Development of a technique for the in vivo assessment of flatulence in dogs.     

S B Collins  G Perez-Camargo  G Gettinby  R F Butterwick  R M Batt  C J Giffard 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(7):1014-1019

OBJECTIVE: To develop a noninvasive method for the in vivo assessment of flatulence in dogs. ANIMALS: 8 adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Rectal gases were collected via a perforated tube held close to each dog's anus and attached to a monitoring pump fitted with a sensor that recorded hydrogen sulfide concentrations every 20 seconds. Patterns of flatulence were monitored for 14 hours after feeding on 4 days, and within- and between-dog variation was assessed over 4 hours on 4 consecutive days. Rate of hydrogen sulfide production (flatulence index) and frequency and number of emissions were evaluated as potential indicators of flatus characteristics. An odor judge assigned an odor rating to each flatulence episode, and the relationship between that rating and hydrogen sulfide concentration was determined. RESULTS: Flatulence patterns varied within and between dogs. Variation was most pronounced for flatulence index; mean coefficients of variance within dogs over time and between dogs on each day were 75 and 103%, respectively. Flatus with hydrogen sulfide concentrations > 1 parts per million could be detected by the odor judge, and severity of malodor was highly correlated with hydrogen sulfide concentration. Odor ratings were accurately predicted by use of the equation 1.51 X hydrogen sulfide concentration(0.28). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The technique described in this report appears to provide sensitive, reliable, and relevant data and will enable further studies of the factors that influence flatulence in dogs. Use of this technique also has the potential to aid in investigations of colonic physiology and pathology.  相似文献   

Diagnosis and management of malabsorption in dogs     

R. M. Batt 《The Journal of small animal practice》1992,33(4):161-166

Malabsorption can result from interference with either the degradation or absorption phases in the handling of dietary constituents and represents an important cause of weight loss and diarrhoea in dogs. Effective treatment depends on identification and understanding of the underlying disease which could affect the functional capacity of the exocrine pancreas or small intestine. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) can be identified by a low concentration of trypsin-like immunoreactivity in serum and results in serious malabsorption due to interference with degradation of carbohydrate, protein and fat. Treatment with oral pancreatic extract complemented by a low fat, high quality protein diet, is effective in many cases. Refractory cases may need additional treatment with an oral antibiotic for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and H₂-receptor blockers to help prevent denaturation of the pancreatic extract by stomach acid. The pancreas plays a key role in the normal absorption of cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) in dogs and malabsorption of cobalamin in EPI may not resolve with treatment so that cobalamin may need to be given parenterally. Small intestinal disease may result in interference with the number or functioning of individual enterocytes, in some cases accompanied by cellular infiltration of the mucosa. Diagnosis depends on indirect assessment of intestinal damage, for example by assay of serum vitamins and determination of intestinal absorption and permeability, and in selected cases followed by endoscopic examination, intestinal biopsy and culture of duodenal juice. Treatment depends on the disease and may include oral antibiotic for SIBO and immunosuppressive drugs for infiltrative disease. Dietary management is also important, for example with a restricted fat diet containing highly digestible carbohydrate and high quality protein, and when a dietary sensitivity is suspected a restriction diet of a selected protein source may be needed.  相似文献   

低O ₂和高CO ₂对草莓采后酯类生物合成的作用模式     

周丽丽  DangyangKe  AdelAKader 《中国农业大学学报》1995,(2):180-186

草莓(Fragria ananassa Duck.cv.Chandler)果实于采收当天分别放在:①空气;②0.25%O_2;③21%O_2+50%CO_2;④0.25%O_2+50%CO_2(用 N_2平衡)四种流动气体条件(5℃)下1～7d,以研究气调贮藏对草莓的挥发性物质和发酵性酶活性的影响。在三种气调贮藏条件下,果肉中乙醛、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯的浓度较空气处理明显增加而乙酸异丙酯和乙酸丁酯的含量下降。气调贮藏处理增加了丙酮酸脱羧酶(PDC)和乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)的活性但略微减少了醇酰基转移酶(即酯化酶,AAT)的活性。低 O_2、高 CO_2条件下草莓中乙醇的大量累积加速了乙酸乙酯的生物合成。由于 AAT 活性的降低及过量的乙醇与其他醇类化合物对相同羧基化合物的竞争作用导致其他乙酸酯类产物的减少。  相似文献   

小篷竹群落邻体干扰指数的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹靖夫  蒙朝阳  周超  刘济明  张承凤  张锋  刘纪岗 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(25):7754-7755

运用邻体干扰指数模型,分析小蓬竹群落种内、种间竞争强度,确立小蓬竹群落的竞争干扰因子。结果表明,在小蓬竹群落中,对小蓬竹干扰指数最大是猴樟,其次是小蓬竹本身。在自然情况下的群落演替过程中,猴樟种群将占优势,最终小蓬竹将在小蓬竹群落彻底消失。  相似文献   

The effect of extension and loading of the carpus on radial rotation     

Erez Bitton DVM  Rotem Joseph DVM  Diplomate ECVS  Lena Portman BSc  Gilad Segev DVM  Diplomate ECVIM‐CA  Yaron Meiner BSc ME  Anna Shipov DVM  Diplomate ECVS  Joshua Milgram BVSc  Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(8):909-917

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Advanced Onset of Puberty in Gilts of Thrifty Genotype (Iberian Pig)     

P Gonzalez‐Añover  T Encinas  E Gomez‐Izquierdo  E Sanz  CA Letelier  L Torres‐Rovira  P Pallares  R Sanchez‐Sanchez  A Gonzalez‐Bulnes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):1003-1007

