N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O emission from conventional and minimum-tilled soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Daan Beheydt  Pascal Boeckx  Hasan Pervej Ahmed  Oswald Van Cleemput 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(6):863-873

In this study, we investigated N₂O emissions from two fields under minimum tillage, cropped with maize (MT maize) and summer oats (MT oats), and a conventionally tilled field cropped with maize (CT maize). Nitrous oxide losses from the MT maize and MT oats fields (5.27 and 3.64 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹, respectively) were significantly higher than those from the CT maize field (0.27 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹) over a period of 1 year. The lower moisture content in CT maize (43% water-filled pore space [WFPS] compared to 60–65%) probably caused the difference in total N₂O emissions. Denitrification was found to be the major source of N₂O loss. Emission factors calculated from the MT field data were high (0.04) compared to the CT field (0.001). All data were simulated with the denitrification decomposition model (DNDC). For the CT field, N₂O and N₂O + N₂ emissions were largely overestimated. For the MT fields, there was a better agreement with the total N₂O and N₂O + N₂ emissions, although the N₂O emissions from the MT maize field were underestimated. The simulated N₂O emissions were particularly influenced by fertilization, but several other measured N₂O emission peaks associated with other management practices at higher WFPS were not captured by the model. Several mismatches between simulated and measured \textNH₄⁺ {\text{NH}}_4^ + , \textNO₃^- {\text{NO}}_3^ - and WFPS for all fields were observed. These mismatches together with the insensitivity of the DNDC model for increased N₂O emissions at the management practices different from fertilizer application explain the limited similarity between the simulated and measured N₂O emissions pattern from the MT fields.  相似文献   

基于TM图像的塔里木盆地北缘盐渍地亮度值分析——以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吐尔逊·艾山 《土壤》2008,40(4):667-671

渭干河一库车河三角洲绿洲地处世界第二大沙漠塔克拉玛干沙漠的北缘.随着经济的快速发展,土地资源开发强度开始加大,土壤盐渍化成为渭干河一库车河三角洲可持续发展面临的主要环境问题之一.因此,准确提取土壤盐渍化信息对研究区土壤盐渍化监测和研究盐渍化动态变化具有重要意义.本文以TM卫星图像数据及野外实测的数据为数据源,选择研究区具有代表性的植被、水体、重度盐渍地、中轻度盐渍地、岩石和早地等主要地物,利用PCI软件分析了这些主要地物在TM影像不同波段上的亮度值变化规律.其中,研究区内不同程度盐渍地的信息提取是本研究的重点.本文结合研究区本底资料,在对遥感数据光谱知识充分分析,挖掘谱间结构的基础上,揭示了研宄区内不同程度盐渍地在TM影像中的亮度值变化特征及分离规则.实验表明,盐渍地总提取精度达到88.6%.其中,重度及中轻度盐浈地面积的提取精度分别达到90.8%和86.7%.本研究表明,通过利用此方法,可将盐浈地信息较为精确地提取出来.  相似文献   

Variations in nutrient concentration and phytoplankton composition at the euphotic and aphotic layers in the Iranian coastal waters of the Southern Caspian Sea     

Saravi HN  Din ZB  Makhlough A 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(9):1179-1193

Temporal variations and regional distributions of dissolved nutrients and their elemental ratios in the Iranian coastal waters of the Southern Caspian Sea were investigated. The data were collected in 1996-97 (Phase I, as a background data and undisturbed ecosystem) and in 2005 (Phase II, as a disturbed ecosystem) at sampling points (from 10 to 100 m depths). In addition to the two main sampling exercises, additional sample collections were carried out during the period of 1994 to 2004 as a long-term study. This study showed that the dissolved inorganic nitrogen/dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIN/DIP) ratios in the southern Caspian Sea vary within a very narrow range (4.47 to 5.78) within the euphotic and aphotic layers and is by one order of magnitude lower than what have been reported for several other marine ecosystems. Phytoplankton growth seems to be nitrogen limited while the levels of P and Si always remain high. Factor Analysis/Principal Component Analysis (FA/PCA) of the correlation matrix showed that the nitrogen compounds are associated with the main factor accounting for 25.7-26.2% of the total variance for both the sampling periods. During Phase I, the Chrysophyta were the major group, whereas during Phase II the proportion of Chrysophyta in the total community progressively decreased, while the other groups increased.  相似文献   

