Alleviation of drought stress in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by co-inoculation with Paenibacillus polymyxa and Rhizobium tropici     

Mrcia V.B. Figueiredo  Hlio A. Burity  Cosme R. Martínez  Christopher P. Chanway 《Applied soil ecology》2008,40(1):182-188

A greenhouse experiment was performed to evaluate the influence of Rhizobium when co-inoculated with each of two Paenibacillus polymyxa strains, singly and in mixture on growth, nitrogen content, phytohormone levels and nodulation of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under three levels of drought stress. Stress was applied continuously by the control of matric potential (ψ_m) through a porous cup. Bean plants cv. Tenderlake were grown in pots with Fluvic Neosol eutrophic soil under three different ψ_m (S₁ −7.0; S₂ −70.0 and S₃ < −85 kPa). The seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium tropici (CIAT 899) and each of P. polymyxa (DSM 36) and P. polymyxa Loutit (L) singly and in mixture (CIAT 899 + DSM36 + Loutit). Co-inoculation of bean with Rhizobium and both Paenibacillus strains resulted increased plant growth, nitrogen content and nodulation compared to inoculation with Rhizobium alone. This was particularly evident at the most negative ψ_m (S₃ < −85 kPa) we used. Drought stress triggered a change in phytohormonal balance, including an increase in leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content, a small decline in indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA₃) and a sharp fall in zeatin content in bean leaves. The content of endogenous Cks decreased under water stress, possibly amplifying the response of shoots to increasing ABA content. We hypothesize that co-inoculation of bean with R. tropici (CIAT 899) and P. polymyxa strains (DSM 36) and Loutit (L) mitigates some of the negative effects of drought stress on bean.  相似文献   

Labile and stable pools of organic matter in soil amended with sewage sludge biochar     

Cícero Célio de Figueiredo  Walda Monteiro Farias  Bruno Araújo de Melo  Jhon Kenedy Moura Chagas  Ailton Teixeira Vale  Thais Rodrigues Coser 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(6):770-781

One of the main advantages of using biochar for agricultural purposes is its ability to store carbon (C) in soil for a long-term. Studies of labile and stable fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) may be a good indicator of the dynamics of biochar in soils. This study evaluated the effects of applying sewage sludge biochar (SSB) in combination with mineral fertilizer on fractions of SOM. To conduct this evaluation, 15 Mg ha^?1 of SSB combined or not with mineral fertilizer (NPK) was applied to the soil in two cropping seasons. Apart from total organic C (TOC), the labile and stable fractions of SOM were also determined. The combined use of SSB and NPK resulted in higher TOC, a 22% to 40% increase compared to the control and to the NPK treatments, respectively. The SSB produced at a lower temperature increased the labile fractions of SOM, especially the microbial biomass C, showing its capacity to supply nutrients in the short-term. The stable pools of SOM are increased after adding SSB produced at a higher temperature. It was concluded that pyrolysis temperature is a key-factor that determines the potential of SSB to accumulate C in labile and stable fractions of SOM.  相似文献   

Understanding the relations between soil organic matter fractions and N2O emissions in a long‐term integrated crop–livestock system     

Juliana Hiromi Sato  Cícero Clio de Figueiredo  Roblio Leandro Marcho  Alexsandra Duarte de Oliveira  Lourival Vilela  Francisco Marcos Delvico  Bruno Jos Rodrigues Alves  Arminda Moreira de Carvalho 《European Journal of Soil Science》2019,70(6):1183-1196

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Effect of Transglutaminase on Properties of Glutenin Macropolymer and Dough Rheology     

M. Eugenia Steffolani  Gabriela T. Prez  Pablo D. Ribotta  M. Cecilia Puppo  Alberto Edel Len 《Cereal Chemistry》2008,85(1):39-43

