Loss of reserves of Cu in liver when Cu supplements are withdrawn from dairy herds in the Waikato region     

AR Hittmann  ND Grace  SO Knowles 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):150-153

Abstract

AIM: To monitor the consequences of withdrawing mineral Cu supplements from two dairy herds with initially high concentrations of Cu in liver.

METHODS: Two herds were selected from dairy farms in the Waikato region of New Zealand that participated in an earlier survey of Cu supplementation practices and Cu status of dairy cows. The herds were fed pasture, grass and maize silage, plus palm kernel expeller (PKE) containing 25–30 mg Cu/kg dry matter (DM) fed at 2–4 kg/cow/day. No mineral Cu supplements were supplied from January 2009. Pasture samples were collected for mineral analysis in September 2008 and April 2009. Concentration of Cu in liver biopsies from the same 9–10 cows per herd was measured on three occasions between April 2009 and May 2010.

RESULTS: Pastures on both farms contained 10 mg Cu/kg DM, 0.1–0.5 mg Mo/kg DM and 3.5–4.0 g S/kg DM. The initial herd mean concentrations of Cu in liver were 1,500 (SD 590) and 1,250 (SD 640) μmol Cu/kg fresh tissue. In the absence of mineral Cu supplements, those mean concentrations decreased over 12 months to 705 (SD 370) and 1,120 (SD 560) μmol Cu/kg fresh tissue, respectively. For cows in the first herd, the rate of depletion of liver Cu reserves was influenced by initial concentration of Cu, such that high concentration led to faster loss according to first-order kinetics.

CONCLUSIONS: Mineral Cu supplementation was not necessary over 12 months for two dairy herds with mean concentrations of Cu in liver >1,250 μmol Cu/kg fresh tissue, grazing pastures containing 10 mg Cu/kg DM and concentrations of Mo <1 mg/kg DM. The quantity and particularly the duration of feeding PKE appeared to be a factor in whether or not the herd lost substantial reserves of Cu in liver during the year. However, the Cu status of both herds in this study was more than adequate to support late pregnancy and mating.

CLINICAL REVELANCE: Copper status of the herd should be monitored and on-farm management of Cu nutrition should take into account all sources contributing to daily intake of Cu. Where Cu supplementation has been excessive and there is risk of chronic Cu toxicity, mineral Cu supplements may be withdrawn for a period commensurate with the expected rate of liver Cu depletion.  相似文献   

A critical evaluation of serum methylmalonic acid and vitamin B12 for the assessment of cobalt deficiency of growing lambs in New Zealand     

TM Gruner  JR Sedcole  JM Furlong  AR Sykes 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):137-144

AIM: To derive reference ranges for serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) for the diagnosis of cobalt/vitamin B₁₂-responsiveness in lambs and critique existing serum vitamin B₁₂ reference ranges.

METHODS: Individual animal data from earlier supplementation trials, involving 225 ewes, 106 suckling lambs, 301 lambs during the suckling and post-weaning periods and 414 weaned lambs, for which weight gain to supplementation was observed, were used to derive relationships between serum vitamin B₁₂ and MMA, and liveweight gain.

RESULTS: Serum MMA concentrations were rarely elevated above the norm of <2 µmol/L when serum vitamin B₁₂ concentrations were >375 pmol/L, and not elevated into the range where a liveweight response to supplementation occurred (>10 µmol/L) unless serum vitamin B₁₂ concentrations were below 200 pmol/L. Suckling lambs were able to maintain high growth rates despite elevated serum MMA concentrations (>20 µmol/L).

CONCLUSIONS: The current reference ranges used in New Zealand for serum vitamin B₁₂ are set conservatively high. Serum MMA concentrations appear to allow better differentiation of a responsive condition than vitamin B₁₂ concentrations. Serum MMA concentrations <13 µmol/L indicate responsiveness to supplementation whilst concentrations <7 µmol/L indicate unresponsiveness. In the range 7–13 µmol/L, variation in response was observed and predictability of response is less certain, but supplementation is advisable.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The current reference ranges for vitamin B₁₂ responsiveness are conservatively high and lead to over-diagnosis of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency in ill-thriftiness of sheep.  相似文献   

Evaluation of age-dependent susceptibility in calves infected with two doses of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using pathology and tissue culture     

Rienske AR Mortier  Herman W Barkema  Janet M Bystrom  Oscar Illanes  Karin Orsel  Robert Wolf  Gordon Atkins  Jeroen De Buck 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):94

