Utilization of polar metabolite profiling in the comparison of juvenile wood and compression wood in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yeh TF  Morris CR  Goldfarb B  Chang HM  Kadla JF 《Tree physiology》2006,26(11):1497-1503

Juvenile wood (JW) of conifers is often associated with compression wood (CW), with which it is sometimes believed to be identical. To determine whether JW and CW can be distinguished metabolically, we compared gas chromatographic profiles of 25 polar metabolites from rooted cuttings of a single loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) clone raised in controlled environment chambers and subject to three treatments: (1) grown erect with minimal wind sway (control); (2) swayed by wind from oscillating fans; and (3) with 30-cm growth increments successively bent at an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical. Profiles were compared by principal component analysis. Substantial increases in abundances of coniferin and p-glucocoumaryl alcohol separated immature JW-forming xylem tissues of the control trees from the CW-forming xylem of the bent and swayed trees.  相似文献   

Protein electrophoresis in cranes with presumed insect bite     

Hartup BK  Schroeder CA 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(2):226-230

BACKGROUND: Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) has emerged as a potentially valuable diagnostic tool in avian medicine; yet, there is limited information regarding SPE in cranes. Since 2000, 20 cases of unilateral periocular or facial soft tissue swelling, blepharitis, feather loss, and ocular or nasal discharge attributed to insect bite hypersensitivity were observed in cranes from a captive breeding center. SPE may be useful for evaluating these lesions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the inflammatory response in cranes with hypersensitivity reactions using SPE. METHODS: Serum samples from 7 cranes diagnosed with hypersensitivity reactions were submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for agarose gel electrophoresis. Results were compared to those in control serum samples obtained from the same cranes during routine physical examination, when they were clinically healthy. RESULTS: Total protein and a- and g-globulin concentrations were significantly increased and albumin/globulin ratios were significantly decreased in serum samples from cranes with hypersensitivity lesions compared with control samples. CONCLUSIONS: Using SPE, we documented changes in protein fraction concentrations in cranes with clinical signs of hypersensitivity. The increase in alpha- and gamma-globulin concentrations suggested inflammation and antigenic stimulation, consistent with a Type I hypersensitivity reaction.  相似文献   

Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure     

David Auty  Aaron R. Weiskittel  Alexis Achim  John R. Moore  Barry A. Gardiner 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(1):93-104

• Context   

The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities.  相似文献   

The crystal structure of TAL effector PthXo1 bound to its DNA target     

Mak AN  Bradley P  Cernadas RA  Bogdanove AJ  Stoddard BL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6069):716-719

DNA recognition by TAL effectors is mediated by tandem repeats, each 33 to 35 residues in length, that specify nucleotides via unique repeat-variable diresidues (RVDs). The crystal structure of PthXo1 bound to its DNA target was determined by high-throughput computational structure prediction and validated by heavy-atom derivatization. Each repeat forms a left-handed, two-helix bundle that presents an RVD-containing loop to the DNA. The repeats self-associate to form a right-handed superhelix wrapped around the DNA major groove. The first RVD residue forms a stabilizing contact with the protein backbone, while the second makes a base-specific contact to the DNA sense strand. Two degenerate amino-terminal repeats also interact with the DNA. Containing several RVDs and noncanonical associations, the structure illustrates the basis of TAL effector-DNA recognition.  相似文献   

Effects of stem girdling on cone yield and endogenous phytohormones and metabolites in developing long shoots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)     

Lisheng Kong  Patrick von Aderkas  Stacey J. Owen  Barry Jaquish  Jack Woods  Suzanne R. Abrams 《New Forests》2012,43(4):491-503

Stem-girdling treatments were applied in early spring to stimulate cone formation in two genotypes of interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco). After girdling treatments, male cone yield increased significantly in the next growing season. The increase was 14-fold in genotype 9137. In genotype 9550, more than 8,700 male cones were induced from each tree whereas no male cones were found in controls. Female cone yield was zero in controls and low for girdled trees in both genotypes. Multiple phytohormone-related compounds, including gibberellins (GAs), cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and their selected metabolites, were analyzed in developing long shoots after girdling treatments by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC?CESI?CMS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Concentrations of GA₄ were slightly higher at week 2 following girdling treatment, whereas at week 8 lower GA₄ concentrations were found in girdled samples. Stem girdling did not affect concentrations of IAA and major cytokinins, such as zeatin riboside and isopentenyl adenosine. Concentrations of ABA differed two-fold between the genotypes. Although girdling treatment did not cause differences in ABA concentrations, it generally resulted in higher concentrations of ABA glucose ester. Concentration increase of 7??-hydroxy ABA by girdling was only found in genotype 9550 at week 8. Girdling caused little change in concentrations of phaseic acid in both genotypes.  相似文献   

