Egg cortisol response to stress at early stages of development in Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus     

Bahram Falahatkar  Sobhan R. Akhavan  Gholamreza Ghaedi 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(1):215-223

One of the most important periods in artificial breeding of sturgeon is incubation. In general, little is known about ontogeny of the stress response in early developmental stages of sturgeon. In this study, cortisol content was measured by radioimmunoassay for the first time in eggs of Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus to elicit at which times during early developmental stages, that they were particularly sensitive to stressful events. In this study, fertilized eggs of mature Persian sturgeons were placed in special boxes (as replicates) that were put in incubation units of Yushchenko. To assess pre-stress samples (resting cortisol levels), 5 eggs were selected randomly from each box in 7 important stages of incubation (2-cell division, blastula, end of blastula, mid of gastrula, neurula, eyed stage and heart beaten). In another experiment, eggs were exposed to an acute stress (10 min out of water) in 7 developmental stages. For determination of post-stress cortisol, eggs were collected 2 and 6 h after the stress. The results indicated significant difference in various stages of incubation but cortisol levels revealed no differences in whole-body levels between stressed samples (2 and 6 h post-stress) and unstressed samples (P > 0.05). The highest percentage of hatching rate for post-stressed eggs was recorded in 2-cell division stage while this percentage declined steadily in the heart beaten stage when a statistically significant difference was revealed with regard to other stages (P = 0.000). These findings suggested that sturgeon eggs were not so much sensitive in their early developmental stages and relatively resistant to stress. However, significant decrease in survival rate in heart beaten stage showed a sensitivity of this stage to stress. Lack of an increase in cortisol after acute stress indicated that hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis for cortisol synthesis was not yet functional. However, further studies seem necessary to clarify when HPI axis is activated in this species.  相似文献   

Effect of thiamine injection on growth performance,hematology and germinal vesicle migration in sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus L.     

Sareh Ghiasi  Bahram Falahatkar  Konrad Dabrowski  Alireza Abasalizadeh  Murat Arslan 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(5):1563-1576

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of thiamine on growth, hematological, egg thiamine content and oocyte nucleus migration indices in sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). A total of 45 female fish (698.6 ± 8.9 g) were distributed in nine fiberglass tanks with three treatments (each in three replicates). Experimental fish were fed once a day with practical diet supplemented with 1 g kg^?1 amprolium hydrochloride (as the antithiamine) for 5 months before spawning. Thiamine hydrochloride was injected to fish with one of three doses at 0, 5 and 50 mg kg^?1 body weight (BW) at three different stages. At the end of each month, fish were weighed and growth parameters such as weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency and final weight were determined. At the end of the 5-month period, hematological parameters and egg thiamine content were measured. The results showed no significant differences in terms of growth performance. Hemoglobin, number of red blood cells and white blood cells were not significantly different among the treatments, but hematocrit was significantly higher in fish injected with 5 mg kg^?1 BW thiamine. The mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were not significantly different, but lower value of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was observed in fish injected with 5 mg thiamine. Percentage of lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes were not significantly different among treatments. The results of the germinal vesicle migration index at different stages showed no significant differences in different groups. Results showed that free thiamine, thiamine pyrophosphate and total thiamine in eggs significantly increased at 50 mg kg^?1 injection dose compared with the control, but no significant different was found in thiamine monophosphate. The results revealed that thiamine injection to sterlet broodstocks has positive accumulation in egg thiamine content and some hematological parameters but have no effect on growth and ovarian maturation. We conclude that thiamine can affect some physiological features of broodstock, which needs to be specified in further studies.  相似文献   

Application of half-sib mating for genetic analysis of forage yield and related traits in Bromus inermis     

Bahram Araghi  Mohammad Barati  Mohammad Mahdi Majidi  Aghafakhr Mirlohi 《Euphytica》2014,196(1):25-34

Despite efforts made, forage yield of smooth bromegrass has increased slowly over the last 50 years of breeding. It therefore seems necessary to investigate more on the genetic basis of agro-morphological traits in this cool-season, highly drought resistant grass. The present study was aimed at estimation of total genetic variance, narrow-sense heritability, general combining ability, phenotypic and genotypic correlation among different quantitative traits in half-sib (HS) families derived from polycross of 25 smooth bromegrass genotypes that were mainly originated from Iran. Families differed significantly for all of the agro-morphological and quality traits measured. Narrow sense heritability ( ${\text{h}}_{\text{n}}^{2}$ ) ranged from about 0.2 (plant height) to 0.7 (day to inflorescence emergence and day to anthesis). Moderate to high heritability for forage dry matter yield (0.42) indicates that phenotypic selection for this trait can be successful. A wide range of general combining ability was observed for most of the studied traits, especially those related to forage yield. Relatively low genetic variation and heritability for crude protein and also negative correlation of this trait with forage yield, indicates a low probability of improving forage yield and quality simultaneously.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the optimum dietary protein level for the maximum growth of juvenile beluga (Huso huso L.1758)     

