Neosporosis in a young dog presenting with dermatitis and neuromuscular signs     

Boyd SP  Barr PA  Brooks HW  Orr JP 《The Journal of small animal practice》2005,46(2):85-88

A 16-week-old, male boxer dog developed multifocal nodular dermatitis followed by rapidly progressive and fatal neuromuscular disease. Protozoal tachyzoites were demonstrated by aspiration and biopsy of dermal lesions. Necropsy and histology revealed necrotising inflammation associated with intralesional protozoal organisms in various organs including the brain, heart, skeletal muscle and skin. Serology suggested active infection with Neospora caninum. Immunohistochemistry provided a definitive diagnosis. Dermatitis is a finding rarely associated with juvenile neosporosis. The possible role of immunosuppression is discussed.  相似文献   

Autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in North America     

Schantz PM  Steurer FJ  Duprey ZH  Kurpel KP  Barr SC  Jackson JE  Breitschwerdt EB  Levy MG  Fox JC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(8):1316-1322

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Evaluation of prognostic factors, survival rates, and treatment protocols for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs: 151 cases (1993-2002)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Weinkle TK  Center SA  Randolph JF  Warner KL  Barr SC  Erb HN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(11):1869-1880

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prognostic factors, survival, and treatment protocols for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 151 dogs with IMHA not associated with underlying infectious or neoplastic disease. PROCEDURE: lnformation recorded from review of medical records included signalment at the time of initial evaluation; vaccination history; 30-, 60-, and 365-day follow-up outcomes; laboratory data; results of imaging studies; and necropsy findings. Dogs were grouped according to the presence of spherocytes, autoagglutination, a regenerative erythrocyte response, and treatments received (azathioprine, azathioprine plus ultralow-dose aspirin, azathioprine plus mixed-molecular-weight heparin [mHEP], or azathioprine plus ultralow-dose aspirin plus mHEP) for comparisons. All dogs received glucocorticoids. RESULTS: Cocker Spaniels, Miniature Schnauzers, neutered dogs, and female dogs were overrepresented. Alterations in certain clinicopathologic variables were associated with increased mortality rate. Rates of survival following treatment with azathioprine, azathioprine plus ultralow-dose aspirin, azathioprine plus mHEP, and azathioprine plus ultralow-dose aspirin plus mHEP were 74%, 88%, 23%, and 70%, respectively, at hospital discharge; 57%, 82%, 17%, and 67%, respectively, at 30 days; and 45%, 69%, 17%, and 64%, respectively, at 1 year. In comparison, mean survival rates at discharge and at 30 days and 1 year after evaluation collated from 7 published reviews of canine IMHA were 57%, 58%, and 34%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment with a combination of glucocorticoids, azathioprine, and ultralow-dose aspirin significantly improved short- and long-term survival in dogs with IMHA.  相似文献   

Important emerging bacterial zoonotic infections affecting the immunocompromised     

Trevejo RT  Barr MC  Robinson RA 《Veterinary research》2005,36(3):493-506

The immunocompromised are at particular risk for infection with zoonotic diseases. Persons can be temporarily immunocompromised due to pregnancy or developmental stage (i.e. infants); longer-term or permanent states of immunosuppression can occur as a result of immunosuppressive treatment following cancer or organ transplant, or from infectious diseases, such as AIDS. The focus of this review article is on emerging bacterial zoonotic diseases that are of particular concern among the immunocompromised. Factors that affect disease emergence can include factors such as human demographics and behavior; technology and industry; economic development and land use; international travel and commerce; microbial adaptation and change; and breakdown of public health measures. The immunocompromised need to take precautions when engaging in seemingly normal activities such as food preparation; caring for companion animals; and recreational or occupational activities. The immunocompromised are not only more susceptible to infection, but often suffer more serious sequelae as a result of infection. This review article provides an overview of the major foodborne, respiratory, and vector-borne bacterial pathogens that affect the immunocompromised. The major categories of immunodeficiency are described. In addition, measures that can be taken to prevent infection, including the role of health education, are discussed.  相似文献   