Intracardiac foreign body in a dog     

Nicole C. Sereda DVM  Simon Towl DVM  Herbert W. Maisenbacher III VMD  Mark S. Bleweis MD  Julie K. Levy DVM  Barry J. Byrne MD  Gary W. Ellison DVM  Andre Shih DVM  Alastair R. Coomer BVSc  Amara H. Estrada DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2009,11(1):53-58

A dog that was referred to the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Center was discovered to have a bamboo skewer within the right atrium and right ventricle, traversing the tricuspid valve. The skewer was ingested approximately four months prior to referral and was partially removed via gastrotomy. The presenting complaint at the time of referral included coagulopathy, anemia and leukocytosis. A linear, hyperechoic structure was identified in the right heart during an echocardiogram. The foreign body was suspected to be a portion of the skewer that the patient had previously ingested. Cardiopulmonary bypass was performed and the foreign body was removed successfully. Complications following surgery included the development of tricuspid valve and ventricular wall thrombi, atrial flutter and amiodarone toxicity. Many indications have been described in the veterinary literature for cardiopulmonary bypass. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, successful removal of an intracardiac foreign body with cardiopulmonary bypass has not been reported in a veterinary patient. This represents a new indication for cardiopulmonary bypass in veterinary medicine.  相似文献   

Decline and likely extinction of a northern Australian native rodent, the Brush-tailed Rabbit-rat Conilurus penicillatus     

Ronald S.C. Firth  Barry W. Brook  Damien A. Fordham 《Biological conservation》2010,143(5):1193-1201

Contemporary fire patterns are considered the most likely cause for regional population decline amongst small to medium mammals in northern tropical Australia. Here we assess the extinction risk faced by a vulnerable north Australian native rodent, the Brush-tailed Rabbit-rat Conilurus penicillatus in relation to fire frequency. This species has recently suffered a significant contraction in range. We provide the first quantitative evidence to demonstrate the immediate threat destructive wildfires and regular annual fire pose to the long-term population persistence of C. penicillatus. We show that late-dry season fires cause a reduction in both juvenile and adult survival probabilities. However, abundance declined at the unburnt as well as a frequently burnt site, suggesting that fire exclusion alone does not guarantee the species’ long-term persistence. Our model projections indicate that the remaining populations of C. penicillatus on the Northern Territory mainland risk extirpation within the next ten years. Conservation requires decisive management action to ameliorate extensive and destructive fires. A multi-faceted management plan needs to focus on restoring a fire management regime which generates a fine-scale mosaic of burnt and unburnt habitat, and the release of captive bred animals into fenced reserves free of exotic predators.  相似文献   

A Challenge for All: Successfully Transferring Wealth and Management on Family Ranches     

Barry H. Dunn 《Herpetological Monographs》2009,31(2):2-3

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Chemical precursors for studying the effects of glucosinolate catabolites on diseases and pests of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) or related plants     

Glenn W. Dawson  Kevin J. Doughty  Alastair J. Hick  John A. Pickett  Barry J. Pye  Lesley E. Smart  Lester J. Wadhams 《Pest management science》1993,39(4):271-278

A range of 3, 5-disubstituted 1,3, 5-thiadiazinane-2-thiones are described which decompose in moist air to give organic isothiocyanates. Organic isothiocyanates are the main biologically active catabolites from the glucosinolate components of crucifers. The thiadiazinanethiones provide a source of organic isothiocyanates for biological studies and examples of tests with pathogens and insect pests of oilseed rape are given.  相似文献   

Age, geographic, and temporal distribution of fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in cow-calf herds     

Atwill ER  Johnson E  Klingborg DJ  Veserat GM  Markegard G  Jensen WA  Pratt DW  Delmas RE  George HA  Forero LC  Philips RL  Barry SJ  McDougald NK  Gildersleeve RR  Frost WE 《American journal of veterinary research》1999,60(4):420-425

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum from California cow-calf herds with respect to age, geographic region, temporal effects, and association with watery feces. ANIMALS: Cows and calves from 38 beef cow-calf operations. PROCEDURE: Fecal specimens were collected and examined for C parvum oocysts, using immunofluorescent microscopy. Associations between age, geographic region, month of collection, watery feces, and likelihood of shedding C parvum were evaluated. RESULTS: 3.9% of cattle were shedding C parvum oocysts. Prevalence of shedding among calves ranged from 0 to 13%, and was 0.6% among cattle > or = 12 months old. The odds of shedding C parvum among 2-month-old calves were 41 times greater than among cattle > 4 months old. The odds of shedding C parvum among cattle tested in May were 8.7 times greater than among cattle tested during June, July, or August. The odds of infected individuals having watery feces were 3 to 4 times greater than for noninfected individuals, but the etiologic fraction was only 8 to 9%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Substantial fecal shedding of C parvum by cow-calf herds was limited to calves 1 to 4 months old, with low prevalence detected in older animals. Risk of contamination of watersheds with C parvum was limited to those periods when young calves were in the herd. Although the odds of having watery feces were greater for animals infected with C parvum than for noninfected animals, the low etiologic fraction suggests that most calves with watery feces were not infected with C parvum.  相似文献