A Urethrorectal Fistula due to Prostatic Abscess Associated with Urolithiasis in a Dog     

A Agut  X Lucas  A Castro  F De Membiela  M Soler  E Belda 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(3):247-250

An 8-year-old, entire male crossbreed dog had a 2-day history of abdominal pain and straining to urinate and defecate. A diagnosis of urolithiasis with urinary retention, and probable prostatitis was made. The dog was treated with fluids and enrofloxacin. Five days later, ultrasonography of the prostate showed two hypoechoic areas compatible with abscesses. Twelve hours later, the patient started to urinate from the rectum during micturition and urethrorectal fistula was diagnosed. The omentalization of the prostatic abscesses and castration were performed and calculi were removed. The urethrorectal fistula was treated conservatively with an indwelling urinary catheter, a low residue diet and antibiotics. The dog recovered uneventfully without recurrence of the fistula.  相似文献   

Uncoupling and inhibition properties of 3,4-seco-friedelan-3-oic acid isolated from Maytenus imbricata     

Silvia Ribeiro de Souza e Silva  Luiz Claúdio de Almeida Barbosa  Beatriz King-Diaz  Blas Lotina-Hennsen 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,87(2):109-114

3,4-Seco-friedelan-3-oic acid was isolated from Maytenus imbricata (Celastraceae). At low concentrations it inhibited non-cyclic electron transport and ATP synthesis in spinach chloroplasts, i.e., it behaved as a Hill reaction inhibitor, and at high concentrations it acts as an uncoupler by enhancing uncoupled electron transport and Mg²⁺-ATPase activity. 3,4-Seco-friedelan-3-oic acid did not inhibit PSII electron transport from DPC to DCPIP_ox and photosystem I activity, but it enhanced from TMQH₂ to MV, corroborating its action as uncoupler. It inhibits electron flow through PSII from water to sodium silicomolybdate. The whole results indicate that the 3,4-seco-friedelan-3-oic acid target is at the OEC complex enzyme, the donor side of PSII. The fluorescence decay data shows the formation of the K-band, which match this result, acting as inhibitor at the donor side of PSII and it as an uncoupler.  相似文献   

A new multistage dynamic model for biological control exemplified by the host–parasitoid system <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera exigua</Emphasis>–<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chelonus oculator</Emphasis>     

József Garay  Zoltán Sebestyén  Zoltán Varga  Manuel Gámez  Alejandro Torres  José E. Belda  Tomás Cabello 《Journal of pest science》2015,88(2):343-358

Over the last few decades, important advances have been made in understanding of host–parasitoid relations and their applications to biological pest control. Not only has the number of agent species increased, but new manipulation techniques for natural enemies have also been empirically introduced, particularly in greenhouse crops. This makes biocontrol more complex, requiring a new mathematical modeling approach appropriate for the optimization of the release of agents. The present paper aimed at filling this gap by the development of a temperature- and stage-dependent dynamic mathematical model of the host–parasitoid system with an improved functional response. The model is appropriate not only for simulation analysis of the efficiency of biocontrol agents, but also for the application of optimal control methodology for the optimal timing of agent releases, and for the consideration of economic implications. Based on both laboratory and greenhouse trials, the model was validated and fitted to the data of Chelonus oculator (F.) (Hym.: Braconidae) as a biological control agent against the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lep.: Noctuidae). We emphasize that this model can be easily adapted to other interacting species involved in biological or integrated pest control with either parasitoid or predator agents.  相似文献   

Alopecia areata universalis in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

Pedro J. Ginel  Beatriz Blanco  María Pérez‐Aranda  Rafael Zafra  Elena Mozos 《Veterinary dermatology》2015,26(5):379-e87

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Evaluation of single and comparative intradermal tuberculin tests for tuberculosis eradication in caprine flocks in Castilla y León (Spain)     

Javier Bezos  Sergio Marqués  Julio Álvarez  Carmen Casal  Beatriz Romero  Ana Grau  Olga Mínguez  Lucas Domínguez  Lucía de Juan 《Research in veterinary science》2014

Goats can act as reservoirs for tuberculosis (TB) infection. The main etiological agents of TB in goats are Mycobacterium caprae and Mycobacterium bovis and they infect also a wide range of domestic and wild animals and humans. Control programmes based mainly on the application of single and comparative intradermal tuberculin (SIT and SCIT respectively) tests are being implemented in certain regions of Spain with a high density of caprine flocks as Castilla y León, including goats with epidemiological relationship with cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the intradermal tests in naturally TB-infected caprine flocks from this region. The study was performed using data from 17,450 goats in 54 different flocks that were classified as TB-infected in the control programmes executed in 2010 and 2011. Data from 1237 goats from 7 dairy flocks depopulated after the first intradermal testing were used to estimate the sensitivity (Se) using bacteriology as the gold-standard. Overall Se of the SIT test using the severe interpretation was 43.9% (CI 95%, 40.4–47.4) and decreased to 38.8% (CI 95%, 35.5–42.3) using the standard interpretation. Overall Se of the SCIT test ranged between 21.3% (CI 95%, 17.6–25.4) and 7% (CI 95%, 4.9–9.8) depending of the interpretation criteria. A significant weak positive correlation was found between age and skin fold thickness (Spearman’s test p < 0.05). Results from this study yielded, in general, low Se values probably due the systematic detection and slaughter of reactors as a consequence of the eradication programme in previous years or the presence of factors that may interfere in the diagnosis. Therefore, these results suggest the necessity of including ancillary diagnostic tools and/or strict interpretation criteria to maximize detection of positive animals in infected settings.  相似文献   

Milk yield and reproductive performance of brucellosis-vaccinated but seropositive Holstein cows     

