The <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> b-32 ribosome-inactivating protein efficiently inhibits growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium verticillioides</Emphasis> on leaf pieces <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>     

Chiara Lanzanova  Maria Gabriella Giuffrida  Mario Motto  Cristina Baro  Guenter Donn  Hans Hartings  Elisabetta Lupotto  Maria Careri  Lisa Elviri  Carlotta Balconi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(3):471-482

In maize endosperm, a cytosolic albumin, b-32, with a molecular weight of 32 kDa is synthesised in temporal and quantitative coordination with the deposition of storage proteins. This protein has homology with several previously characterised Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins (RIPs). To verify if the maize plant expressing b-32 in various tissues has an increased tolerance to fungal pathogens, transgenic plants were obtained through genetic transformation using a chimeric gene containing the b-32 coding sequence downstream of a constitutive 35SCaMV promoter. A set of four independent homozygous progenies expressing b-32, were selected for a detailed analysis of b-32 expression in leaves and for pathogenicity tests. A differential b-32 content in leaf protein extracts was recorded in the transgenic progenies. Proteomic investigations on protein leaf extracts were carried out; the overlapping of the two-dimensional electrophoresis maps demonstrated the presence in a transgenic progeny, of additional spots, identified as b-32 and as a protein for herbicide resistance, in comparison to the negative control. Transgenic progenies were tested in bioassays to evaluate the response to Fusarium attack in leaf tissues. Preliminary experiments supported the choice of bioassay parameters for a reliable evaluation of transgenic progenies. The negative control was most susceptible to Fusarium verticillioides attack, compared to transgenic progenies. The data obtained indicate that maize b-32 was an effective antifungal protein by reducing Fusarium infection progression. Additionally, the reduction in Fusarium attack symptoms was related to b-32 concentration in leaf tissues.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi‐field trial     

Mario Baldessari  Federica Trona  Gino Angeli  Claudio Ioriatti 《Pest management science》2010,66(3):308-312

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Compatibility of regeneration silviculture and wild ungulates in a Mediterranean pine forest: implications for tree recruitment and woody plant diversity     

Mario Velamazán  Alfonso San Miguel  Rafael Escribano  Ramón Perea 《Annals of Forest Science》2018,75(1):35

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Local diversity of native arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts differentially affects growth and nutrition of three crop plant species     

Alessandra?TurriniEmail author  Alberico?Bedini  Mario?Bonilla?Loor  Gaia?Santini  Cristiana?Sbrana  Manuela?Giovannetti  Luciano?AvioEmail author 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2018,54(2):203-217

Intact whole native AMF communities occurring across a 100-m-long field were used for the evaluation of plant performance, as determined by the actual fungal species colonizing host roots. The soil from distinct plots within a “hot spot” field was collected to set up 54 experimental units where three different plant species were grown, in order to test whether the whole native AMF communities were able to differentially affect plant growth, to assess the genetic identity of the AMF actually colonizing the tested plants and to analyse their community composition in the different hosts. Molecular analyses revealed that plant growth and nutrition of the crop plants were differentially affected by the diverse native arbuscular mycorrhizal communities colonizing the roots of the three plants, whose performance varied depending on the identity of plant hosts and fungal symbionts, more than on a rich and diversified AMF community. Such results, improving our understanding of AMF distribution at the local scale, represent a starting point allowing the selection, isolation and characterization of the most efficient AMF assemblages to be used as inoculants in sustainable food production systems.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity patterns in ex situ collections of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza officinalis</Emphasis> Wall. ex G. Watt revealed by morphological and microsatellite markers     

Maria Elizabeth Boncodin Naredo  Sheila Mae Quilloy Mercado  Maria Celeste Naynes Banaticla-Hilario  Myrricar Loren Berdos  Mario Alcantara Rodriguez  Kenneth Lee McNally  Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(4):733-744

This study was conducted to understand variation patterns and establish the population structure in the wild rice species, Oryza officinalis, using accessions collected across the 11 regions/areas of endemism in Asia and Oceania and conserved ex situ in the International Rice Genebank at the International Rice Research Institute. Morphological and microsatellite data detected a tendency for latitudinal divergence in O. officinalis and divided the accessions into (1) Malesian and (2) South and East Asian populations. Cluster and ordination analyses of morphological characters revealed that accessions from Malesia (Regions 1–6), Vietnam (Region 7), and Central Thailand (Region 8) showed short (16.19 ± 3.70 cm) and slender (1.53 ± 2.06 cm) flag leaves that are erect to almost horizontal, short panicles (25.19 ± 3.02 cm) and mainly purple internodes; and (3) accessions from Northern Thailand and Myanmar (Region 9), India (Region 10) and China (Region 11) characterized by long (29.57 ± 4.94 cm) and broad (2.18 ± 3.33 cm) flag leaves that are horizontal to drooping, long panicles (35.26 ± 2.63 cm) and green internodes. With 79.3 % of the SSR markers being polymorphic, molecular analyses detected an average of 5.31 alleles per marker with a total of 154 alleles. Differentiation was evident among the regions with FST = 0.2173, although there is an apparent loss of heterozygosity across regions indicated by an over-all positive FIS. Based on the results, issues related to the management of O. officinalis, specifically filling gaps in the collection and the formulation of seed multiplication practices are addressed.  相似文献   

Body condition and stage of seasonal anestrus interact to determine the ovulatory response after male biostimulation in anovulatory Criollo × Nubian goats          下载免费PDF全文

