THE PROPOSED BIOLOGICAL STATION AT THE TORTUGAS     

Davenport CB  Bigelow RP  Barton BW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1903,17(441):945-947

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Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic field test kit for identification of Phytophthora species, including P. ramorum and P. kernoviae at the point of inspection     

C. R. Lane  E. Hobden  L. Walker  V. C. Barton  A. J. Inman  K. J. D. Hughes  H. Swan  A. Colyer  I. Barker 《Plant pathology》2007,56(5):828-835

Plant health regulations to prevent the introduction and spread of Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae require rapid, cost effective diagnostic methods for screening large numbers of plant samples at the time of inspection. Current on-site techniques require expensive equipment, considerable expertise and are not suited for plant health inspectors. Therefore, an extensive evaluation of a commercially available lateral flow device (LFD) for Phytophthora species was performed involving four separate trials and 634 samples. The assay proved simple to use, provided results in a few minutes and on every occasion a control line reacted positively confirming the validity of the test. LFD results were compared with those from testing a parallel sample, using laboratory methods (isolation and real-time PCR). The diagnostic sensitivity of the LFD (87·6%) compared favourably with the standard laboratory methods although the diagnostic specificity was not as stringent (82·9%). There were a small number ( n  = 28) of false negatives, but for statutory purposes where all positive samples must be identified to species level by laboratory testing, overall efficiency was 95·6% as compared with visual assessment of symptoms of between 20-30% for P. ramorum and P. kernoviae . This work demonstrates the value of the LFD for diagnosing Phytophthora species at the time of inspection and as a useful primary screen for selecting samples for laboratory testing to determine the species identification.  相似文献   

Arizona pine (Pinus arizonica) stand dynamics: local and regional factors in a fire-prone madrean gallery forest of Southeast Arizona,USA     

Barton  Andrew M.  Swetnam  Thomas W.  Baisan  Christopher H. 《Landscape Ecology》2001,16(4):351-369

In southwestern North America, large-scale climate patterns appear to exert control on moisture availability, fire occurrence, and tree demography, raising the compelling possibility of regional synchronization of forest dynamics. Such regional signals may be obscured, however, by local, site-specific factors, such as disturbance history and land use. Contiguous sites with similar physical environments, lower and middle Rhyolite Canyon, Arizona, USA, shared nearly the same fire history from 1660-1801, but then diverged. For the next 50 years, fires continued to occur frequently in lower Rhyolite, but, probably as result of flood-induced debris deposition, largely ceased in middle Rhyolite. We related stand dynamics of Arizona pine (Pinus arizonica) to fire history and drought severity and compared the dynamics in the two sites before and after the divergence in fire frequency. Fires occurred during unusually dry years, and possibly following unusually moist years. Arizona pine exhibited three age structure peaks: two (1810–1830 and 1870–1900) shared by the two sites and one (1610–1640) only in middle Rhyolite. The latter two peaks occurred during periods of unusually low fire frequency, suggesting that fire-induced mortality shapes age structure. Evidence was mixed for the role of favorable moisture availability in age structure. As expected, moisture availability had a prominent positive effect on radial growth, but the effect of fire was largely neutral. The two sites differed only moderately in stand dynamics during the period of divergence, exhibiting subtle age structure contrasts and, in middle Rhyolite only, reduced growth during a 50-year fire hiatus followed by fire-induced release. These results suggest that, despite local differences in disturbance history, forest responses to regional fire and climate processes can persist.  相似文献   

