Thermoluminescence dates and palaeoenvironmental information of the late Quaternary sand deposits, Tierra de Pinares, Central Spain     

Mark D. Bateman  Andrs Díez Herrero 《CATENA》1999,34(3-4)

A large amount of Quaternary palaeo-environmental evidence lies within the terrestrial aeolian sediments filling the Duero basin in central Spain. Previous work has identified a number of stratigraphical units although the absolute age and origin of some of these is equivocal. The uppermost unit, the focus of this paper, is a widely distributed sand which covers most of the Tierra de Pinares, north of Segovia. Detailed investigations of an exposure at Burgomillodo reveal over 35 m of laminated and cross-bedded sand from which seven thermoluminescence dates were obtained. The bedding structures indicate a northwesterly palaeowind direction, different from the present dominating westerly winds. Two phases of sand deposition are identified at the site with evidence of erosion and reactivation phases. An upper unit of ca. 7 ka during the warm-aridity of the Atlantic period and a lower unit between 12.5–11 ka coinciding with the cold-aridity of the Younger Dryas event. The latter, in which at least 25 m of sand were deposited at the site, is the dominant phase and is coincident with what has been identified elsewhere in Spain from biological data as a period which was both cold and dry. The Burgomillodos site, therefore, represents the first sedimentological evidence for this arid phase in the Younger Dryas in central Spain.  相似文献   

Evaluation of point-of-care tests for diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs admitted to an intensive care unit.     

S W Bateman  K A Mathews  A C Abrams-Ogg  J H Lumsden  I B Johnstone  T K Hillers 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,215(6):805-810

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of point-of-care tests for the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in dogs and assess the correlation and agreement of results between point-of-care and laboratory tests in the evaluation of hemostatic function. DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: 59 critically ill dogs (affected dogs) with clinical signs of diseases known to predispose to DIC and 52 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURES: Accuracy of the point-of-care tests (activated clotting time [ACT], estimated platelet count and number of schizocytes from a blood smear, plasma total solids [TS] concentration, and the protamine sulfate test) was evaluated, using receiver operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratios. A strategy, using likelihood ratios to calculate a posttest probability of DIC, was tested with 65% used as a threshold for initiation of treatment. Results of laboratory tests (coagulogram and plasma antithrombin III activity) were used as the standard for comparison in each dog. RESULTS: ACT and estimated platelet count provided the best accuracy for detection of DIC. The plasma TS concentration, schizocyte number, and protamine sulfate test had poor accuracy. The strategy using post-test probability of DIC identified 12 of 16 affected dogs that had DIC. Estimated platelet count was correlated and had acceptable clinical agreement with automated platelet count (r = 0.70). The plasma TS (r = 0.28) concentration and serum albumin (r = 0.63) concentration were not accurate predictors of plasma antithrombin III activity. The ACT did not correlate with activated partial thromboplastin time (r = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Strategic use of likelihood ratios from point-of-care tests can assist clinicians in making treatment decisions for dogs suspected to have DIC when immediate laboratory support is unavailable.  相似文献   

Presidential address     

Fred H. Bateman 《American Journal of Potato Research》1938,15(1):1-4

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The enzymatic maceration of plant tissue     

D. F. Bateman 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1968,74(1):67-80

A new technique was developed for measuring the enzymatic maceration of plant tissue. When potato tissue disks were subjected to constant agitation in the presence of a “macerating enzyme” they were reduced to a suspension of single cells. the maceration process was followed by determining the increase in turbidity of reaction mixtures at 475 mμ due to the release of free cells. The process of tissue maceration as measured by this turbidimetric procedure was observed to consist of a lag phase followed by a linear phase of cell release; the length of the lag phase and the slope of the linear phase of cell release were both related to the log of the “macerating enzyme” concentration. The “macerating enzyme” ofSclerotium rolfsii was purified and identified as an endo-polygalacturonase.  相似文献   

Cadmium concentrations in the kidneys of Western Australian pigs     

PW MORCOMBE  P ROSS  HG MASTERS  DS PETTERSON  A ISOPENKO 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(5):113-114

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A group level analysis of the associations between antibodies to seven putative pathogens and respiratory disease and weight gain in Ontario feedlot calves.   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

S W Martin  K G Bateman  P E Shewen  S Rosendal  J G Bohac    M Thorburn 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1990,54(3):337-342

The associations, at the group level, between serological titer to Pasteurella haemolytica surface antigens (Ph), Pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxin (Ph-cytox), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV), parainfluenza-3 virus (PIV3), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Mycoplasma dispar (Md), M. bovis (Mb), and respiratory disease treatment rates, relapse rates, and 28 day weight gains were investigated in 14 groups of calves entering two feedlots during years 1983-1985, in Ontario. Based on least squares regression analyses, seroconversion rates to Mb and BVDV were predictive of increased respiratory disease rates, and seroconversion rates to Ph, Ph-cytox, Md and PIV3 were predictive of decreased weight gains. The R2 for predicting weight gains was much higher than for morbidity rates (0.75 vs 0.47 respectively). Titer data were not predictive of relapse rates. Group level analyses were performed because calves are managed as groups (e.g. pens) in commercial feedlots. Only BVDV seroconversion rates were related to increased risk of respiratory disease at both the individual and group levels of organization. Mycoplasma may be important factors in causing respiratory disease, and their relationship to potentiating the effects of other respiratory pathogens needs further investigation.  相似文献   

Enzymatic degradation of galactan, galactomannan, and xylan by Sclerotium rolfsii   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H D Van Etten  D F Bateman 《Phytopathology》1969,59(7):968-972

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An evaluation of antimicrobial therapy for undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Bateman KG  Martin SW  Shewen PE  Menzies PI 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1990,31(10):689-696

A field trial of antimicrobial therapy for cases of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (UBRD) in beef calves was conducted at four Ontario feedlots. The primary purpose of the trial was to evaluate the efficacy of three different antimicrobials (oxytetracycline, penicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfadoxine) in the treatment of UBRD occurring within the first 28 days postarrival.