The Iberian pig is an autochthonous breed of the Mediterranean area, reared extensively in the central and southern areas of Spain and Portugal and that is known worldwide for the production of Iberian ham. The characteristics of the Iberian ham are related to its abundance of intramuscular fat, owing to the high capacity of the pig to accumulate fat under its skin and between the muscular fibres. This ability to store excess fat enables survival during periods of scarcity and it has been found in other antique animal breeds and even in humans, being named as the thrifty genotype. The reproductive management of the Iberian pig, in spite of a lack of accurate information unlike in other swine breeds, is based on the assumption of lower reproductive precocity and efficiency than the modern commercial breeds. The current study characterized and compared the onset of puberty in gilts of Iberian breed and meat commercial crosses (Large White × Landrace) reared in the same conditions by assessing weekly plasma progesterone profiles. At the end of the experimental period, when the gilts became 180 days old, the percentage of Iberian females that had reached puberty was 72.2%, with a mean age and weight of 160.5 ± 2.6 days and 92.9 ± 4.7 kg, respectively. The percentage of Large White × Landrace cross‐breed females reaching puberty at 180 days was only 15% (p < 0.05). The mean age and weight were 165.0 ± 4.1 days and 107.8 ± 2.2 kg (p < 0.05), respectively. Thus, converse to the traditional assumption, onset of puberty was advanced in Iberian gilts. These results are important for the reproductive management of the Iberian pig but, at the same time, may set the basis for future studies on the metabolism–reproduction link and, specifically, on the possible relationship between earlier accumulation of fat and attainment of puberty.  相似文献   

Irrigation on the Tehran Plain,Iran: Tepe Pardis - The site of a possible Neolithic irrigation feature?     

G.K. Gillmore  R.A.E. Coningham  H. Fazeli  R.L. Young  M. Magshoudi  C.M. Batt  G. Rushworth   《CATENA》2009,78(3):285-300

This paper presents direct evidence in the form of a triangular cross-section channel (1 m in width and 0.24 m in depth), for Late Neolithic artificial water management on the Tehran Plain, which may represent the earliest example of artificial water management in Iran. The antiquity of this channel is supported by dating directly above and below by C¹⁴, associated ceramic sherds and correlation with Late Neolithic levels. The nature and function of this channel is evaluated through comparisons with natural channels (ancient and modern) together with evidence from palynology and sedimentology. It is here interpreted as a silted-up artificial canal with infill-deposits that indicate periods of shallow relatively quiet flow, periods of drying-out and occasional episodes of greater flow. This study strongly suggests that 6th millennium farmers at Tepe Pardis in Iran were irrigating their crops, and complements the evidence from Choga Mami in Iraq concerning early irrigation systems.  相似文献   

Effects of meiotic inhibitors and gonadotrophins on porcine oocytes in vitro maturation,fertilization and development          下载免费PDF全文

MA Gil  A Nohalez  CA Martinez  JR Ake‐Villanueva  F Centurion‐Castro  C Maside  C Cuello  J Roca  I Parrilla  EA Martinez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(5):873-880

This study evaluated the effect of three reversible meiotic inhibitors (MINs) and their interaction with gonadotrophins (Gns) on the meiotic maturation and developmental competence of porcine oocytes. In experiment 1, the oocytes were matured for 22 hr in the presence or absence of dbcAMP (1 mM), cycloheximide (7 μM) or cilostamide (20 μM) with or without Gns, and for an additional 22 hr in the absence of MINs and Gns. At 22 hr of maturation, regardless of the presence of Gns, a higher proportion (p < .001) of oocytes cultured in the presence of MINs were effectively arrested at the germinal vesicle stage compared with the oocytes cultured without MINs. At 44 hr of maturation, the proportion of oocytes that reached MII was higher (p < .05) in groups with Gns compared with groups without Gns. In experiment 2, oocytes that were matured as in experiment 1 were inseminated and cultured for 7 days to evaluate fertilization parameters and blastocyst formation. Only oocytes from the dbcAMP + Gns group had higher (p < .05) efficiency of fertilization compared with the other treatment groups. The presence of dbcAMP during maturation also increased (p < .05) blastocyst formation and efficiency of blastocyst formation in both the presence and absence of Gns. These results indicate that the interaction of Gns with the tested MINs improved meiotic progression. In addition, regardless of supplementation with Gns, the presence of dbcAMP during the first maturation period increased and even doubled the capacity of oocytes to develop to the blastocyst stage.  相似文献   

A new device to inseminate cows at the base of the uterine horns          下载免费PDF全文

O García‐Peña  R Rangel‐Santos  R Rodríguez‐De Lara  CA Apodaca‐Sarabia  E Maldonado‐Simán 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(2):344-349

A new device (Chapingo device) to deposit semen at the base of the uterine horns of cattle was developed at Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Mexico. Nine Holstein heifers were inseminated by transvaginal laparoscopy, using a laparoscope for cattle and the Chapingo device. A dose of sexed semen (2.1 × 10⁶ spermatozoa) was deposited at the base of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the ovary where the preovulatory follicle was identified. Insemination was achieved in all the heifers, taking on average 13.7 ± 3.1 min per animal. In all cases, it was possible to see both ovaries, the base of the uterine horns and the oviducts. After the procedure, none of the heifers showed any type of complications such as haemorrhage, adhesions or trauma. On days 21 and 22 after insemination, four of the nine heifers (44.4%) returned into oestrus; on day 30 after insemination, one heifer was found to be pregnant by ultrasound. The results show the feasibility of generating pregnancies by transvaginal laparoscopy in heifers inseminated with sexed semen.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in chickens: Bendigo 1992     

WM FORSYTH  DC GRIX  CA GIBSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(3):118-119

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