Antibacterial activity of Parmelia kamstchandalis     

M. A. Mazid  C. M. Hasan  M. A. Rashid   《Fitoterapia》1999,70(6):101

The ethanol extract of P. kamstchandalis as well as ethyl haematommate, ethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate and methyl-β-orsellinate isolated from it exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial activity.  相似文献   

The economics of sutchi catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) aquaculture under three different farming systems in rural Bangladesh     

Nesar Ahmed  Md Ferdous Alam  Mohammad R Hasan 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(11):1668-1682

This paper examines production costs and returns of sutchi catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) aquaculture under three different farming systems in Bangladesh. Based on the production technology, sutchi catfish farming is classified as extensive, semi‐intensive and intensive. Results showed that sutchi catfish farming is profitable irrespective of the level of intensification and in all three instances the cost of feed dominated the variable costs of production. The average annual production costs were estimated at US$5217 ha^?1 in intensive farming, while US$2694 ha^?1 in semi‐intensive and US$981 ha^?1 in extensive farming. Despite the higher production costs per hectare, the average annual net return was higher in intensive farming (US$3364), compared with semi‐intensive (US$2048) and extensive (US$1099) farming. The average annual production per hectare under intensive farming conditions (13 945 kg) was higher than semi‐intensive (7705 kg) and extensive (3380 kg) farming mainly due to higher levels of inputs, including seed, feed, fertilizer and labour. However, the Cobb–Douglas production function model suggests that inputs are inefficiently used in the intensive farming system. Conversely, there is enough scope to increase the production and income from the semi‐intensive and extensive farming systems by using more inputs.  相似文献   

Ecosystem effects of invertebrate fisheries          下载免费PDF全文

Tyler D Eddy  Heike K Lotze  Elizabeth A Fulton  Marta Coll  Cameron H Ainsworth  Júlio Neves de Araújo  Catherine M Bulman  Alida Bundy  Villy Christensen  John C Field  Neil A Gribble  Mejs Hasan  Steve Mackinson  Howard Townsend 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(1):40-53

Since the 1950s, invertebrate fisheries catches have rapidly expanded globally to more than 10 million tonnes annually, with twice as many target species, and are now significant contributors to global seafood provision, export, trade and local livelihoods. Invertebrates play important and diverse functional roles in marine ecosystems, yet the ecosystem effects of their exploitation are poorly understood. Using 12 ecosystem models distributed worldwide, we analysed the trade‐offs of various invertebrate fisheries and their ecosystem effects as well as ecological indicators. Although less recognized for their contributions to marine food webs, our results show that the magnitude of trophic impacts of invertebrates on other species of commercial and conservation interest is comparable with those of forage fish. Generally, cephalopods showed the strongest ecosystem effects and were characterized by a strong top‐down predatory role. Lobster, and to a lesser extent, crabs, shrimp and prawns, also showed strong ecosystem effects, but at lower trophic levels. Benthic invertebrates, including epifauna and infauna, also showed considerable ecosystem effects, but with strong bottom‐up characteristics. In contrast, urchins, bivalves, and gastropods showed generally lower ecosystem effects in our simulations. Invertebrates also strongly contributed to benthic–pelagic coupling, with exploitation of benthic invertebrates impacting pelagic fishes and vice versa. Finally, on average, invertebrates produced maximum sustainable yield at lower levels of depletion (~45%) than forage fish (~65%), highlighting the need for management targets that avoid negative consequences for target species and marine ecosystems as a whole.  相似文献   

