Epidemiology of heartwater in Guadeloupe and in the Caribbean   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

E Camus  N Barré 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1987,54(3):419-426

At present, heartwater in the Caribbean is known with certainty only on Guadeloupe, Marie Galante and Antigua; the first 2 islands are widely infected. The most important factors responsible for particular aspects of heartwater in Guadeloupe are: Cowdria ruminantium of high virulence. A very resistant cattle population (Creole), not normally clinically affected. A fairly susceptible goat population (Creole) (22% goats born in endemic areas die after experimental inoculation) which, fortunately, includes breeding lines with inherited resistance characteristics. Amblyomma variegatum which is present all over the island and all through the year, but with a low infection rate (1-2% of adult ticks are infected) because of the short period of rickettsemia in infected animals. The low rate of tick infection results in a low endemicity of the disease. For goats, the epidemiologic situation can be regarded as unstable because the low rate of infection in ticks does not allow a natural immunization of the majority of young kids when they still have a non-specific resistance. The possible evolution of heartwater in the Caribbean and in the United States in considered.  相似文献   

Cardiovascular effects of submaximal aerobic training on a treadmill in Standardbred horses, using a standardized exercise test   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W M Bayly  A A Gabel  S A Barr 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(4):544-553

Seven healthy, unexercised, previously trained, adult Standardbred horses were allotted to 2 groups and trained 78 days on a treadmill set at a 7 degree 30' angle. The groups were trained on different schedules, and the effects of training on heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, arteriovenous oxygen difference, systemic blood pressure, and venous lactic acid were determined. Measurements were made at rest, during exercise on the treadmill at rates of 55 m/min, 75 m/min, 100 m/min, and 154 m/min, and at 5 minutes after exercise (standardized exercise test). Heart rate and cardiac output decreased during the training period. Significantly slower heart rates were observed at 55 m/min by day 8, at 100 m/min and 154 m/min by day 36, at 1 minute after exercise by day 57, and at 5 minutes after exercise by day 78 (P less than 0.05). Stroke volume increased with exercise, but not significantly. The arteriovenous oxygen difference increased significantly (P less than 0.05) with each increase in work load. There was no significant increase with training, although an upward trend was recorded. Mean systemic blood pressure did not differ from resting with treadmill rates of 55 m/min, 75 m/min, or 100 m/min. It was greater at 154 m/min, although this was not significant. During exercise, the total peripheral resistance decreased to as little as 30% of its resting value. After exercise, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures and peripheral resistance increased. Marked increases in blood volume and blood viscosity during exercise were closely related to the decrease in peripheral resistance. There was no significant effect of training on blood pressure. Venous lactic acid concentrations at rest were greater than those of the horses on the treadmill at rates of 55 m/min, 75 m/min, and 100 m/min and at 5 minutes after exercise on days 1, 8, and 15. Subsequently, they were not different from resting values. Differences in the effects of the different training programs could not be detected.  相似文献   

Ammonia toxicity in cattle. I. Rumen and blood changes associated with toxicity and treatment methods.     

E E Bartley  A D Davidovich  G W Barr  G W Griffel  A D Dayton  C W Deyoe  R M Bechtle 《Journal of animal science》1976,43(4):835-841

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An association between complete and incomplete stress fractures of the humerus in racehorses.     

S M Stover  B J Johnson  B M Daft  D H Read  M Anderson  B C Barr  H Kinde  J Moore  J Stoltz  A A Ardans 《Equine veterinary journal》1992,24(4):260-263

Twenty-one horses had a complete unilateral humeral fracture during race training or racing at a California racetrack during the period 24 February 1990 to 10 July 1991. Fractures occurred approximately equally in left and right limbs, and in males and females. Most fractures occurred during training, and in 2- and 3-year-old horses. Only 5 of 16 Thoroughbred horses with known racing records had previously raced more than once, and their mean time between races was less than the time between their last race and fracture (P = 0.07). Ten of 13 humeri studied further had gross evidence of periosteal callus bridging one portion of the fracture line, indicative of a pre-existing stress fracture.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of heartwater in the live animal: experiences with goats in Guadeloupe     

