The association of cattle husbandry practices, environmental factors and farmer characteristics with the occurence of chronic bovine tuberculosis in dairy herds in the Republic of Ireland     

John M. Griffin  Tom Hahesy  Kevin Lynch  M. D. Salman  John McCarthy  Tom Hurley 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1993,17(3-4):145-160

A matched case-control study was undertaken to provide information on the role of farm management practices, environmental factors and farmer characteristics in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis. Eighty dairy herds with chronic tuberculosis were compared with the same number of herds which had been free of the disease for many years. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain information from the farmers. the study was conducted from August to October 1990, in Counties Cork and Kilkenny, Republic of Ireland.

Factors which were identified as possibly contributing to recurrent outbreaks of tuberculosis outbreaks included nutritional factors, cattle purchases (especially bulls), the presence of badgers, and the spreading of slurry. Overall, the findings suggested that intensively managed dairy herds were at greater risk of bovine tuberculosis outbreaks than were other herds.

The study did not support some of the hypotheses which traditionally have been put forward as contributing to tuberculosis outbreaks. These included contact with neigboring cattle owing to movements to and from fragments or poor boundary fencing, presence of sub-standard cattle housing, movement of equipment or vehicles onto farms, and exposure to water supplies from rivers or streams. In the light of these findings, and in view of the lack of evidence in the scientific literature to support these hypotheses, we suggest that a general re-evaluation of their role in chronic tuberculosis is needed.  相似文献   

COMPARISON OF THE RESISTIVE INDEX TO CLINICAL PARAMETERS IN DOGS WITH RENAL DISEASE     

Karen L.  Morrow  DVM  Mowafak D.  Salman  BVMS  PhD  Michael R.  Lappin  DVM  PhD  Robert  Wrigley  BVSc  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1996,37(3):193-199

The resistive index (RI) is a measurement of arteriole vascular resistance and is obtained by pulsed-wave Doppler interrogation. The diagnostic potential of the renal resistive index (RI) was retrospectively investigated in 142 kidneys from 81 dogs. The resistive index of each kidney was compared to clinical laboratory parameters, clinical diagnoses, and sonographic findings. The mean renal resistive index (RI) for 22 normal kidneys was 0.61 (standard deviation = 0.06). An elevation in the mean renal RI (>0.70) was found for the clinical diagnoses of acute renal failure and congenital dysplasia. When a RI of greater than 0.70 was considered abnormal, the sensitivity and specificity of the RI in determining normal vs, abnormal kidneys were 38% and 96% respectively.  相似文献   

Evaluation of innate immune responses in bovine forestomachs     

E. Trevisi  M. Amadori  F. Riva  G. Bertoni  P. Bani 《Research in veterinary science》2014

Previous studies had indicated an active role of bovine forestomachs in the response to alimentary disorders as well as to inflammatory and infectious processes in both the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract and elsewhere. We investigated the potential of bovine forestomachs to receive, elaborate and produce signals and mediators of the innate immune response. Indeed, we detected the expression of Toll IL-1R8/single Ig IL-1-related receptor (TIR8/SIGIRR) and other receptors and cytokines, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10 and Caspase-1 in the forestomach walls of healthy cows. Their presence suggests an active role of forestomachs in inflammatory disorders of the GI tract and other body compartments. Moreover, interferon (IFN)-γ was revealed in ruminal content. We confirmed and further characterized the presence of leukocytes in the rumen fluids. In particular, T-, B-lymphocytes and myeloid lineage cells were detected in the ruminal content of both rumen-fistulated heifers and diseased cows. An acidogenic diet based on daily supplements of maize was shown to inhibit leukocyte accumulation, as opposed to a control, hay-based diet, with or without a soy flour (protein) supplement. On the whole, results indicate that bovine forestomachs can receive and elaborate signals for the immune cells infiltrating the rumen content or other organs. Forestomachs can thus participate in a cross-talk with the lymphoid tissues in the oral cavity and promote regulatory actions at both regional and systemic levels; these might include the control of dry matter intake as a function of fundamental metabolic requirements of ruminants.  相似文献   

