays Technology markers identified that 25% of isolates were clones of the inoculated isolate and 75% of isolates were multilocus genotypes (MLGs) differing from the original inoculated genotype. The novel genotypes probably originated from a combination of windborne spores from neighbouring fields, infected seed and sexual recombination in the field. The rapid change in the genotypic composition of the Ptt population in this study suggests adaptive potential of novel genotypes and demonstrates the need for barley breeders to use multiple sources of host-plant resistance to safeguard against resistance being overcome.  相似文献   

Prediction of periparturient disease in dairy cows     

R.J. Sutherland  H. Black  F.R.M. Cockrem 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(12)

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Practical methods for estimating the infection rate of Quercus robur acorn seedlots by Ciboria batschiana     

T. Schröder  R. Kehr  Z. Procházková  J. R. Sutherland 《Forest Pathology》2004,34(3):187-196

The pathogenic fungus, Ciboria batschiana infects acorns prior to fall collection and if they are not freed of the fungus by thermotherapy seedlots can suffer serious losses during subsequent storage. However, since thermotherapy is time‐consuming and expensive, and sometimes has undesirable side‐effects, its use is not justified without knowing if and how intensively a seedlot is infected. It is demonstrated here that typical lesions on the surface of the cotyledons are a reliable indicator of infection by C. batschiana and that a method based on mycelium development on incubated cotyledons allows C. batschiana infection levels to be determined within 1–2 weeks. There were no significant differences in estimated C. batschiana infection levels between the visual assessment of the lesions before the incubation and the visual assessment of outgrowing mycelium from these lesions after the incubation. Using one or both of the described methods a decision can be made on the necessity for thermotherapy of acorn seedlots, i.e. before nursery sowing or long‐term, cold storage. The test based on mycelium development on incubated cotyledons can also be used for quality control following thermotherapy.  相似文献   

The evaporation of water from wood at high temperatures     

A. J. Hunter  J. W. Sutherland 《Wood Science and Technology》1997,31(2):73-76

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Resistance to prophylactic treatment with macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics in Teladorsagia circumcincta     

Sutherland IA  Brown AE  Leathwick DM  Bisset SA 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,115(4):301-309

Sixty-four Romney ewe lambs were allocated to 12 groups on the basis of liveweight. Four groups (n=5) were administered oral ivermectin (IVM), 4 (n=6) oral moxidectin (MOX) and the remaining 4 (n=5) controlled-release capsules containing IVM (IVM-CRCs). Nine and 10 days later, the groups within each treatment type were challenged with infective-stage larvae (L3) of 1 of 4 different isolates of Teladorsagia circumcincta (two doses each of 5000 L3). The first of these (S) was known to be anthelmintic-susceptible; the second (OR) was a multiple anthelmintic-resistant strain recovered from the field following therapeutic failure of both ivermectin and moxidectin and subsequently maintained in the laboratory without further anthelmintic selection; the third (R) was derived from OR but had been passaged for five generations indoors with each generation being screened with all three broad-spectrum anthelmintic classes; and the fourth (RxS) was an F1 cross between the R and S isolates. As anticipated, because of its limited residual activity, IVM had no significant effect on the establishment, 9 and 10 days post-treatment, of any of the parasite isolates. In contrast MOX, which has greater residual activity, was highly effective at preventing the establishment of the S isolate but showed no significant effect against the OR, R or RxS isolates. The IVM-CRC was also highly effective at preventing the establishment of the S isolate and furthermore it significantly reduced establishment of both the OR and RxS isolates, although it had no significant effect against the R isolate. The results suggest that with respect to the establishment of T. circumcincta L3s following anthelmintic treatment, macrocyclic lactone (ML) resistance is effectively a dominant trait in the presence of MOX, while it behaves as a partially dominant/recessive trait under treatment with IVM-CRCs. The potential implications of this finding in relation to selection for ML resistance in T. circumcincta are discussed.  相似文献   

Granulomatous lymphadenitis and splenitis associated with Monocillium indicum infection in a dog.     