E Camus  N Barré 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1987,54(3):291-294

A presumptive diagnosis of heartwater in the living animal can be based on clinical and epidemiologic observations. In Guadeloupe, heartwater can be confused with haemonchosis in goats or cerebral babesiosis in cattle. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis by brain biopsy is useful in experimental infections but is hardly applicable in the field. Positive results were obtained from 92% of animals 16 to 18 days after experimental infection. In febrile animals the best results were obtained between the 3rd and 6th days of the thermal response. Diagnosis can also be supported by serological tests. These are useful for monitoring experimental infections and for checking recovered animals in the field. Nineteen goats out of 27 were negative on Day 1 of the febrile reaction but positive a week later. The remaining 8 goats were positive on Day 1 and had greatly increased antibody titres a week later. Confirmation of a diagnosis can also be achieved by subinoculating into susceptible animals either blood or suspensions of ticks collected from suspect animals and then homogenized. Ticks that have engorged on a suspect animal can be allowed to moult and then fed on a susceptible animal to test their infectivity. These methods are time consuming but useful for heartwater surveys.  相似文献   

HYPERCALCEMIC NEPHROPATHY IN THREE DOGS: SONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE     

Frances J.  Barr  MA VetMB  Mark W.  Patteson  MA  Vetmb  Vanda M.  Lucke  BVSc  PHD  Christine  Gibbs  BVSc  PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1989,30(4):169-173

Persistent hypercalcemia in the dog is most commonly seen as a paraneoplastic syndrome or in association with widespread osteolytic lesions. In high concentrations calcium is a potent nephrotoxin and may cause severe and irreversible renal damage. The ultrasonographic changes in the kidneys of three dogs with hypercalcernic nephropathy are described'and compared with the changes described in the same human condition. It is suggested that ultrasound could be a useful technique for evaluation of the severity of renal damage and the potential return of renal function in such instances.  相似文献   

Evaluation of auditory evoked potentials to predict depth of anaesthesia during fentanyl/fluanisone−midazolam anaesthesia in rats     

LM Antunes MSc  DVM    JV Roughan BSc  PhD  & PA Flecknell MA  Vet MB  PhD  DLAS  Dip ECVA 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(4):196-203

Objectives To assess a method for monitoring depth of anaesthesia using components of middle latency auditory evoked potential (AEP) waveforms during anaesthesia with fentanyl/fluanisone and midazolam. Study design Prospective observational study. Animals Five female Wistar rats weighing between 210 and 250 g. Methods Implanted electrodes were used to record AEPs in animals receiving five doses of anaesthetic. Recordings were made at 5 minutes post‐injection (deep anaesthesia; no pedal withdrawal response, PWR) and then at 25 minutes (light anaesthesia; strong PWR). Responses showed five characteristic peaks occurring at 11, 14, 23, 42 and 68 ms that were measured for latency of occurrence and peak amplitude. Results Auditory evoked potential peaks P14, N23 and P42 were increased significantly in latency with successive anaesthetic injections [avg. F(1,4) = 12.53, p < 0.001; avg. F(1,4) = 10.6, p < 0.001; avg. F(1,4) = 3.9, p = 0.02, respectively]. Peak N23 showed a significant reduction in latency during the 20 minute recovery period following both the first and second anaesthetic injections (t(3) = 7.52, p = 0.005; t(4) = 5.17, p = 0.007, respectively). Peak P42 occurred significantly earlier 20 minutes following the second anaesthetic injection (t(4) = 4.75, p = 0.009). The mean overall depth of anaesthesia assessed using PWR scores was significantly correlated with the mean latency of peak N23, such that as the strength of PWR increased, N23 occurred significantly earlier (r = ?0.99, p = 0.01). The amplitude difference between peaks N23 and P42 increased after the second and third drug administrations [avg. F(1,4) = 10.65, p = 0.031 and avg. F(1,4) = 11.24, p = 0.028, respectively]. Conclusion The characteristics of these peaks, and in particular latency of peak N23, may provide a useful tool for assessing depth of anaesthesia produced by this, and possibly other anaesthetic agents.  相似文献   