The effect of transglutaminase (TG) on glutenin macropolymer (GMP) properties could help to understand changes in bread quality. The aim of the present study was to analyze modifications in GMP and dough properties caused by TG addition. Transglutaminase introduced cross‐links to gluten proteins, mainly high molecular weight glutenins. This effect modified the protein structure and markedly increased dough strength. These changes in the structure of glutenins increased SDS solubility and decreased GMP content and GMP storage modulus. However, TG increased GMP particle size, notably at higher doses. TG affected rheological characteristics of dough in that increasing TG doses decreased tan δ, and increased G'. In all the studies conducted, the TG increased GMP polymer size, but contrary to what was expected, this increase did not involve an increase in GMP content. These results confirmed the effect of TG on dough quality and the great differences found with different TG doses.  相似文献   

Soil Organic Carbon,Total Nitrogen,and Soil pH,in a Long-Term Continuous Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Experiment     

Jagmandeep Dhillon  Mariana Ramos Del Corso  Bruno Figueiredo  Eva Nambi  William Raun 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(7):803-813

Continuous use of organic and inorganic fertilizers influences soil physical and chemical properties. Stored samples from the last 24 years of the Magruder Plots were analyzed to document changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and soil pH. Since 1947, the same six treatments have been evaluated. Treatments included the use of cattle manure, inorganic nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and lime (L). Each year, a composite surface soil sample (0–15 cm) was taken in each plot, air-dried at ambient temperature, ground to pass a 2 mm sieve, and stored at room temperature, 25°C. Averaged over 24 years’ the manure plots resulted in the highest SOC and TN. Manure application maintained SOC at 0.92 and adequate soil pH (>6.0). The use of commercial fertilizers lowered soil pH over time but had higher yields compared to the manure plot.  相似文献   

Energy and protein requirements of weaned male and female Saanen goats          下载免费PDF全文

F. O. M. Figueiredo  R. F. Leite  N. R. St‐Pierre  K. T. Resende  A. K. Almeida  A. P. Souza  I. A. M. A. Teixeira 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(5):1014-1025

The objective of this research was to estimate the energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth in male (castrated and intact) and female Saanen goat kids between 15 and 30 kg BW. To determine the net energy requirements for maintenance (NE_m) and the net protein requirements for maintenance (NP_m), 75 goats (25 castrated and 26 intact males and 24 females) were used. Twenty‐one goats (seven castrated and eight intact males and six females) were randomly assigned for slaughter to estimate the initial empty body composition. The 54 remaining animals (18 castrated and 18 intact males and 18 females) were randomly assigned in a split‐plot design using a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three sexes and three levels of intake (ad libitum and restricted feed to 75% or 50% of the ad libitum intake). Within each sex, six blocks (three goats per block) were formed and one goat was randomly assigned to each level of intake. The 75% and the 50% of ad libitum rationing were determined daily, based on the DMI of the animal fed ad libitum on the previous day. All animals within block were slaughtered when the animal fed ad libitum reached 30 kg BW. The net energy requirements for gain (NE_g) and the net protein requirements for gain (NP_g) were obtained using 58 animals (20 castrated and 20 intact males and 18 females). The animals were fed ad libitum and slaughtered at targeted BW (15, 23 or 30 kg). Sex did not affect NE_g and NP_m (277.8 kJ/kg^0.75 BW day and 2.98 g CP/kg^0.75 BW day respectively), as well as NP_g (180.9 ± 6.48 g/kg EBW gain) in Saanen goat kids. However, castrated males and females had similar NE_g (varied from 12.6 ± 0.424 to 17.9 ± 1.38 MJ/kg EBW gain), greater than intact males (varied from 9.74 ± 0.420 to 10.7 ± 0.984 MJ/kg EBW gain), as the BW increased from 15 to 30 kg.  相似文献   

Evaluation of drum cavity size and planter tip on singulation and plant emergence in maize (Zea mays L.)     