The longstanding assumption that calves of more than 6 months of age are more resistant to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection has recently been challenged. In order to elucidate this, a challenge experiment was performed to evaluate age- and dose-dependent susceptibility to MAP infection in dairy calves. Fifty-six calves from MAP-negative dams were randomly allocated to 10 MAP challenge groups (5 animals per group) and a negative control group (6 calves). Calves were inoculated orally on 2 consecutive days at 5 ages: 2 weeks and 3, 6, 9 or 12 months. Within each age group 5 calves received either a high – or low – dose of 5 × 10⁹ CFU or 5 × 10⁷ CFU, respectively. All calves were euthanized at 17 months of age. Macroscopic and histological lesions were assessed and bacterial culture was done on numerous tissue samples. Within all 5 age groups, calves were successfully infected with either dose of MAP. Calves inoculated at < 6 months usually had more culture-positive tissue locations and higher histological lesion scores. Furthermore, those infected with a high dose had more severe scores for histologic and macroscopic lesions as well as more culture-positive tissue locations compared to calves infected with a low dose. In conclusion, calves to 1 year of age were susceptible to MAP infection and a high infection dose produced more severe lesions than a low dose.  相似文献   

A non-invasive technique for standing surgical repair of urinary bladder rupture in a post-partum mare: a case report     

Stephen J  Harty M  Hollis A  Yeomans J  Corley K 《Irish veterinary journal》2009,62(11):734-736

An 11-year-old mare presented 36 hours after foaling with a ruptured bladder. Uroperitoneum was diagnosed on ultrasound and from the creatinine concentration of the peritoneal fluid. Bladder endoscopy demonstrated tissue necrosis and a rent in the dorsocranial aspect of the bladder. Following stabilisation, including abdominal drainage and lavage, the mare was taken to standing surgery. Under continuous sedation and epidural anaesthesia, and after surgical preparation, a Balfour retractor was placed in the vagina. Using sterile lubricant and moderate force, it was possible to insert a hand into the bladder. The tear was easily palpable on the dorsal portion of the bladder. Two fingers were inserted through the tear and used to provide traction to evert the bladder completely into the vagina where it could grasped with the surgeons other hand to prevent further trauma. A second surgeon could then visualise the entire tear and repaired this using a single layer of size zero PDS suture in a single continuous pattern. As soon as the bladder was repaired, it was replaced via the urethra. The mare did well after surgery and was discharged after 48 hours, apparently normal.This report is the first describing repair of the bladder without an abdominal incision or incision into the urethral sphincter. This greatly reduces the chance of possible complications such as urine pooling after surgery with the previously described standing technique or bladder trauma due to traction with abdominal surgery.  相似文献   

Some observations on sheep sarcoptic mange in Tehran province,Iran     

Rahbari S  Nabian S  Bahonar AR 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(3):397-401

Sarcoptes scabiei infestation was diagnosed in 278 sheep from 12 fatling flocks. The sheep presented crusted skin lesions initially appear on the lips or nostrils, the lesion on nostrils also extend towards around the eyes, the supraorbital fossae and in some cases over entire face. The infested male lambs by mating behavior in fatling flocks caused transmitting the infection to fat tail area and scrutum. Histopathological study of lesions demonstrated marked acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis. Tunnels could be observed in the hyperkeratotic stratum corneum and mite segments were located mainly in the stratum corneum and also in the stratum granulosum. Attempts to eliminate S. scabiei var. ovis were made in 3 naturally infested sheep herds, by two dippings with two weeks interval with Amitraz, Cypermetrin and Prompetamphos. The results of this study indicate that acaricidal treatment of S. scabiei var. ovis in 3 naturally infested herds was successful, but a few cases of reinfestation were found in each treated group.  相似文献   

稻草床栽草菇培养料优质发酵方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

纪开萍  何明霞  阿红昌  王文兵  张春霞 《食用菌学报》2007,14(1):32-36

简易发酵、一次发酵和二次发酵稻草培养料床栽草菇的试验结果表明,二次发酵法栽培的草菇生物学效率达16.3%,显著高于一次发酵及简易发酵,且能较好地控制病虫害的发生,提高了草菇的产量和质量。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Fertilizing Potential of Frozen-thawed dog Spermatozoa Diluted in ACP-106^® using an In Vitro Sperm–Oocyte Interaction Assay     

RCS Cardoso  AR Silva  LDM Silva  VH Chirinéa  FF Souza  MD Lopes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(1):11-16

