Molecular epidemiological studies of veterinary arboviral encephalitides     

Weaver SC  Powers AM  Brault AC  Barrett AD 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1999,157(2):123-138

Recent studies using molecular genetic approaches have made important contributions to our understanding of the epidemiology of veterinary arboviral encephalitides. Viruses utilizing avian enzootic hosts, such as Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) and North American Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), evolve as relatively few, highly conserved genotypes that extend over wide geographic regions; viruses utilizing mammalian hosts with more limited dispersal evolve within multiple genotypes, each geographically restricted. Similar findings have been reported for Australian alphaviruses. This difference may be related to vertebrate host relationships and the relative mobility of mammals and avians. Whereas EEEV and Venezualan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) utilize small mammalian hosts in the tropics, most WEEV genotypes probably utilize avian hosts in both North and South America. The ability of mobile, infected avian hosts to disperse alphaviruses may result in continual mixing of virus populations, and thus limit diversification. This high degree of genetic conservation is also exhibited by EEE and Highlands J viruses in North America, where passerine birds serve as amplifying hosts in enzootic transmission foci. Most equine arboviral pathogens, including EEEV, WEEV and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), occur in a naturally virulent enzootic state and require only appropriate ecological conditions to cause epizootics and epidemics. However, VEE epizootics apparently require genetic changes to convert avirulent enzootic strains into distinct epizootic serotypes. All of these arboviruses have the potential to cause severe disease of veterinary and human health importance, and further molecular epidemiological studies will undoubtedly improve our ability to understand and control future emergence.  相似文献   

Serological characterisation of Haemophilus parasuis isolates from Australian pigs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PJ BLACKALL  VJ RAPP-GABRIELSO†  DJ HAMPSON‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(3):93-95

A total of 31 isolates of Haemophilus parasuis obtained from Australian pigs were serotyped by the Kielstein-Rapp-Gabrielson scheme. The isolates were assigned to serovar 1 (1 isolate), serovar 2 (1 isolate), serovar 4 (4 isolates), serovar 5 (7 isolates), serovar 9 (2 isolates), serovar 10/7 (4 isolates), serovar 12 (1 isolate) and serovar 13 (6 isolates). The remaining 5 isolates could not be assigned to a serovar. Two different serovars (5 and 13) were detected in one herd. The only 2 isolates obtained from clinically normal pigs (from the same herd) were serovar 9. The common serovars were isolated from pigs with pneumonia as well as from pigs with conditions of the Glässer's disease type. The serological heterogeneity amongst Australian isolates of H parasuis has important implications for the use of vaccines to control Glässer's disease.  相似文献   

Rings versus knife for docking and castration of lambs     

DJ MELLOR  RJ HOLMES † 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(12):403-404

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A serological survey to determine the prevalence of infection with Treponema hyodysenteriae in Western Australia     

JRL MHOMA  DJ HAMPSON  ID ROBERTSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(4):81-84

A serological survey to detect antibody titres against Treponema hyodysenteriae was conducted on pigs from 106 herds in Western Australia. Titres indicating a positive result in the tests were determined by examining 400 sera from 4 herds known to be free of swine dysentery, and sera from immunised or experimentally infected pigs. Samples of serum from 40 bacon-weight pigs from each of the 106 herds were then collected at 2 abattoirs. Each serum was tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) against the lipopolysaccharide of T hyodysenteriae of serogroups A, B and E, respectively. To assist in evaluating the test, 19 herds were resampled and retested, and faecal samples from 17 herds were cultured for T hyodysenteriae. Thirty-five of the 106 herds (33%) had serological evidence of infection when only one batch of sera from each herd was tested. The ELISA to detect T hyodysenteriae infection in herds using 40 sera was estimated as having a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 81.8% based on the owners' opinion of their herds disease status. Prevalence of infection within herds ranged from 2.5% to 47.5%, with a mean of 18%.  相似文献   

Chronic renal failure and urolithlasis in a 2-years-old colt     

EC SADLER  DJ WITT 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(10):262-262

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Growth promotants in cattle in Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

GJ SAWYER  DJ BARKER 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(4):101-108

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The prevalence of intestinal spirochaetes in poultry flocks in Western Australia     

AJ McLAREN  DJ HAMPSON  SL WYLIE 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(4):319-321

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Diagnosis of lumbosacral intervertebral disc disease and protrusion in a horse using ultrasonographic evaluation and computed tomography          下载免费PDF全文

C. R. Krueger  J. Gold  M. F. Barrett  T. A. Aboellail 《Equine Veterinary Education》2016,28(12):685-689

This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging modalities, treatment and post mortem evaluation of lumbosacral intervertebral disc protrusion in a mature Quarter Horse gelding 10 days after initial signs were noted. Grade 3 hindlimb ataxia, conscious proprioceptive deficits, urinary and faecal incontinence were present, which did not improve with anti‐inflammatories, antimicrobial therapy, corticosteroids, antioxidant therapy, cold‐laser therapy or electroacupuncture. Imaging modalities utilised ante mortem were computed radiography, transcutaneous and transrectal ultrasonography. Transrectal ultrasonography yielded findings highly suggestive of lumbosacral intervertebral disc protrusion and due to the lack of improvement and a poor prognosis, the horse was humanely subjected to euthanasia. Post mortem computed tomography, necropsy and histopathological evaluation confirmed lumbosacral intervertebral disc disease and protrusion into the spinal canal with subsequent impingement of the spinal nerve roots. Lumbosacral intervertebral disc protrusion as a clinical disease in the horse has not been previously described and should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases with acute hindlimb ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, and urinary and faecal incontinence.  相似文献   

Effect of an Otic Milbemycin Oxime Formulation on Tegastes acroporanus Infesting Corals     

Barrett L. Christie  Janis A. Raines 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2016,28(4):235-239

The copepod Tegastes acroporanus is a notorious pest of captive corals in the genus Acropora. In recent years, infestations of T. acroporanus have become widespread among public aquaria and coral propagation facilities and have been largely controlled with the extra-label use of milbemycin oxime formulations (Carl 2008). Many of these drug formulations (which were intended for dogs) have been discontinued by their manufacturers in favor of multidrug products, many of which are unsuitable for corals, forcing experimentation with alternatives. This report provides the first data on populations of T. acroporanus treated with milbemycin oxime and documents the first known use of an otic solution, MilbeMite Otic (Novartis Animal Health U.S., Greensboro, North Carolina), against copepods on live corals. MilbeMite Otic was found to be soluble in seawater and successful at eradicating T. acroporanus in a large exhibit over the course of 6-h waterborne baths (n = 12) at 0.167 µg/L. The resident population of T. acroporanus was also quantified before each treatment to provide the first estimates of coral parasite burden in response to the application of a waterborne chemotherapeutic agent.

Received November 19, 2015; accepted June 7, 2016 Published online October 24, 2016  相似文献   

Retrospective evaluation of the use of glucagon infusion as adjunctive therapy for hypoglycemia in dogs: 9 cases (2005–2014)          下载免费PDF全文

Kristen Datte DVM  Julien Guillaumin Doct Vet  DACVECC  DECVECC  Susan Barrett DVM  Andrea Monnig DVM  DACVECC  Edward Cooper VMD  MS  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(6):775-781

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