Serologic responses of dogs given a commercial vaccine against Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and Leptospira kirschneri serovar grippotyphosa     

Barr SC  McDonough PL  Scipioni-Ball RL  Starr JK 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(10):1780-1784

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate serum titers obtained by use of the microscopic agglutination test (ie, MAT titers) to Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and autumnalis and Leptospira kirschneri serovar grippotyphosa in dogs given a commercial vaccine against serovars pomona and grippotyphosa. ANIMALS: Forty 12-week-old puppies and 20 mature Beagles. PROCEDURE: Puppies received a commercial vaccine against serovars pomona and grippotyphosa at 12 weeks of age, then received a booster vaccine and 3 weeks later; mature dogs received the vaccine once. Serum MAT titers to serovars pomona, autumnalis, and grippotyphosa were measured before vaccination and at 2, 4, 6, 10, and 16 weeks after the first or only vaccination. RESULTS: Of the 40 puppies vaccinated, 40, 0, and 40 developed MAT titers of > 100 after vaccination to serovars pomona, grippotyphosa, and autumnalis, respectively. Microscopic agglutination test titers to serovar autumnalis were higher than MAT titers to serovars pomona and grippotyphosa and persisted in some dogs for 16 weeks (6 weeks longer than for titers to serovar pomona). Of the 20 mature dogs, 13, 5, and 20 developed MAT titers of > 100 at 2 weeks to serovars pomona, grippotyphosa, and autumnalis, respectively. Titers to serovar pomona were higher and persisted in some dogs beyond 16 weeks after vaccination, compared with titers to serovars pomona and grippotyphosa, which persisted for 10 and 6 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Subunit vaccines against serovars pomona and grippotyphosa induce MAT titers not only to homologous antigens but also to serovar autumnalis, which could lead to a misdiagnosis of leptospirosis caused by serovar autumnalis.  相似文献   

A bovine respiratory virus vaccination trial   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J R Thomson  P F Nettleton  A Greig  J Barr 《The Veterinary record》1986,119(18):450-453

A respiratory virus vaccination trial was carried out in a commercial calf-rearing unit with a history of virus pneumonia. The effects of vaccination on the incidence of virus respiratory disease and growth rate were assessed. Forty-four bought-in calves were allocated to groups and treated as follows: A, unvaccinated controls; B, intranasal temperature-sensitive infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccine at three and 10 weeks; C, intranasal temperature-sensitive combined IBR and parainfluenza-3 (PI3) vaccine at three and 10 weeks; D, intranasal temperature-sensitive combined IBR and PI3 vaccine at three and 10 weeks plus live attenuated bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) virus vaccine intramuscularly at seven, 10 and 16 weeks. Two outbreaks of virus pneumonia occurred, one at three to four months of age associated with BRS virus and the other at four to five months of age with PI3 virus. During these outbreaks the incidence of pneumonia was lower and the number of days of elevated temperature and the number of treatments were significantly less in groups vaccinated against the associated virus. Despite these findings there were no significant differences between the growth rates of the groups either during the outbreaks of virus pneumonia or during the 10 month period to slaughter.  相似文献   

Letter to the Editor     

Urs Giger.  Vicki N. Meyers-Wallen.  Donald F. Patterson  Kennett Square. PA  AIvin F. Weber  Shirley D. Johnston  Lance C. Buoen.  St. Paul 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1989,3(4):245-245

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Dermatophilus congolensis bovine dermatophilosis in the French West Indies. III. A comparison between infected and non-infected cattle     

G Matheron  N Barré  F Roger  B Rogez  D Martinez  C Sheikboudou 《Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux》1989,42(3):331-347