The response, relapse, and case fatality rates overall were 85.7%, 14.8%, and 1.4%, respectively, and were not significantly different among the three antimicrobials evaluated. Weight gains of calves treated with the different drugs were not statistically different over the feeding period. Calves that suffered a relapse posttreatment were first treated significantly earlier (p<0.001) in the postarrival period than those that did not relapse. Considered together, treated calves gained significantly less (p<0.05) over the first 28 days and throughout the entire feeding period than controls that were never sick. Cases of UBRD that responded to therapy and did not relapse had rates of gain that were not significantly different from the controls.

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Cerebral infarction and meningoencephalitis following hot-iron disbudding of goat kids     

Thompson KG  Bateman RS  Morris PJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2005,53(5):368-370

CASE HISTORY: Twelve of 150 goat kids, 4-10 days old, died 3 days after disbudding with a hot iron. Another 18 kids had been ill the previous day but survived following antibiotic therapy. Five of the dead kids were necropsied. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: There was necrosis and haemorrhage of the skin, subcutaneous tissues and frontal bone at disbudding sites in all five kids examined post mortem. Beneath disbudding sites in 4/5 kids there were bilateral, dark red, often cavitated areas of necrosis extending deep into the frontal cortex of the brain. Histologically, these areas consisted of coagulation necrosis, haemorrhage, vascular thrombosis and suppurative inflammation. Numerous bacteria, predominantly large Gram positive rods, were present in the necrotic brain tissue. In the remaining kid, bilateral areas of yellow discolouration and flattening of gyri in frontal lobes corresponded histologically to extensive polioencephalomalacia. A mixed growth of aerobes and anaerobes was cultured from the brain of one kid with suppurative lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Thermal disbudding of neonatal kids is widely practised in dairy goat herds and is considered the method of choice for disbudding in New Zealand. However, the skull of goat kids is much thinner than that of calves and the safety margin for thermal injury to the brain is markedly reduced. This report highlights the risks associated with the technique and its potential as a welfare issue.  相似文献   

Flow paths of plant tissue residues and digesta through gastrointestinal segments in Spanish goats and methodological considerations     

Walz LS  Ellis WC  White TW  Matis JH  Bateman HG  Williams CC  Fernandez JM  Gentry LR 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(2):508-520

A sequence of eight twice-daily meals, each marked with different rare earth elements, was fed to 24 Spanish goats (BW = 20.6 +/- 1.94 kg) to produce meal-based profiles of rare earth markers within segments of the gastrointestinal digesta on subsequent slaughter. Accumulative mean residence time and time delay of rare earths and segmental and accumulative mean residence times of indigestible NDF (IDF) were estimated for each sampled segment. Diets consisted of ad libitum access to bermudagrass hay with a limit feeding of one of four supplements: 1) minerals (basal, B); 2) B + energy (E); 3) B + CP (CP); or 4) B + E + CP for 84 d. Mean daily intake (g/kg of BW) during the 5 d before slaughter differed (P < 0.05) via diet for DM but not for IDF (8.0 +/- 0.35 g/kg of BW). Larger estimates of cumulative mean residence time for IDF vs. rare earths were suggested to be the consequence of a meal-induced bias in the single measurement of IDF pool size by anatomical site. The rare earth compartment method was considered more reliable than the IDF pool dilution method because it yielded flow estimates based on the flux of eight meal-dosed rare earth markers over 4 d and was independent of anatomical definitions of pool size. Statistically indistinguishable estimates for gastrointestinal mean residence times for IDF and rare earths conform to assumed indelibility for the specifically applied rare earths and indigestibility of IDF. The potentially digestible NDF (PDF):IDF ratio of dietary fragments (0.8) progressively decreased in the following order: caudodorsal reticulorumen (0.390) > crainodorsal reticulorumen (0.357) approximately reticulum (0.354) > mid-dorsal reticulorumen (0.291) approximately ventral reticulorumen (0.286), to that within the omasal folds and in the abomasum (0.259). Such a gradient of progressively aging mixture of plant tissue fragments is consistent with age-dependent flow paths established in the reticulorumen and flowing to the omasum and abomasum. Such heterogeneity of fragment ages within the reticulorumen is also indicated by the superior fit of marker dose site double dagger marker sampling site model assumptions. Additionally, cyclic meal- and rumination-induced variations in escape rate occur. Estimates of mean escape rates over days, needed for the practice of ruminant nutrition, must consider the complex interactions among plant tissues and the dynamics of their ruminal digestion of PDF.  相似文献