Trace elements and prion diseases: a review of the interactions of copper, manganese and zinc with the prion protein     

Leach SP  Salman MD  Hamar D 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2006,7(1-2):97-105

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a family of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by their long incubation periods, progressive neurological changes, and spongiform appearance in the brain. There is much evidence to show that TSEs are caused by an isoform of the normal cellular surface prion protein PrPC. The normal function of PrPC is still unknown, but it exhibits properties of a cupro-protein, capable of binding up to six copper ions. There are two differing views on copper's role in prion diseases. While one view looks at the PrPC copper-binding as the trigger for conversion to PrPSc, the opposing viewpoint sees a lack of PrPC copper-binding resulting in the conformational change into the disease causing isoform. Manganese and zinc have been shown to interact with PrPC as well and have been found in abnormal levels in prion diseases. This review addresses the interaction between select trace elements and the PrPC.  相似文献   

Cytologic analysis of synovial fluid in clinically normal tarsal joints of young camels (Camelus dromedarius)     

Al-Rukibat RK  Bani Ismail ZA  Al-Zghoul MB 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(3):326-328

BACKGROUND: Camels are important in the racing industry and for milk, meat, and hair production in the Middle East. Evaluation of synovial fluid is an important part of the assessment of musculoskeletal injuries in this species. Information in the literature regarding synovial fluid in camels is limited. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the protein and cellular composition of synovial fluid from the tarsal joints of clinically normal, young camels (Camelus dromedarius). METHODS: Thirty clinically healthy, male camels, aged 9 to 12 months, were used in the study. Synovial fluid samples were collected from the right and left tarsal joints. Samples were processed within 60 minutes after collection. Total nucleated cell counts (TNCC) were assessed using a hemacytometer. Total protein concentration was determined using a refractometer. RESULTS: Forty-six samples were analyzed. The TNCC (mean +/- SD) was 175.8 +/- 136.7 cells/microL (range 50-678 cells/microL). Differential cell percentages were obtained for lymphocytes (58.2 +/- 21.55%, range 15-90%), monocyte/macrophages (38.3 +/- 20.8%, range 10-85%), and neutrophils (3.5 +/- 5.1%, range 0-15%). Protein concentration was 2.1 +/- 0.6 g/dL (range 1-3 g/dL). Significant differences were not observed in any parameters between right and left tarsal joints. CONCLUSION: Synovial fluid reference values were established and may be useful in the clinical investigation of joint disease in young camels.  相似文献   

Diarrhoea and child feeding practices in Saudi Arabia     

Bani IA  Saeed AA  Othman AA 《Public health nutrition》2002,5(6):727-731

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Improving Strategic Growth Stage-based Drought Tolerance in Quinoa by Rhizobacterial Inoculation     

Muhammad Usman Aslam  Muhammad Farrukh Saleem  Muhammad Waqas  Rashid Iqbal  Salman Ahmad 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(7):853-868

ABSTRACT

Climate change is imposing high temperature resulting in prolonged drought episodes and shrinking of fresh water resources across the globe. In this scenario, even drought tolerant crops like quinoa are also losing significant yield. However, this study was planned to investigate the impact of drought on quinoa at critical growth stages and bacterial inoculation to improve drought tolerance. Drought was imposed by maintaining 25% pot water holding capacity (PWC) at multiple leaf, flowering, and seed filling stage (DSFS), while 80% PWC was considered as control. Three strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) named as: Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Azospirillum brasilense were inoculated with quinoa seeds before sowing with respect to drought treatments. PGPR inoculation mitigated the drastic effects of drought by improving crop growth, net assimilation rate, water use efficiency, leaf chlorophyll, and phenolic contents, all of these ultimately contributed to improvement in grain yield and its contributing attributes. Moreover, PGPR markedly improves the grain quality attributes including protein, phosphorus, and potassium contents. Principal component analysis linked the different scales of study and demonstrated the potential of physio-biochemical traits to explain the quinoa yield variations under drought condition with response to PGPR inoculation. Among different PGPR, A. brasilense was found most effective both under normal and drought conditions. Overall, DSFS has more detrimental effects among critical growth stages of quinoa and A. brasilense can be used as a shotgun tactic to ameliorate drought stress in quinoa.  相似文献   

