Effect of a bacterial inoculum and additive on dry matter in situ degradability of sugarcane silage     

José A Reyes-Gutiérrez  Oziel D Montaez-Valdez  Ramón Rodríguez-Macias  Mario Ruíz-López  Eduardo Salcedo-Pérez  Cándido E Guerra-Medina 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2015,(3):497-502

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding a bacterial inoculum and a handmade additive to sugarcane silage(SCS) on the in situ digestibility of dry matter(DM). The treatments were: T1) sugarcane silage(SCS) and T2) sugarcane silage with 1% inoculum and 1% additive(SCS+). The bacterial inoculum consisted of 10.0% molasses, 1.0% yogurt, 5.0% chicken manure, 0.5% urea, and 83.0% water, and the additive was formulated with 1.0% urea, 0.1% ammonium sulfate, and 0.25% phosphorus. In situ dry matter digestibility(DMD) was determined using the nylon bag technique with four cows equipped with ruminal fistulas. Cows were fed with ensiled sugarcane supplemented with 1 kg of commercial concentrate. 5 g of ground sample for each sugarcane treatment were weighted in nylon bags and incubated for 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in a completely randomized design with six replicates. The DMD(%) was higher(P<0.05) for SCS+ for all incubation times when compared with SCS. There were no differences in ruminal p H between the treatments for all the incubation times. The data suggested that the sugarcane silage with bacterial inoculum and additive could be an alternative for providing forage for ruminants during the season of low growth and quality grass.  相似文献   

Cancer epigenetics and methylation     

Esteller M  Fraga MF  Paz MF  Campo E  Colomer D  Novo FJ  Calasanz MJ  Galm O  Guo M  Benitez J  Herman JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5588):1807-8; discussion 1807-8

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Evolutionary formation of new centromeres in macaque     

Ventura M  Antonacci F  Cardone MF  Stanyon R  D'Addabbo P  Cellamare A  Sprague LJ  Eichler EE  Archidiacono N  Rocchi M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5822):243-246

A systematic fluorescence in situ hybridization comparison of macaque and human synteny organization disclosed five additional macaque evolutionary new centromeres (ENCs) for a total of nine ENCs. To understand the dynamics of ENC formation and progression, we compared the ENC of macaque chromosome 4 with the human orthologous region, at 6q24.3, that conserves the ancestral genomic organization. A 250-kilobase segment was extensively duplicated around the macaque centromere. These duplications were strictly intrachromosomal. Our results suggest that novel centromeres may trigger only local duplication activity and that the absence of genes in the seeding region may have been important in ENC maintenance and progression.  相似文献   

Tuber quality and soft rot resistance of hybrids betweenSolarium tuberosum and the incongruent wild relativeS. commersonii     

Domenico Carputo  Luigi Frusciante  Luigi Monti  Mario Parisi  Amalia Barone 《American Journal of Potato Research》2002,79(5):345-352

Tetraploid BC₃ hybrids between sexually incompatible speciesSolanum commersonii andS. tuberosum were characterized for tuber quality (stolon length, tuber eye depth, chipping color from 3-month storage at 5 C, and specific gravity) and soft rot resistance traits. For all analysed morphological traits, except stolon length, genotypes resembled theS. tuberosum phenotype. On average, the specific gravity of selected genotypes was quite high (1.087), and 12 of them had a value >1.090. As for chipprocessing ability, 4.8% of genotypes chipped well directly from cold storage, and 14.3% after reconditioning. All but one of these genotypes also possessed a high specific gravity of tubers. Variability was found for resistance toErwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora. In particular, 24% of hybrids had a rotted area diameter ≤ 4 mm and were classified as resistant. The average percentage ofcommersonii-specific markers still present in the BC₃ hybrids was 22%, ranging from 9% to 37%. Genotypes combining good qualitative tuber traits with a wild genome content lower than the average value of the population were selected for further breeding efforts. The importance of molecular-assisted selection is discussed.  相似文献   

Mycosporine-like amino acids: relevant secondary metabolites. Chemical and ecological aspects   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carreto JI  Carignan MO 《Marine drugs》2011,9(3):387-446

Taxonomically diverse marine, freshwater and terrestrial organisms have evolved the capacity to synthesize, accumulate and metabolize a variety of UV-absorbing substances called mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) as part of an overall strategy to diminish the direct and indirect damaging effects of environmental ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Whereas the enzymatic machinery to synthesize MAAs was probably inherited from cyanobacteria ancestors via the endosymbionts hypothesis, metazoans lack this biochemical pathway, but can acquire and metabolize these compounds by trophic transference, symbiotic or bacterial association. In this review we describe the structure and physicochemical properties of MAAs, including the recently discovered compounds and the modern methods used for their isolation and identification, updating previous reviews. On this basis, we review the metabolism and distribution of this unique class of metabolites among marine organism.  相似文献   

Conservation and use of genetic resources of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) by gene banks and nurseries in six Latin American countries     

