Review of oral rehydration solutions for horses with diarrhoea     

P. ECKE  DR HODGSON  RJ ROSE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(6):417-420

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Eimeria alabamensis and Eimeria brasiliensis in cattle in northern Queensland     

RJ PARKER 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(11):365-366

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Photosensitisation and crystal-associated cholangiohepatopathy in sheep grazing Brachiaria decumbens     

RJ GRAYDON †  H. HAMID  P. ZAHARI  C. GARDINER† 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(7):234-236

Two outbreaks of photosensitivity and jaundice in sheep grazing the grass, Brachiaria decumbens. In West Java in 1983 and 1983 and 1990 are described. Aggregates of acicular clefts and crystals were present in bile canaliculi, bile ducts, Kupffer cells, hepatocytes and in kidney tubules. The number of crystals increased with the length of exposure to the plant and sheep that died had the largest accumulations. These crystalline structures have been reported before in this syndrome, but are similar to those seen in Tribulus terrestris and Panicum spp toxicities.  相似文献   

Desflurane vapor pressure depression     

RJ Brosnan  BH Pypendop 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(4):1-2

Due to its high vapor pressure and low boiling point, desflurane requires a specially designed, electronically controlled, temperature and pressure compensated vaporizer to regulate agent delivery to the anesthetic circuit. However, if the vapor pressure and boiling point were decreased, desflurane could be used in any conventional variable bypass vaporizer. Raoult's Law states that the vapor pressure of a liquid is proportional to its molar fraction in a solution. Accordingly, propylene glycol was used as a solvent for desflurane, and the physical characteristics of this mixture were evaluated at various molar concentrations and temperatures. Desflurane boiling point increased and vapor pressure decreased as a nonlinear function of dilution, but these changes were less than predicted by Raoult's Law. Using a circle system with a breathing bag attached at the patient end and a mechanical ventilator to simulate respiration, an in‐circuit, nonprecision vaporizer containing 40% desflurane and 60% propylene glycol achieved a 11.5 ± 1.0% (mean ± SD) circuit desflurane concentration with a 5.2 ± 0.4 (0 = off, 10 = maximum) vaporizer setting. This experiment was repeated with a dog attached to the breathing circuit under spontaneous ventilation with a fresh gas flow of 0.5 L min^–1. Anesthesia was maintained for over two hours at a mean vaporizer setting of 6.2 ± 0.4, yielding mean inspired and end‐tidal desflurane concentrations of 8.7 ± 0.5% and 7.9 ± 0.7%, respectively. Within 5 minutes after cessation of anesthesia, the dog was awake, extubated and standing. In clinical practice, propylene glycol may not prove an ideal solvent for desflurane due to its instability in solution and substantial positive deviation from Raoult's Law. However, rather than alter the vaporizer to suit physical properties of anesthetic agents, this study demonstrates that it may also be possible to alter anesthetic agents to suit physical properties of the vaporizer.  相似文献   

Concurrent profiling of indole-3-acetic acid,abscisic acid,and cytokinins and structurally related purines by high-performance-liquid-chromatography tandem electrospray mass spectrometry     

Scott C Farrow  RJ Neil Emery 《Plant methods》2012,8(1):1-18

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Enhancement of cation diffusion rates across the 410-kilometer discontinuity in Earth's mantle     

S Chakraborty  R Knoche  H Schulze  DC Rubie  D Dobson  NL Ross  RJ Angel 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5400):362-365

Rates of cation diffusion (magnesium, iron, and nickel) have been determined in olivine and its high-pressure polymorph, wadsleyite, at 9 to 15 gigapascals and 1100 degrees to 1400 degreesC for compositions that are relevant to Earth's mantle. Diffusion in olivine becomes strongly dependent on composition at high pressure. In wadsleyite, diffusion is one to two orders of magnitude faster than in olivine, depending on temperature. Homogenization of mantle heterogeneities (chemical mixing) and mineral transformations involving a magnesium-iron exchange will therefore occur considerably faster in the transition zone than at depths of less than 410 kilometers.  相似文献   

Suspected malignant hyperthermia in a horse anaesthetized with halothane     

DC Williams  RJ Brosnan  MR Aleman  RA LeCouteur  A Imai  EP Steffey 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2002,29(2):91-91

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Induced massive star formation in the trifid nebula?     

J Cernicharo  B Lefloch  P Cox  D Cesarsky  C Esteban  F Yusef-Zadeh  DI Mendez  J Acosta-Pulido  Garcia Lopez RJ  A Heras 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5388):462-465

The Trifid nebula is a young (10(5) years) galactic HII region where several protostellar sources have been detected with the infrared space observatory. The sources are massive (17 to 60 solar masses) and are associated with molecular gas condensations at the edges or inside the nebula. They appear to be in an early evolutionary stage and may represent the most recent generation of stars in the Trifid. These sources range from dense, apparently still inactive cores to more evolved sources, undergoing violent mass ejection episodes, including a source that powers an optical jet. These observations suggest that the protostellar sources may have evolved by induced star formation in the Trifid nebula.  相似文献   

Hydrogen radicals, nitrogen radicals, and the production of O3 in the upper troposphere     

PO Wennberg  TF Hanisco  L Jaegle  DJ Jacob  EJ Hintsa  EJ Lanzendorf  JG Anderson  R Gao  ER Keim  SG Donnelly  LAD Negro  DW Fahey  SA McKeen  RJ Salawitch  CR Webster  RD May  RL Herman  MH Proffitt  JJ Margitan  EL Atlas  SM Schauffler  F Flocke  CT McElroy  TP Bui 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5347):49-53

The concentrations of the hydrogen radicals OH and HO2 in the middle and upper troposphere were measured simultaneously with those of NO, O3, CO, H2O, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons, and with the ultraviolet and visible radiation field. The data allow a direct examination of the processes that produce O3 in this region of the atmosphere. Comparison of the measured concentrations of OH and HO2 with calculations based on their production from water vapor, ozone, and methane demonstrate that these sources are insufficient to explain the observed radical concentrations in the upper troposphere. The photolysis of carbonyl and peroxide compounds transported to this region from the lower troposphere may provide the source of HOx required to sustain the measured abundances of these radical species. The mechanism by which NO affects the production of O3 is also illustrated by the measurements. In the upper tropospheric air masses sampled, the production rate for ozone (determined from the measured concentrations of HO2 and NO) is calculated to be about 1 part per billion by volume each day. This production rate is faster than previously thought and implies that anthropogenic activities that add NO to the upper troposphere, such as biomass burning and aviation, will lead to production of more O3 than expected.  相似文献   

In situ observations of a high-pressure phase of H2O Ice     

IM Chou  JG Blank  AF Goncharov  H Mao  RJ Hemley 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5378):809-812

A previously unknown solid phase of H2O has been identified by its peculiar growth patterns, distinct pressure-temperature melting relations, and vibrational Raman spectra. Morphologies of ice crystals and their pressure-temperature melting relations were directly observed in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell for H2O bulk densities between 1203 and 1257 kilograms per cubic meter at temperatures between -10 degrees and 50 degreesC. Under these conditions, four different ice forms were observed to melt: two stable phases, ice V and ice VI, and two metastable phases, ice IV and the new ice phase. The Raman spectra and crystal morphology are consistent with a disordered anisotropic structure with some similarities to ice VI.  相似文献