Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus: A review     

M. Bashir  Z. Ahmad  A. Ghafoor 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):155-168

Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (CABMV) is a cosmopolitan, economically significant seed-borne virus of cowpea. It can cause a yield loss of 13 - 87% under field conditions depending upon crop susceptibility, virus strain and the environmental conditions. CABMV has spread world-wide through the exchange of virus-infected germplasm material. The virus-infected seed provides the initial inoculum and aphids are responsible for the secondary spread of the disease under field conditions. The virus symptoms vary with the cowpea genotype and virus strain. Excellent sources of resistance are available for the breeding of resistant cultivars. Resistance in cowpea is conferred by either a dominant or a recessive gene. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most appropriate method for the detection of the virus in the seed or plant tissue for seed certification programmes. Production of virus-free seed is another control option. Given the significance of the disease and the large area under cowpea cultivation in the world, we review knowledge of various aspects of the disease.  相似文献   

Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review     

Khan Sharun  Kuldeep Dhama  Ruchi Tiwari  Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo  Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo  Shailesh Kumar Patel  Mamta Pathak  Kumaragurubaran Karthik  Sandip Kumar Khurana  Rahul Singh  Bhavani Puvvala  Amarpal  Rajendra Singh  Karam Pal Singh  Wanpen Chaicumpa 《The Veterinary quarterly》2021,41(1):107

Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease. This underlines the significance of early and rapid identification/detection of etiological agents at the farm level, for which several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Therapeutic regimens such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, stem cell therapy, native secretory factors, nutritional, dry cow and lactation therapy, genetic selection, herbs, and nanoparticle technology-based therapy have been evaluated for their efficacy in the treatment of mastitis. Even though several strategies have been developed over the years for the purpose of managing both clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis, all of them lacked the efficacy to eliminate the associated etiological agent when used as a monotherapy. Further, research has to be directed towards the development of new therapeutic agents/techniques that can both replace conventional techniques and also solve the problem of emerging antibiotic resistance. The objective of the present review is to describe the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in brief along with an extensive discussion on the advances in the treatment and management of mastitis, which would help safeguard the health of dairy animals.  相似文献   

Organic and inorganic fertilization influenced on yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes     

Irshad Ahmad  Bashir Ahmad  Shahzad Ali  Han Qing Fang  Tiening Liu  Muhammad Kamran  Yang Wu  Mati Ur Rahman  Shah Faisal 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(3-4):218-223

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore a field trial was carried out at New Developmental Farm of The University Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during winter 2012–13. The field experiment was layout in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications. Fertilizers treatments (control, higo organic plus (composted manure, it contains N 2%, P 3%, K 3%, organic matter 40%, organic carbon 11%, Zn 145 mg kg^–1, Cu 56 mg kg^–1, Fe 380 mg kg^–1 and Mg 228 mg kg^–1), maxicrop sea gold (extract of sea weeds i.e., Sargasssum, Laminara Polysaccharide and Ascophyllum Nodosum), farm yard manure, NP (90: 60 kg ha^–1), NP (120: 90 kg ha^–1) and NP (150: 120 kg ha^–1) were allotted to main plots while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) to the sub plots. Farm yard manure (10 t ha^–1) and higo organic Plus (5 t ha^–1) was incorporated in the soil before seed bed preparation. Maxicrop sea gold (5 lit ha^–1) was sprayed after the emergence of the crop. All phosphorus was applied @ of 60, 90 and 120 kg ha^–1 at the time of sowing while nitrogen @ of 90, 120 and 150 kg ha^–1 in two splits/3 of the dose was applied at the time of sowing while the remaing 1/3 of the dose was applied before earthen up. Plots treated with application of NP ratio 120: 90 kg ha^–1 produced maximum beet yield (76.4 t ha^–1), sugar yield (11.1 t ha^–1), Pol (polarizable sugar) percentage (14.67%) and more economic return (Rs.234 Thousand ha^–1) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly produced maximum beet yield (55.5 t ha^–1), sugar yield (7.9 t ha^–1), pol (polarizable sugar) percentage (14.60%), brix percentage (14.60%) and more economic return (158) as compared to other genotypes. It was concluded from the above results that sugar beet genotype Serenada treated with NP ratio 120: 90 kg ha^–1 for improved sugar beet productivity and quality therefore it is recommended for general practice in agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley.  相似文献   

Soil metal pollution as a function of traffic density and distance from road in emerging cities: a case study of Abeokuta,southwestern Nigeria     

Jamiu O. Azeez  Samuel A. Mesele  Bashir O. Sarumi  John A. Ogundele    Adenike O. Hassan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):275-295

The distribution of Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Mn in the soil, and related soil properties was studied in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria. Their soil pollution source was hypothesized to be automobile traffic. Consequently, their variations were assessed as a function of traffic density, distance from road and traffic, and soil depth. Soil samples were collected from the areas of high, medium, and low traffic densities at 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 m from roadside; at depths 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm. The potential effects of these metals on environment and agricultural activities were also assessed. Results indicated that the major sources for the metals’ contamination are emissions from vehicles. High and medium traffic volume impacted more metals of the soils. Zinc, Cu, Cd, and Cr were concentrated at depths 0–40 cm, Pb, Ni, and Mn were concentrated at 0–20 cm and appeared bound to soil organic matter (SOM). Significantly lower concentrations of metals are found at distances of 100 m and beyond. Concentrations of these metals are generally low compared with standards and their uptake by crops is not probable. However, their continuous accumulation might be a threat in the future.  相似文献   

Anthelmintic and antimicrobial activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Euphorbia helioscopia L.     