The aim of present study was to evaluate frozen canine semen with ACP-106 (Powder Coconut Water) using an in vitro sperm--oocyte interaction assay (SOIA). Ten ejaculates from five stud dogs were diluted in ACP-106 containing 20% egg yolk, submitted to cooling in a thermal box for 40 min and in a refrigerator for 30 min. After this period, a second dilution was performed using ACP-106 containing 20% egg yolk and 12% glycerol. Samples were thawed at 38 degrees C for 1 min. Post-thaw motility was evaluated by light microscopy and by using a computer aided semen analysis (CASA). Plasma membrane integrity and sperm morphology/acrosomal status were evaluated by fluorescent probes (C-FDA/PI) and Bengal Rose respectively. Moreover, frozen-thawed semen was analysed by a SOIA. Subjective post-thaw motility was 52.0 +/- 14.8% and it was significant higher than the total motility estimated by CASA (23.0 +/- 14.8%) because this system considered the egg yolk debris as immotile spermatozoa. Although normal sperm rate and acrosomal integrity evaluated by Bengal Rose stain was 89.6 +/- 3.1% and 94.3 +/- 3.1%, respectively, post-thaw percentage of intact plasma membrane was only 35.1 +/- 14.3%. Regarding SOIA, the percentage of interacted oocytes (bound, penetrated and bound and/or penetrated) was 75.3%. Using regression analysis, it was found significant relations between some CASA patterns and data for SOIA. In conclusion, the freezing-thawing procedure using ACP-106 was efficient for maintain the in vitro fertility potential of dog spermatozoa.  相似文献   

Polymerase chain reaction and other laboratory techniques in the diagnosis of long incubation rabies in Australia   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

KA MCCOLL  AR GOULD  PW SELLECK  PT HOOPER  HA WESTBURY  JS SMITH† 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(3):84-89

SUMMARY Blood and post-mortem tissues from a 10-years-old girl were submitted to the Australian Animal Health Laboratory. Clinical signs and histopathological lesions had suggested a diagnosis of rabies, but, an unusually long incubation period of at least 5 years did not encourage such a diagnosis. Serological examinations by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test revealed a dramatic increase in rabies virus-neutralising antibody during the 10-day period of hospitalisation. The results of a fluorescent antibody test on brain smears, and an immunoperoxidase test on formalin-fixed sections of brain were also consistent with a diagnosis of rabies. Attempts to isolate virus were unsuccessful. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were conducted on a 10% suspension of a post-mortem sample from the patient's brain, using primers based on the published sequence of the Pasteur virus strain of rabies virus. 413 and 513 bp fragments from the nucleoprotein gene and a 403 bp fragment from the glycoprotein gene were amplified. Subsequent sequencing of these fragments, and comparison with equivalent regions of known rabies viruses, confirmed that the fragments originated from a virus belonging to the rabies virus serotype. This case demonstrated the advantage of using a range of laboratory techniques to obtain a definitive diagnosis. In particular, a PCR-based test may allow a diagnosis, even in the face of conditions that preclude virus isolation such as apparently occurred in this case. Finally, this case demonstrated that an unusually long incubation period should not discourage a tentative clinical diagnosis of rabies.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of botulism in cattle using ELISA to detect antibody to botulinum toxins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

TF JUBB  TM ELLIS  AR GREGORY 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(6):226-227

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Prevalence of avian influenza,Newcastle disease,and infectious bronchitis viruses in broiler flocks infected with multifactorial respiratory diseases in Iran, 2015–2016     

Haji-Abdolvahab  Habibbolah  Ghalyanchilangeroudi  Arah  Bahonar  Alireza  Ghafouri  Seyed Ali  Vasfi Marandi  Mehdi  Mehrabadi  Mohammad Hosein Fallah  Tehrani  Farshad 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(3):689-695

In this study, the prevalence and spatial distribution of Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and avian influenza have been evaluated in commercial broiler farms in 31 provinces in Iran. In this survey, a total of 233 affected broiler chicken farms were sampled. The infectious bronchitis virus (alone) was detected with highest frequency in 60 farms, and separately or combined with other agents, in 110 farms; Newcastle disease virus, separately, was detected in 28 farms, and in 63 farms separately or combined with other infectious agents; and avian influenza H9N2 was detected in 22 farms separately and in 51 farms separately or concomitant with other infectious agents. The sample tested negative for all H5 serotypes. The results of the present study show that the most prevalent avian viral infectious disease contributing to respiratory syndromes in broiler farms in Iran was infectious bronchitis due to infectious bronchitis virus serotypes variant 2 and 793/B. On the other hand, combined with the alternation of dominant viruses and circulating strains, flocks are exposed to unremitting anamorphic viral infections. Thus, the permanent monitoring of cases that have occurred and the review of vaccination plans of affected flocks every year are some of the necessary measures needed for strategic control of respiratory syndrome in broilers. It is noteworthy that execution of epidemiologic examinations on the cogent factors of prevalence of this syndrome and defeat of vaccination strategy in the flocks is urgent and has to be fulfilled on the definite causes of time.

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