Mahmoud Mohseni  Hamid Reza Pourali  Rezvan Kazemi  Sungchul C Bai 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(11):1832-1841

A 10‐week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the optimum dietary protein level for the maximum growth of juvenile beluga, Huso huso. Fish averaging 1.34 ± 0.07 g (mean ± SD) was randomly distributed into 18 circular fibreglass tanks of 500 L capacity (20 fish per tank). Six iso‐caloric diets were formulated to contain 30 (CP₃₀), 35 (CP₃₅), 40 (CP₄₀), 45 (CP₄₅), 50 (CP₅₀) and 55% (CP₅₅) crude protein (CP). Fish were fed each of the six experimental diets in triplicate groups. At the end of feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) in fish fed CP₄₀ and CP₄₅ diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed CP₃₀, CP₃₅, CP₅₀ and CP₅₅ diets (P < 0.05). Lipid retention increased significantly from 24.7% to 31.6%, but protein retention decreased from 54.6% to 35.6% with increasing protein levels from 30% to 50%. Muscle total essential and non‐essential amino acid (EAA & NEAA) concentrations increased with the dietary protein level up to CP₄₅ diets. Muscle total EAA concentrations (%) of fish fed CP₄₅ were significantly higher than those of fish fed CP₃₀, CP₃₅, CP₅₀ and CP₅₅, but there was no significantly different between those of fish fed CP₄₀ and CP₄₅. Muscle total NEAA concentration (%) of fish fed CP₄₅ were significantly higher than those of fish fed CP₃₀ and CP₃₅ diets. Broken‐line analysis of WG suggested that the optimum dietary protein level could be 38.9% for maximum growth performance in juvenile beluga (1.3–77 g).  相似文献   

Effects of supplementation level and particle size of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves          下载免费PDF全文

M. Mirzaei  M. Khorvash  G. R. Ghorbani  M. Kazemi‐Bonchenari  A. Riasi  A. Nabipour  J. J. G. C. van den Borne 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(3):553-564

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of particle size (PS) of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves at two levels of alfalfa supplementation. Fifty newborn dairy calves (42.7 ± 2.2 kg BW) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the factors supplementation level (low, 8%; or high, 16% on DM basis) and PS (medium, 2.92 mm; or long, 5.04 mm as geometrical means) of alfalfa hay. In addition, a control group without alfalfa hay was used. Hence, treatments were: control (C); low level with medium PS (LM); low level with long PS (LL); high level with medium PS (HM) or high level with long PS (HL). Growth performance of alfalfa‐fed calves did not differ from control calves, but alfalfa supplementation decreased corneum thickness of the rumen wall. In alfalfa‐fed calves, post‐weaning starter intake was greater for LL calves than for LM calves. During the entire rearing period, starter intake was 26–32% higher for LL and HM calves than for LM calves. Pre‐weaning average daily gain was higher for LL and HM calves than for HL calves, but this effect was not persistent over the entire rearing period. Final body weight decreased from 86 to 79 kg when the level of long PS alfalfa hay increased from 8 to 16%, but increased from 78 to 87 kg when the level of medium PS alfalfa increased from 8 to 16%. Regardless of PS and level, morphometric characteristics of rumen wall were generally similar among alfalfa feeding groups, but corneum thickness decreased from 8.7 to 6.1 μm with greater PS at the low level. These results indicate that adequate, but not excessive, physical stimulation is required for appropriate rumen development and growth performance of dairy calves.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic analysis of the lumpy skin disease viruses in northwest of Iran     

Payman Sameea Yousefi  Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh  Karim Mardani  Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(8):1851-1858

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a devastating viral disease of cattle which has recently spread from Africa into the countries of the Middle East. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships among lumpy skin disease viruses (LSDV) isolated from different regions of Iran and the origin and spread of these viruses. In this study, a total of 234 blood samples from clinically affected animals from four provinces in the northwest of Iran were screened for LSDV using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From 80 positive samples for LSDV detected by PCR, the partial P32 gene (759 bp) of 12 isolates were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. LSD viruses were grouped in three subclusters with an overall 97.1–100% nucleotide identity. LSDVs isolated from Gilan showed lowest nucleotide identity with the other LSDVs. Four isolates of LSDV including KO-1, EA-1, EA-3, and WA-3 showed 100% similarity with each other and also with the Neethling strain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the identified LSDVs were closely related to each other and had high-sequence homology with other LSDV isolates from Africa. It was concluded that LSD outbreak probably occurred in the northwest of Iran by LSDVs entering the country from Iraq and P32 nucleotide sequence information obtained in the present study is a valuable resource in understanding the genetic nature and molecular epidemiology of local LSDV isolates which can be used for future vaccine development based on the circulating strains in the region.  相似文献   