Cervical and Thoracic Vertebral Malformation ("Weak Neck") in Colombia Lambs     

Jeffrey Lakritz  Bradd C. Barr  Lisle W. George  Erik R. Wisner  John S. Glenn  Nancy E. East  Roy R. Pool 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1995,9(6):393-398

The purpose of this study is to describe a developmental defect of the caudal cervical and cranial thoracic vertebrae in 11 purebred Colombia lambs. The lambs were either affected at birth, or developed the condition within the first 18 days of age. Cervicothoracic kyphosis, with a compensatory cervical lordosis and ataxia were common; 8 lambs had abnormal head posture, characterized by inability to lift the head from the ground. One lamb had rigid head and neck, and had to move the entire body to look to the left or right. Neurological signs included ataxia, tetraparesis, diminished conscious proprioception, and increased patellar and triceps reflexes. One lamb had inspiratory stridor because of compression of the trachea in the area overlying the abnormal vertebrae (cervical vertebrae 6 [C6] and 7 [C7]). Radiographic and pathological abnormalities included malalignment and malarticulation of the caudal cervical and cranial thoracic spine, rounded cranioventral margins in the bodies of vertebrae C7 and T1, wedging of the intervertebral disc spaces between C6 and T1 vertebrae, and hypoplasia of the dens. Pathological changes in the soft tissues included hypoplasia of the cervical epaxial and hypaxial musculature, with associated focal areas of myodegeneration. Mild Wallerian axonal degeneration, compatible with a mild cord compression syndrome, was found in 3 lambs in the cervicothoracic spinal cord adjacent to the vertebral anomalies. The concentrations of copper and selenium in blood, plasma, or tissues were normal in 10 of 11 lambs. All but one of the lambs in which pedigree information was provided were genetically related. Siblings born as twins to 5 of the affected lambs were normal, but both lambs from one twin pregnancy were affected. Owners reported that breeding stock had been shared among the ranches. Because of the close familial relationships of the affected lambs, the condition is suspected to have a hereditary basis.  相似文献   

Long incomplete longitudinal fractures of the third metacarpal and metatarsal bone in horses     

A R Barr  B Sridhar  H R Denny 《The Veterinary record》1989,124(22):580-582

Five horses with long incomplete longitudinal fractures of the third metacarpal bone and three horses with similar fractures of the third metatarsal bone were examined. In three of the metacarpal fractures a long incomplete fissure extended proximomedially, in association with the more common lateral condylar fracture of the third metacarpal bone, and in the other two cases the fracture originated from the medial aspect of the distal articular surface. In the three horses with fractures of the third metatarsal bone the fractures had a consistent spiral configuration.  相似文献   

Neosporosis in a young dog presenting with dermatitis and neuromuscular signs     

Boyd SP  Barr PA  Brooks HW  Orr JP 《The Journal of small animal practice》2005,46(2):85-88

A 16-week-old, male boxer dog developed multifocal nodular dermatitis followed by rapidly progressive and fatal neuromuscular disease. Protozoal tachyzoites were demonstrated by aspiration and biopsy of dermal lesions. Necropsy and histology revealed necrotising inflammation associated with intralesional protozoal organisms in various organs including the brain, heart, skeletal muscle and skin. Serology suggested active infection with Neospora caninum. Immunohistochemistry provided a definitive diagnosis. Dermatitis is a finding rarely associated with juvenile neosporosis. The possible role of immunosuppression is discussed.  相似文献