Managing threats and restoring wetlands within catchments of the Great Barrier Reef,Australia     

Maria Fernanda Adame  Angela H. Arthington  Nathan Waltham  Syezlin Hasan  Amelia Selles  Mike Ronan 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(5):829-839

Forecasting monthly catfish (Ictalurus punctatus.) pond bank and feed prices     

Mohammad R. Hasan  Carole R. Engle 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2019,23(1):86-110

Volatility in catfish pond bank and feed prices lead to profit uncertainty in the catfish industry. Analysis of the factors that affect those prices and development of a forecasting model would provide guidance to catfish farm managers. Error-correction models (ECM) based on cointegrating relationships among variables were specified following development of a single-equation ARIMAX model. Factors identified as those that influence catfish price were: lagged value of catfish, feed and substitute product prices, while those that influenced feed price were: lagged value of feed, corn and soybean prices. ECM estimates implied that fish price adjusts approximately 6% and feed price 22% to the long-run equilibrium in 1?month. The analysis showed that it takes less than 17?months and 5?months to correct for long-run disequilibrium for catfish and feed prices, respectively. The ARIMAX model demonstrated a better fit for both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting for catfish price and had better out-of-sample predictive ability for feed prices.  相似文献   

The interactive effects of paternal size and offspring feeding strategy on offspring fitness of an Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)     

Md. Moshiur Rahman  Asif Siddique  Md. Ashikur Rahman  Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman  Md. Asaduzzaman  Momotaz Khanom  Mst. Muslima Khatun  Md. Mehedi Hasan 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(6):2421-2431

Parental condition‐dependent offspring fitness is a well‐discussed issue in animal breeding research, while offspring environment and its interaction with parental condition are currently another very interesting topic to investigate the plasticity of phenotypic traits across an environmental gradient. The present study was, therefore, conducted following a half‐sib breeding design to test the effects of (a) paternal body size, (b) offspring feeding strategy (everyday and every other day) and (c) their interactions on fitness‐related traits (e.g., survival, total length and body area) of offspring of a commercially important aquaculture species, the Indian major carp (Labeo rohita). The analysis revealed that paternal body size had significant effects on offspring survival rate and total length, while no significant influence was found in body area. The study also showed that the offspring feeding strategy significantly affected all offspring traits. Interestingly, the study unveiled the significant interactive effects of paternal condition and offspring feeding for offspring survival rate and total length. These findings suggest that paternal size, offspring rearing environment and their interactions can influence offspring fitness‐related traits which are very essential information for the sustainable production of good quality larvae under variable dietary conditions.  相似文献   

Effects of light and artificial fish shelter (PVC pipe) on some phenotypic traits of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch, 1794)     

Md. Moshiur Rahman  Nazmir Nur  Md. Mahmud‐Al‐Hasan  Sk. Asaduzzaman  Muhammad Abdur Rouf  Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):124-134

Light and shelter are very important ecological factors that can affect many traits of fish. Therefore, a study was conducted to explore the effect of light and shelter on some phenotypic traits of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch, 1794). During experiment, equal‐sized juveniles (mean ± SE: 9.04 ± 0.09 cm) were collected and reared in aquariums dividing into four treatment groups, such as T₁ (0L:24D without pipe), T₂ (0L:24D with pipe), T₃ (12L:12D without pipe) and T₄ (12L:12D with pipe). Each treatment had 36 fish, which were randomly distributed into three replications. The fish were kept up to 120 days, and then, the growth performance and skin colour were analysed. The results showed that both lighting and shelter conditions as well as their interactions had significant effects on some traits expression. The analyses revealed that lighting condition significantly influenced body area, head width and skin coloration, while shelter condition significantly affected total and standard length, body area, and their interaction showed significant effects on body area, head width and anal fin length. Thus, this study indicates that stinging catfish show better growth performance and colour patterns especially in dark and sheltered conditions which could be recommended for the successive production of this highly priced fish species.  相似文献