Polymyxin B protects horses against induced endotoxaemia in vivo     

Barton MH  Parviainen A  Norton N 《Equine veterinary journal》2004,36(5):397-401

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: A safe, affordable and effective treatment for endotoxaemia in horses is needed in order to reduce the incidence of this potentially fatal condition. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of polymyxin B (PMB) on signs of experimentally-induced endotoxaemia. HYPOTHESIS: PMB ameliorates the adverse effects of endotoxaemia without causing nephrotoxicity. METHODS: Four groups of 6 healthy mature horses each received 20 ng endotoxin/kg bwt i.v. over 30 mins. Additionally, each group received one of the following i.v.; 5000 u PMB/kg bwt 30 mins before endotoxin infusion; 5000 u PMB/kg bwt 30 mins after endotoxin infusion; 1000 u PMB/kg bwt 30 mins prior to endotoxin infusion; or saline. Clinical response data and samples were collected to determine neutrophil count, serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF) activity, plasma thromboxane B2 concentration and urine gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) to creatinine ratio. RESULTS: Treatment with PMB before or after administration of endotoxin significantly reduced fever, tachycardia and serum TNF, compared to horses receiving saline. The differences in response to endotoxin were greatest between horses that received saline vs. those that received 5000 u PMB/kg bwt prior to endotoxin. Urine GGT:creatinine did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study indicates that PMB may be a safe and effective treatment of endotoxaemia, even when administered after onset. Although nephrotoxicity was not demonstrated with this model, caution should be exercised when using PMB in azotaemic patients.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli and enterococci associated with pigs in Australia     

Hart WS  Heuzenroeder MW  Barton MD 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2004,51(5):216-221

The major influences on the amplification and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are the therapeutic use of antibiotics in human medicine and their use in livestock for therapy, prophylaxis and growth promotion. The use of veterinary antibiotics has many benefits to the livestock industries ensuring animal health and welfare, but use at subtherapeutic levels also exerts great selective pressure on emergence of resistant bacteria. The possible effect on human health is a problem of current debate. This study involved sampling pig carcasses, pig meat and assessing the level of resistance in zoonotic enteric bacteria of concern to human health. In South Australian pigs, thermophilic Campylobacter species showed widespread resistance (60-100%) to tylosin, erythromycin, lincomycin, ampicillin and tetracycline. No resistance was seen to ciprofloxacin. The enterococci demonstrated little resistance (0-30%) to vancomycin or virginiamycin, but the overall results from the antibiotic sensitivity testing of the enterococci have demonstrated how widespread their resistance has become. Escherichia coli strains showed widespread resistance to tetracycline and moderately common resistance (30-60%) to ampicillin and sulphadiazine. Resistance to more than one antibiotic was common. Pigs from New South Wales were also sampled and differences in resistance patterns were noted, perhaps reflecting different antibiotic use regimens in that state.  相似文献   

Popliteal lymph node aspirate from a dog with a maxillary mass     

Johnson MC  Thomas J  Barton C  Nasarre C  Lewis B 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2000,29(1):13-15

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Uroperitoneum in the hospitalised equine neonate: retrospective study of 31 cases, 1988-1997     

Kablack KA  Embertson RM  Bernard WV  Bramlage LR  Hance S  Reimer JM  Barton MH 《Equine veterinary journal》2000,32(6):505-508

Historical, physical and diagnostic data were reviewed retrospectively in 31 equine neonates with uroperitoneum. Gender predilection was not observed, and classic electrolyte abnormalities were seen in less than 50% of the cases. Aetiologies for uroperitoneum have been well described, but this review found that septicaemia/severe illness played a crucial role the outcome of uroperitoneum. Approximately half the individuals with uroperitoneum had positive sepsis scores. Foals receiving fluid therapy were more likely to be septic and to have normal electrolyte concentrations. Ultrasonographic findings, serum creatinine and serum:peritoneal creatinine ratios were not affected by previous fluid therapy and were invaluable aids in the diagnosis of uroperitoneum, even with multisystemic disease such as sepsis.  相似文献   

Ethical question on food animal practitioner treating mange — A comment     

Florence Barton 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(6):513

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Transendoscopic Laser Surgery to Correct Nasopharyngeal Obstruction Caused by Head Flexion in Horses     

Ann Kristin Barton DVM  Diplomate ECEIM  Anja Cehak DVM  Diplomate ECEIM  Karl Rohn DVM  Bernhard Ohnesorge Prof.  DVM  Diplomate ECEIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(4):418-424

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Efficacy of cyclo‐oxygenase inhibition by two commercially available firocoxib products in horses     

M. H. Barton  E. Paske  N. Norton  D. King  S. Giguère  S. Budsberg 《Equine veterinary journal》2014,46(1):72-75

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