Effects of different photoperiods on growth, stress and haematological parameters in juvenile great sturgeon Huso huso     

Ali Bani  Mehdi Tabarsa  Bahram Falahatkar  & Ashkan Banan 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(16):1899-1907

The effects of constant light (24L:00D), no light (00L:24D) and two light–dark periods (18L:06D;12L:12D) on the growth, stress and haematological variables were assessed in juvenile great sturgeon, Huso huso . During the 8-week experimental period, juveniles (22.5 ± 0.6 g) were kept under a 150 lx light intensity in fibreglass tanks (0.8 m², 500 L). Differences in growth were insignificant during the experiment, but lactate levels were higher in the 00L:24D and 24L:00D photoperiods compared with 12L:12D and 18L:06D photoperiods. Cortisol levels did not show differences among the various photoperiods. At the end of the experimental period, fish reared under a 12L:12D photoperiod had higher haemoglobin values and erythrocyte numbers than in the other photoperiods, while no differences were found between groups with regard to haematocrit values or leucocyte numbers. The highest survival rate (89%) was observed in the 12L:12D period in which the levels of lactate and cortisol as stress indicators were minimal. The results indicate that various photoperiods cause different stress levels in juvenile great sturgeon and have no significant effects on growth, at least in short time periods.  相似文献   

Minimally invasive surgical technique for egg collection from the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus     

Mohsen Pourasadi  Bahram Falahatkar  Ghobad Azari Takami 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(4):317-321

A minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) for the removal of ovulated eggs from Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus was tested on broodstocks caught from the wild to determine whether it affected fecundity or hatching rates compared with the traditional stripping method of killing and removing the eggs (commonly used in hatchery). Morphological parameters of females, germinal vesicle (GV) position, weight of obtained egg, number of eggs/gram, fertilization rate, and percentage of hatching during incubation were not significantly different between the MIST and traditional stripping methods. Obtained ova were 4.8 ± 0.4 kg female⁻¹ in the MIST and 4.6 ± 0.5 kg female⁻¹ in traditional stripped groups, respectively; the fertilization rate was 83.4 ± 11.2% and 80.0 ± 7.2% in groups, respectively. The results of this study showed that the minimally invasive surgical technique approach is efficient, practical, and less stressful to Persian sturgeon broodstocks during artificial propagation than other reported egg collection procedures.  相似文献   

Determinants of Summer Nitrate Concentration in a Set of Adirondack Lakes,New York     

Momen  Bahram  Zehr  Jonathan P.  Boylen  Charles W.  Sutherland  James W. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1999,111(1-4):19-28

Following reductions in the emission and deposition of sulfur compounds in the past decade, atmospheric deposition of nitrogen has become a focus of concern. Identification of watershed characteristics that mediate the effect of atmospheric nitrogen deposition can help evaluate the sensitivity of lakes to chronic and episodic nitrogen addition. Twenty four lakes in the southwestern portion of the Adirondack Park, New York, U.S.A., were classified into three N classes by cluster analysis of lakewater NO3- N concentration [N] during the summers of 1994–1996. The lake-N classes were best characterized as having (1) low [N] throughout the summer, (2) high [N] in early- but low [N] in late-summer, and (3) high [N] throughout the summer. The three lake-N classes were reconstructed perfectly by canonical discriminant analysis based mainly on lake average depth (AD), and lakewater concentrations of chlorophyll a [Chla] and SO4-S [S] in mid-summer. Increases in AD and [S], but decrease in [Chla] corresponded with a transition from low- to high-N classes.  相似文献   

Allelic diversity of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in Iranian Aegilops tauschii Coss. accessions by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)     

Zahra Tahernezhad  Zeyn-alabedin Musavi  Mohammad Javad Zamani  Mohammad Jafar Aghaei  Bahram Rostam Foroudi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(3):905-911

Variation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in 28 Iranian Aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14, DD) accessions studied by sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis method (SDS-PAGE). The results showed high variation of HMW-GS in the accessions. The range of frequency in 14 HMW-GS combinations was 3.57–25 % in the accessions. AMOVA showed the molecular variance between the geographic areas was lower than within the geographic areas. According to Nei’s genetic diversity, the highest diversity levels were in Semnan, Golestan and Azarbayjan, on the other hand the lowest levels of diversity were found in Khorasan, Gilan and Mazandaran accessions. Hence, the Caspian Sea South East accessions also Azerbayjan in Iran have more diversity. AMOVA did not show variance between strangulata and tauschii but there was more genetic diversity in ssp. tauschii subspecies in comparison of ssp. strangulata according to Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon information index. It showed Iranian Ae. tauschii have a good potential for bread making quality improvement in bread wheat.  相似文献