John T Mackie  Arvind A Padhye  Reginald J Sutherland  Warwick A Lamb  Stephen Davis 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(3):248-250

This report describes severe generalized granulomatous lymphadenitis and splenitis in a 5-year-old, spayed female, Rottweiler dog with anorexia and diarrhea. There was replacement or effacement of much of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes and spleen by sheets of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and myriad nonpigmented fungal organisms, most of which appeared to be intracellular. These organisms were very pleomorphic, including large chlamydospore-like cells, small round yeast-like cells, and septate hyphae. A fungus identified as Monocillium indicum was isolated from lymph node tissue. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of infection with Monocillium in either humans or other animals.  相似文献   

Production and immunological responses associated with controlled-release-capsule vs 5-drench preventive anthelmintic programmes for parasite control in lambs     

Leathwick DM  Miller CM  Atkinson DS  Brown AE  Green RS  Sutherland IA 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2002,50(2):70-76

AIMS: To determine whether: a) using a controlled-release anthelmintic capsule (CRC) instead of a programme of 5 oral drenches administered at 3-4 week intervals, would delay the development of anti-parasite immunity in lambs; b) the use of ivermectin instead of albendazole, administered either as a CRC or as a programme of 5 oral drenches, would delay the development of anti-parasite immunity in lambs; c) lambs treated with CRCs would have higher liveweight gains than lambs drenched orally 5 times at 3-4 week intervals, and; d) delayed onset of anti-parasite immunity is associated with reduced liveweight gains in the period following anthelmintic treatment. METHODS: Three field trials were conducted, 1 on a research farm and 2 on commercial sheep farms, in which groups of 30 lambs were treated with either a CRC containing albendazole, a CRC containing ivermectin, 5 oral drenches with albendazole, or 5 oral drenches with ivermectin, administered at 3-4 week intervals. Liveweights and faecal nematode egg counts (FECs) were recorded in all trials. Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibody levels to Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis adult and larval antigens were measured in Trials 1 and 3, and fleece weights and resistance of animals to nematode challenge infection were measured in Trial 1. RESULTS: CRC-treated lambs had higher levels of antibodies to O. circumcincta infective-stage larvae (L3) than orally drenched lambs in Trial 3, but no other immunological differences due to mechanism of delivery were detected. Antibody levels were lower in lambs treated with ivermectin than albendazole, as a CRC or oral drench in Trial 1, but this was not associated with any measurable effects on FEC or productivity. No significant differences (p>0.05) were detected between drench types (albendazole vs ivermectin) or delivery mechanisms (CRC vs oral drenching) in any of the production parameters measured, in any of the trials. Albendazole-CRCs failed to control FECs in all 3 trials. CONCLUSIONS: Although some differences between treatments in antibody levels were detected these were not associated with measurable differences in level of parasitism or productivity of lambs. CRC use did not appear to offer substantial gains in productivity over a structured programme of 5 oral drenches administered at 3-4 week intervals.  相似文献   

Assessment of an intradermal test for the detection of bovine brucellosis     

S. S. Sutherland 《Veterinary research communications》1983,6(1):297-304

Forty-eight cattle were sensitised toBrucella antigens either by vaccination withBrucella abortus strain 19 (S19) orB. abortus 45/20 (S45/20) and 24 of these and 12 unvaccinated cattle were subsequently challenged with virulentB. abortus strain 544 (S544). All these cattle (n=60), together with 12 control cattle which were neither vaccinated nor challenged, were subsequently subjected to an intradermal test using a S45/20 protein antigen. Reactions were interpreted subjectively by observation and palpation and were measured to the nearest mm with calipers at 48 and 72 hours after injection of protein antigen. Ten weeks later the cattle were slaughtered and tissues cultured for the presence ofB. abortus. Two of the 48 vaccinated cattle died, 40 of the remaining 46 gave a positive response to the intradermal test at 48 hours and 36 were positive at 72 hours. In the controls any increase in the skin thickness had disappeared by 72 hours. An increase in skin thickness was still present at 72 hours in all other cattle except those vaccinated with S19 only. The intradermal test was found to be sensitive but not specific in detecting infected cattle and both sensitive and highly specific if used (with the exception of S19) to detect exposure toBrucella antigen.  相似文献   

ISOLATION OF BACTERIUM FRIEDLÄNDERI FROM A CASE OF SEPTICEMIA IN A SUCKING PIG     

A. K. Sutherland  B.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1942,18(6):241-243

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