The determination of the distinctive features between infected and uninfected cattle by Dermatophilus has been performed among 93 bovine stock in La Martinique, and 120 in La Guadeloupe and Saint-Martin Islands. Nearly half of the herds had been or were infected. Morbidity rates reach 33 per cent in La Martinique and 29 per cent in La Guadeloupe with a mortality ratio of 15 per cent and 5 per cent respectively. No frequency difference could be observed with respect to the season or the geographical area. Similarly, differences are little or nil as regards animal exposure toward aggressive factors such as sun, soil moisture, thorns, etc. On the other hand, the presence of Amblyomma variegatum is a determining factor considering the prevailing situation in La Martinique, where all breeds of cattle are sensitive to the disease. In this case, 63 per cent of the tick infested cattle develops dermatophilosis versus 2.5 per cent for the still uninfected animals. Conversely, in La Guadeloupe were Creole zebus are highly resistant (as a consequence of their natural selection), only 27 per cent of the infected stock suffers from this illness. In these two islands, regular dipping measures have proved to be beneficial in that it reduces the disease frequency. The study also reveals an underlying typology of the various rearing systems, thus allowing their classification as for their behaviour and response when meeting illness. In La Martinique, whatever they may be, quite none of them is infected in the tick free area. In the tick infested zones, the traditional small breeders rearing a sensitive cattle and who do not care with prophylactic rules, are mostly stricken, while more structured ones have succeeded in controlling the disease, owning to some appropriate measures together with a fair animal management. On the other hand, in La Guadeloupe where this tick is cosmopolitan, the small breeders who run a resistant Creole cattle, are not concerned, despite a rudimentary prophylactic behaviour. Conversely, the intensive rearing system, based upon improved imported breeds, meets great difficulties to master the infection.  相似文献   

Biochemical evaluation of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes in canine skeletal muscle     

Wakshlag JJ  Cooper BJ  Wakshlag RR  Kallfelz FA  Barr SC  Nydam DV  Dimauro S 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(4):480-484

OBJECTIVE: To perform respiratory chain enzymatic activity assays on canine skeletal muscle biopsy specimens and establish reference range values of skeletal muscle enzyme activities for dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Biopsy specimens from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained from 24 dogs (8 sexually intact males and 14 sexually intact females) ranging from 15 months to 6 years of age. PROCEDURE: Mean values of citrate synthase, cytochrome-c oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase-cytochrome-c reductase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase, and NADH dehydrogenase-cytochrome-c reductase activities were established by use of 6 standard spectrophotometric assays for respiratory chain enzyme analysis. RESULTS: Compared with published data for skeletal muscle enzyme activities in humans, skeletal muscle enzyme activities in dogs were 2- to 4-fold higher. Additionally, citrate synthase activity, a marker for mitochondrial volume, was positively correlated with age in dogs, suggesting that mitochondrial volume increases with age, although no apparent change in respiratory chain enzymatic activity with an increase in age was found. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reference range values for skeletal muscle enzyme activities of dogs are needed to accurately interpret results of respiratory chain enzymatic activity assays. During investigation of metabolic myopathies, if skeletal muscle biopsy specimens are evaluated for respiratory chain enzyme kinetics, they should be performed and evaluated in concert with skeletal muscle biopsy specimens from clinically normal animals of the same species.  相似文献   

Thoracic high-resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma     

Johnson VS  Ramsey IK  Thompson H  Cave TA  Barr FJ  Rudorf H  Williams A  Sullivan M 《The Journal of small animal practice》2004,45(3):134-143

Three dogs were presented for investigation of recurrent pyrexia of unknown origin, chronic vomiting and respiratory distress, respectively. One dog was markedly underweight and the other two were cachexic. Physical examination and initial diagnostic tests failed to establish the underlying cause of the presenting signs. Thoracic radiographs were within normal limits for the age of the dog. In each case there was a high index of suspicion for an occult neoplastic process in view of the profound unexplained weight loss present. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax was performed. The lung fields were divided into three zones for analysis and a novel classification scheme was used to describe the HRCT findings in each zone. Postmortem examination and histopathology confirmed the presence of an infiltrating metastatic carcinoma in all three cases. The HRCT changes correlated closely with the pathological findings. The authors conclude that HRCT of the lung should be considered for pulmonary metastatic screening in the dog and introduce a classification system for HRCT findings, based on terminology used in human medicine.  相似文献