J. S. Dhillon  B. Figueiredo  L. Aula  T. Lynch  R. K. Taylor  W. R. Raun 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(20):2829-2840

Thirty million hectares of maize (Zea mays L.) in the developing world are planted and harvested by hand. Indigenous planting encumbers placing two to three seeds per hill and this results in uneven spacing and decreased yields. Oklahoma State University (OSU) built a new hand planter to deliver single seeds with each strike (singulation). This planter includes a range in cavity sizes so as to accommodate different seeds. At all sites, the OSU internal drum resulted in similar emergence as the checks were planted by hand, and a John Deere vacuum planter. Developing world maize producers can use the OSU hand planter with drum “450S” if seeds are in the 2500–4000 seeds/kg range using a conventional metal tip. This planter also removes the chemically treated seed from producer's hands, reduces health risks, and serves as a mid-season fertilizer applicator.  相似文献   

Genotyping of Streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from fish,human and cattle and their virulence potential in Nile tilapia     

U.P. Pereira  G.F. Mian  I.C.M. Oliveira  L.C. Benchetrit  G.M. Costa  H.C.P. Figueiredo 《Veterinary microbiology》2010,140(1-2):186-192

Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B; GBS) is a pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis in fish, mastitis in cows, and neonatal sepsis in humans. The objective of this study was to characterize S. agalactiae isolated from fish (n = 27), cows (n = 9), and humans (n = 10) using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and to investigate the virulence of the identified strains in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The PFGE types were determined by dendogram analyses and the in vivo virulence was evaluated by experimental infection (using i.p. and immersion routes) of Nile tilapia. Among the fish strains, 5 different PFGE patterns were observed and 21 strains showed the same genetic pattern. In some farms two or three profiles occurred simultaneously. The bovine and human strains exhibited high genetic diversity and few relationships were established among S. agalactiae strains from the three host origins analyzed. Eight S. agalactiae strains from fish caused high mortality of Nile tilapia. Three bovine strains infected Nile tilapia (by i.p. route) and two of those strains caused clinical signs of meningoencephalitis. All human strains (n = 5) infected Nile tilapia (by i.p. route) and meningoencephalitis was induced by one strain (by both i.p. and immersion routes). In conclusion, the analyzed strains from the three natural hosts did not show genetic relatedness, yet some of the bovine and human strains were able to infect fish and cause meningoencephalitis. We suggest that genetic linkage is not a prerequisite for S. agalactiae to cross the host-specific barrier.  相似文献   

Effect of Feeding Pellets on the Prevention and Sanitation of Salmonella Infections in Fattening Pigs1     

W. Edel  M. van Schothorst  P. A. M. Guine  E. H. Kampelmacher 《Zoonoses and public health》1970,17(7):730-738

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Interaction of parasitism and nutrition in goats: effects on haematological parameters, correlations, and other statistical associations.     

H D Blackburn  J L Rocha  E P Figueiredo  M E Berne  L S Vieira  A R Cavalcante  J S Rosa 《Veterinary parasitology》1992,44(3-4):183-197

Weaned wether goats (n = 144) approximately 6 months of age were placed in a 2 x 3 factorial experiment to test the effects and interaction of two levels of nutrition (growth+maintenance, NUT1; and twice growth+maintenance, NUT2) and three levels of Haemonchus contortus burden (0, 500, and 2000 larvae administered every 2 weeks; W0, W500, and W2000, respectively) on packed cell volume, red blood cell count, total serum protein and leukocytes. The statistical analysis revealed clear and proportionate differences among levels of infection for all variables. A significant (P < 0.05) nutritional effect was also found associated with all the variables except leukocytes. Nutrition by worm load interactions were found for packed cell volume and leukocytes. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was higher in the NUT1-infected animals, leading to the nutrition by worm load interaction for leukocytes. An analysis for the different leukocyte types revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences among infection levels for lymphocytes, while nutrition level was found to be a significant effect for basophil count and immature white cells. Several significant correlations were observed between pairs of variables. Faecal egg output could be predicted from actual worm count in three of the four necropsy periods. The clear differences observed for blood parameters were not present in production traits, suggesting that physiological thresholds may play an important role in framing the metabolic activity of biological organisms. Total serum protein was the best indicator of these effects on production parameters.  相似文献