Ceccarelli  Viviana  Lastra  Sphyros  Loor Sol&#;rzano  Rey Gast&#;n  Chac&#;n  Walter Wenceslao  Nolasco  Mario  Sotomayor Cantos  Ignacio Antonio  Plaza Avell&#;n  Luis Fernando  L&#;pez  Diana Aracelly  Fern&#;ndez Anchundia  Fabian Marcelo  Dessauw  Dominique  Orozco-Aguilar  Luis  Thomas  Evert 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(3):1283-1302

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is among the most important cash crops in tropical countries. The existing cacao genetic diversity represents a key resource to...  相似文献   

Impact of the hard-to-cook phenomenon on phenolic antioxidants in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)     

Machado CM  Ferruzzi MG  Nielsen SS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):3102-3110

Epidemiological studies have established a link between consumption of dry beans and lower incidence of degenerative diseases. This relationship is attributed in part to properties of natural antioxidants present in beans. The objective of this study was to determine if the hard-to-cook (HTC) phenomenon in beans had a negative effect on the content of free and bound phenolic antioxidants and antioxidant capacity. Folin-Ciocalteu, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and HPLC methods were used to quantify the content of phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity. Results showed that the HTC phenomenon did not equally affect the content and antioxidant capacity of phenolic acids in different bean cultivars. Black beans were most affected, the contents of free and acid hydrolyzable phenolic acids being reduced by 35 and 36%, respectively, and the antioxidant activity by 18 and 25%, respectively. This study showed that the HTC phenomenon affected a potential nutritive characteristic of dry beans.  相似文献   

Effects of Combined Chemical and Biological Treatments on the Degradability of Vulcanization Accelerators     

Giancarlo Ranalli  Claudia Belli  Giuseppe Lustrato  Luciano Pizzella  Lolita Liberatore  Mario Bressan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,192(1-4):199-209

An investigation was made into a novel system aimed at reducing the impact of highly polluting wastewaters, and based on the combined action of catalytic oxidation and microbial biotechnology. The experimental part incorporated the following three schemes: chemical treatment using Fenton’s reaction for a single process (stage 1); biological treatment only (stage 2); and chemical oxidation followed by biological treatment (stage 3). Wastewaters with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT; 7,200–7,400 mg O₂ l^?1) were oxidized by stoichiometric amounts of dilute hydrogen peroxide (35%) in the presence of water soluble iron catalysts, either Fe (II) or Fe (III), at concentrations up to 1% w/w and above. As a result, transformation by chemical means of recalcitrant organics to more easily attackable end-products occurs, that can subsequently undergo conventional or advanced (microflora and biomass dispersed or adhered) biological treatments, with 90% of chemical oxygen demand abatement and 95% of MBT.  相似文献   

Alleviation of salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhizal in zucchini plants grown at low and high phosphorus concentration     

Giuseppe Colla  Youssef Rouphael  Mariateresa Cardarelli  Monica Tullio  Carlos Mario Rivera  Elvira Rea 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(3):501-509

With the aim of determining whether the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation would give an advantage to overcome salinity problems and if the phosphorus (P) concentration can profoundly influence zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) plant responses to AM, a greenhouse experiment was carried out with AM (+AM) and non-AM (−AM). Plants were grown in sand culture with two levels of salinity (1 and 35 mM NaCl, giving electrical conductivity values of 1.8 and 5.0 dS m⁻¹) and P (0.3 and 1 mM P) concentrations. The percentages of marketable yield and shoot biomass reduction caused by salinity were significantly lower in the plants grown at 0.3 mM P, compared to those grown at 1 mM P. However, even at high P concentration, the absolute value of yield and shoot biomass of +AM zucchini plants grown under saline conditions was higher than those grown at low P concentration. The +AM plants under saline conditions had higher leaf chlorophyll content and relative water content than −AM. Mycorrhizal zucchini plants grown under saline conditions had a higher concentration of K and lower Na concentration in leaf tissue compared to −AM plants. The P content of zucchini leaf tissue was similar for +AM and −AM treatments at both low and high P concentrations in the saline nutrient solution. The beneficial effects of AM on zucchini plants could be due to an improvement in water and nutritional status (high K and low Na accumulation).  相似文献   

Induction of hypericins in Hypericum perforatum in response to chromium     

Tirillini B  Ricci A  Pintore G  Chessa M  Sighinolfi S 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(3):164-170

Seedlings of Hypericum perforatum were grown with 0.01 and 0.1 mM of chromium added to the nutrient media. A treatment with 0.01 mM Cr(VI) for seven days resulted in an increased production of protopseudohypericin (+135%), hypericin (+38%) and pseudohypericin (+5%). Treatment with 0.1 mM Cr(VI) for two days also caused an increase of protopseudohypericin (+167%), hypericin (25%) and pseudohypericin (+5%). The greatest effect of chromium treatment was observed at a concentration of 0.1 mM for seven days: protopseudohypericin increased +404% and pseudohypericin to +379%. Hypericin was not affected by this treatment.  相似文献