Hector R. Vera‐Avila  Jorge Urrutia‐Morales  Mario A. Espinosa‐Martinez  Hector G. Gamez‐Vazquez  Hector Jimenez‐Severiano  Eugenio Villagomez‐Amezcua 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(6):841-846

The effect of goat nutritional condition on the response to biostimulation with sexually active males during different stages of anestrus was determined. Fifty‐eight Criollo × Nubian females on high and low body mass index (BMI) diets were used. Each BMI group was divided into two for biostimulation with sexually active males during May (mid‐anestrus) or July (transition period). Ovulatory responses to biostimulation were characterized from serum progesterone, as well as the delay for response (first and second ovulations followed by a normal length luteal phase, O‐WNLP). The percentage of goats showing one O‐WNLP was greater in the high BMI group than in the low BMI group and greater during the transition period than in the mid‐anestrus. However, the interaction between factors revealed that the difference between BMI groups was only significant in the transition period and the difference between stages was only significant in goats with high BMI. Occurrence of a second O‐WNLP tended to be greater in the high BMI group than in the low BMI group. Response delay was shorter in the transition period than in mid‐anestrus. In conclusion, female nutritional status interacting with the stage of anestrus determined the ovulatory response to male biostimulation in crossbred Criollo goats.  相似文献   

Postharvest evaluation of natural coatings and antifungal agents to control <Emphasis Type="Italic">Botrytis cinerea</Emphasis> in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rosa</Emphasis> sp.     

Ismael Herrera-Romero  Carlos Ruales  Mario Caviedes  Antonio Leon-Reyes 《Phytoparasitica》2017,45(1):9-20

Botrytis cinerea is a fungal pathogen that limits rose production and commercialization worldwide. Therefore, we evaluated a novel postharvest treatment against Botrytis cinerea in roses (Rosa sp. cv Vendela) using coating bases and antifungal agents of natural origin. Aloe vera pulp, cassava starch and gelatin were used as coating bases. Oregano essential oil (Origanum vulgare), thyme essential oil (Thymus vulgaris) and chitosan were used as natural antifungal agents. The coating bases were evaluated in different concentrations to observe effects of toxicity and opening diameter in rose buds. Gelatin and cassava starch coatings inhibited rose opening and showed petal damage in all concentrations tested. However, Aloe vera pulp at 25% allowed normal buds’ opening and no damage was observed, indicating that Aloe vera could be an ideal coating base for rose postharvest treatments. During in vitro assays, natural antifungal agents efficiently inhibited Botrytis cinerea growth in the concentrations tested. Further, mixture treatments of Aloe vera pulp (25%) with oregano essential oil (1%), thyme essential oil (0.1%) and chitosan (0.1%) showed independently neither damage nor opening inhibition in rose buds. Selected combinations of Aloe vera pulp and natural antifungal agents were applied in roses infected with Botrytis cinerea to evaluate their control of this pathogen. Unfortunately, the selected combinations did not reduce pathogen growth during postharvest treatments since they were similar to untreated controls. Further research has to be performed to find ideal combinations with Aloe vera that could inhibit B. cinerea during postharvest treatments in roses.  相似文献   

A survey on tomato leaf grey spot in the two main production areas of Argentina led to the isolation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stemphylium lycopersici</Emphasis> representatives which were genetically diverse and differed in their virulence     

Mario Emilio Ernesto Franco  Maria Inés Troncozo  Silvina Marianela Yanil López  Gustavo Lucentini  Rocio Medina  Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat  Lía Blanca Ronco  Pedro Alberto Balatti 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(4):983-996

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Dust drift reduction effect of an air conveyor kit (dual‐pipe deflector) mounted on different maize pneumatic drills          下载免费PDF全文

Marco Manzone  Paolo Balsari  Paolo Marucco  Mario Tamagnone 《Pest management science》2017,73(3):528-533

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The effect of resident vegetation cover on abundance and diversity of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on olive trees     

Mario Porcel  B. Cotes  J. Castro  M. Campos 《Journal of pest science》2017,90(1):195-206

Understorey habitats are optimal ecological structures for natural enemy enhancement in fruit orchards. A large-scale experiment was carried out to establish the effect of resident vegetation cover (VC) on green lacewings as compared to bare soil, the dominant soil management strategy used in Spanish olive orchards. Lacewings were sampled using baited McPhail traps for adults, and suction was used to collect adults and larvae from olive canopies. Additionally, we monitored the presence of the lacewing’s main target pest, olive moth eggs, as well as VC composition and density. McPhail trapping showed higher Chrysopidae abundances in VC plots during two consecutive years even though flowering plants represented 29.7 % of the total. Multivariate analysis identified Chrysoperla carnea s.l. and Pseudomallada prasinus as contributing to differences in abundance. VC slightly increased capture diversity; however, no specific link between any Chrysopidae species and VC was detected. No differences were observed in individuals collected through suction in 2009, which could be attributed to low sampling efficiency. In 2010, when sampling was increased considerably, higher adult and larval abundances were recorded in VC only with respect to C. carnea s.l. A delay was detected between McPhail captures and suction collection peaks. The fact that VC promoted higher abundance detected earlier through trapping, and later on olive canopies through suction, coinciding with P. oleae presence, suggests that resident VC may contribute to a build-up of green lacewing populations moving onto the crop at the time of the pest attack.  相似文献