Variation of Agro-morphological Characters in Moroccan Barley Landraces Under Near Optimal and Drought Conditions     

Said?El?MadidiEmail author  Zineb?Diani  Fouzia?Bani?Aameur 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(7):831-838

In many areas of North Africa, barley is often the only possible rainfed crop. In these regions water deficit is the primary constraint affecting crop production. Twenty barley landraces collected from different localities in south Morocco and four modern varieties were characterized in two field experiments, one under well-irrigated and one under limited-irrigated conditions. Nine agro-morphological characters were evaluated: Plant height, tiller number per plant, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per plant, spike weight, spike length, plant weight (PW), number of internodes of rachis (NIR), and length of the last internode of rachis. The correlation coefficients among characters were nearly the same in the well- and limited-irrigated experiment. Under limited-irrigated conditions, plant growth was significantly decreased as measured by all characters except NIR, which was unaffected. The percentage of reduction, ranging from 80.08% to 5.82%, was recorded on PW and NIR, respectively. The injury index ranging from 4.02 to 0.06 was recorded on PW and NIR, respectively. Using discriminant analysis the genotypes were arranged in three, clearly separated groups that varied in their tolerance to drought stress.  相似文献   

Evaluation of MPB70, bovine PPD and lipoarabinomannan as antigens in ELISA for the serodiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jorge Hernndez De Anda  Michael Monaghan  John D. Collins  Patrick J. Brennan  Mo D. Salman 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1996,27(3-4):211-215

The performance of the secretory protein MPB70 of Mycobacterium bovis, bovine PPD, and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) were evaluated as antigens in ELISA for detection of tuberculosis (TB) infected cattle. Sera were from 120 M. bovis infected cattle and 223 cattle from a TB free herd. ELISA results were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in relation to culture results. The areas under the three ROC curves were 71 ± 49% SE (MPB70), 71 ± 27% SE (bovine PPD), and 56 ± 4% SE (LAM).  相似文献   

Neutralizing antibodies against vesicular stomatitis viruses (serotypes New Jersey and Indiana) in horses in Costa Rica.     

Maren Blickwede  Gaby Dolz  Marco V Herrero  Sarah M Tomlinson  Mo Salman 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(5):438-441

Serum samples were collected from domestic horses in 4 different regions of Costa Rica to detect antibodies against vesicular stomatitis viruses, serotypes New Jersey (VSV-NJ) and Indiana (VSV-IN). A total of 214 samples were tested by the virus neutralization test. The sampling regions were identified as low North Pacific dry area (1), low Middle Atlantic humid area (2), low South Pacific humid area (3), and the highlands (4). In region 1, 97.1% of horses were positive for VSV-NJ and 16.5% were positive for VSV-IN. The mean antibody titer and its standard deviation after logarithmic transformation were 5.86 +/- 0.9 for VSV-NJ and 3.55 +/- 1.66 for VSV-IN for region 1. In region 2, 40.7% of horses were positive for VSV-NJ and 32.2% were positive for VSV-IN. The mean antibody titer in region 2 was 4.33 +/- 1.82 for VSV-NJ and 3.47 +/- 1.73 for VSV-IN. In region 3, 20.79% of horses were positive for VSV-NJ and 27.6% were positive for VSV-IN. The mean antibody titer in region 3 was 4.39 +/- 1.89 for VSV-NJ and 3.47 +/- 1.82 for VSV-IN. In region 4, 91.3% of horses were positive for VSV-NJ and 73.9% were positive for VSV-IN. The mean antibody titer in region 4 was 5.77 +/- 1.10 for VSV-NJ and 4.85 +/- 1.63 for VSV-IN. This is the first published report of the detection of virus-neutralizing antibodies against VSV-NJ and VSV-IN in horses in Costa Rica.  相似文献