Bashir A. Lone  Suhaib A. Bandh  Mohammad Zahoor Chishti  Fayaz Ahmad Bhat  Hidayatullah Tak  Humeera Nisa 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(3):743-749

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic and antimicrobial efficacy of Euphorbia helioscopia crude extracts. A worm motility inhibition assay and egg hatch assay were used for in vitro study, and a faecal egg count reduction assay was used for in vivo study. The in vitro study revealed anthelmintic effects of crude methanolic extracts of E. helioscopia on live Haemonchus contortus worms as evident from their paralysis and/or death at 8 h after exposure. Different concentrations (12.5 mg?ml^?1, 25 mg?ml^?1 and 50 mg?ml^?1) of aqueous and methanolic extracts were used against H. contortus which exhibited dose-dependent anthelmintic effects on H. contortus. Different extracts of E. helioscopia on percent inhibitory egg hatching was very low as compared to levamisole. The antimicrobial activity of extracts ranging from 100 to 500 mg?ml^?1 screened by disc diffusion method against four selected bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas multocida and Escherichia coli) and two fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans) was also dose dependent with the extract showing more inhibitory effects against S. aureus and E. coli and a minimum inhibitory effect against A. flavus. It is concluded that the entire plant of E. helioscopia possesses significant anthelmintic and antimicrobial activity and could be a potential alternative for treating cases of helminth infections in ruminants.  相似文献   

Comparative efficacy of Ovaprim and hMG (menotropin) to induce breeding in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)     

Ameer  Muhammad Wajahat  Jabeen  Farhat  Asad  Muhammad  Kaukab  Ghazala  Bashir  Amnah  Rasheed  Misha  Younis  Hafsa  Munir  Naveed  Nawaz  Javaria  Zainab  Rida  Akram  Muhammad 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2021,47(5):1559-1564

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry - The applications of exogenous hormones in different species for the induction of oocyte production, final oocyte maturation (FOM), and spawning for their...  相似文献   

Iron Uptake and Loading into Rice Grains   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Khurram Bashir  Yasuhiro Ishimaru  Naoko K. Nishizawa 《Rice》2010,3(2-3):122-130

Iron (Fe) is an important micronutrient for living organisms. Fe deficiency severely impairs plant growth and is a widespread human dietary problem, with particularly high numbers of affected children and females. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a source of energy for more than half of the world’s population. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of Fe uptake and translocation in rice is of utmost importance in the development of rice varieties that are tolerant to low Fe availability and with high seed levels of Fe. In recent years, the mechanisms underlying Fe transport and homeostasis have been revealed, providing opportunities to increase the Fe content of rice grain. As excess Fe is toxic to cells, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to control Fe flow, making it difficult to alter Fe transport. Thus, choosing appropriate chelators and Fe transporters driven by appropriate promoters seems to be the key in developing rice that is tolerant to low Fe availability and which accumulates high grain levels of Fe. Many recent studies have been aimed at increasing the Fe content of rice. Here, we summarize these efforts and review recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of Fe transport.  相似文献   

Biochar induced Pb and Cu immobilization,phytoavailability attenuation in Chinese cabbage,and improved biochemical properties in naturally co-contaminated soil     

Salam  Abdus  Bashir  Saqib  Khan  Imran  Hussain  Qaiser  Gao  Ruili  Hu  Hongqing 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(5):2381-2392

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Contamination of agricultural soils with potential toxic elements (PTEs) has caused serious health and environmental concern all over the world. Therefore,...  相似文献   

Sources of genetic resistance in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) to cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus     

Muhammad Bashir  R. O. Hampton 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(5):411-419

Fifty-one cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) genotypes were tested by mechanical inoculation with seven geographically diverse isolates of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus to identify resistant sources. Of 51 genotypes three, TVu-401, TVu-1582 and TVu-1593 were found immune to all the seven isolates. Forty-five genotypes gave different reactions to individual isolates. Several immune, resistant and tolerant genotypes against each isolate were identified. A considerable evidence of pathogenic variability among the virus isolates was also observed.  相似文献   

Comparative growth performance of some multipurpose trees and shrubs grown at Machakos,Kenya   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Bashir Jama  P. K. R. Nair  P. W. Kurira 《Agroforestry Systems》1989,9(1):17-27

Growth rates of 29 multipurpose trees grown in an agroforestry arboretum for six years at a sub-humid to semi-arid climatic zone are presented. Exotic species such as Grevillea robusta, Sesbania grandiflora, Leucaena leucocephala, Cassia siamea and Sesbania sesban, some of which were outside their traditional climatic zones, had higher diameters, heights and bole volumes/tree (upto 130% more in certain cases) than of the indigenous species. However, poor performance of several species (both exotic and indigenous) would limit their agroforestry potentials at the evaluation site or other similar areas.  相似文献