Miguel Mellado  Angel M. Garcia  Beatriz Arellano-Reynoso  Efren Diaz-Aparicio  Jose E. Garcia 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(2):391-397

The aim of this research was to study if seropositivity for brucellosis in vaccinated cows against this disease hampers reproductive performance and milk production in high-yielding Holstein cows. For this purpose 1,026 healthy cows and 372 cows seropositive for brucellosis were enrolled in this study. Cows positive to card test and subsequently to the rivanol test were further subjected to the radial immunodiffusion (RID) test. It was found that only 11 % of the presumably infected cows by brucellosis screening tests were really infected with this disease. The reproductive performance of the group of cows with 11 % Brucella-infected animals was not impaired; overall pregnancy rate did not differ between seropositive and healthy cows (30.9 vs. 29.6 %). The abortion rates were similar between seropositive cows (5.3 %) and seronegative animals (6.9 %). Cows in the herd with 11 % Brucella-infected animals produced significantly more milk than unaffected cows over a 305-day lactation (10,684?±?1,720 vs. 10,345?±?1,736; mean ± SD; P?<?0.05). It was concluded that in dairy herds vaccinated against brucellosis with both 19 and RB51 strains, supplemental tests such as RID need to be conducted on all reactors in order to maintain diagnostic accuracy. These results also indicate that 11 % animal prevalence of brucellosis did not exert a detrimental effect on 305-day milk yield and reproductive performance in high milk-yielding Holstein cows.  相似文献   

Mutants in the lipopolysaccharide of Brucella ovis are attenuated and protect against B. ovis infection in mice     

Pedro Soler-Lloréns  Yolanda Gil-Ramírez  Ana Zabalza-Baranguá  Maite Iriarte  Raquel Conde-álvarez  Amaia Zú?iga-Ripa  Beatriz San Román  Michel S Zygmunt  Nieves Vizcaíno  Axel Cloeckaert  María-Jesús Grilló  Ignacio Moriyón  Ignacio López-Go?i 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):72

Brucella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that behave as facultative intracellular parasites of a variety of mammals. This genus includes smooth (S) and rough (R) species that carry S and R lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively. S-LPS is a virulence factor, and mutants affected in the S-LPS O-polysaccharide (R mutants), core oligosaccharide or both show attenuation. However, B. ovis is naturally R and is virulent in sheep. We studied the role of B. ovis LPS in virulence by mutating the orthologues of wadA, wadB and wadC, three genes known to encode LPS core glycosyltransferases in S brucellae. When mapped with antibodies to outer membrane proteins (Omps) and R-LPS, wadB and wadC mutants displayed defects in LPS structure and outer membrane topology but inactivation of wadA had little or no effect. Consistent with these observations, the wadB and wadC but not the wadA mutants were attenuated in mice. When tested as vaccines, the wadB and wadC mutants protected mice against B. ovis challenge. The results demonstrate that the LPS core is a structure essential for survival in vivo not only of S brucellae but also of a naturally R Brucella pathogenic species, and they confirm our previous hypothesis that the Brucella LPS core is a target for vaccine development. Since vaccine B. melitensis Rev 1 is S and thus interferes in serological testing for S brucellae, wadB mutant represents a candidate vaccine to be evaluated against B. ovis infection of sheep suitable for areas free of B. melitensis.  相似文献   

Assessing habitat fragmentation on marine epifaunal macroinvertebrate communities: an experimental approach     

Ana Beatriz Pierri-Daunt  Marcel O. Tanaka 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(1):17-28

Habitat fragmentation is considered a major cause of biodiversity loss, both on terrestrial and marine environments. Understanding the effects of habitat fragmentation on the structure and dynamics of natural communities is extremely important to support management actions for biodiversity conservation. However, the effects of habitat fragmentation on marine communities are still poorly understood. Here we evaluated whether habitat fragmentation affects the structure of epifaunal communities in the sublittoral zone, in the northern coast of São Paulo state, Brazil. Five experimental landscapes were constructed, each one forming a large continuous patch. After 4 weeks, each landscape was cut on three patches of different sizes. Epifaunal macroinvertebrate communities were sampled at the edge and interior of experimental landscapes before manipulation to evaluate edge effects. After four more weeks, communities from the three patch sizes were also sampled to evaluate patch size effects. We compared the diversity of communities at different levels of fragmentation by total abundance, rarefied taxon richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, Simpson’s dominance index, and abundance of dominant taxa. Higher taxon richness and gastropod abundance were recorded in the patch edges, but no significant differences were found among patch sizes. We found a significant effect of habitat fragmentation, with lower abundances of Gammaridea (the dominant taxon), Ophyuroidea, and Pycnogonida after the experimental fragmentation. Lower abundances of dominant taxa resulted in higher diversity and lower dominance in fragmented landscapes when compared to integral, pre-manipulation landscapes. Our results suggest that fragmentation of landscapes in the system studied can reduce dominance, and that even small patch sizes can be important for the conservation of macroinvertebrate diversity.  相似文献   

3 TESLA MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE OCCIPITOATLANTOAXIAL REGION IN THE NORMAL HORSE     

Beatriz Gutiérrez‐Crespo  Patrick R. Kircher  Ines Carrera 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(3):278-285

The aim of this study was to describe the appearance of the ligamentous structures of the occipitoatlantoaxial (OAA) region in the normal horse by 3 tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI images of the longitudinal odontoid ligament, tectorial membrane, dorsal and ventral atlantoaxial ligaments, dorsal atlantooccipital membrane with its reinforcing ligaments, and the lateral atlantooccipital ligaments of 10 horse cadavers were evaluated. All ligaments and membranes were identified in all planes, except for the lateral atlantooccipital ligament in the sagittal plane due to its cranioventrolateral course. All were iso to mildly hypointense to musculature of the neck in T1W with the exception of the tectorial membrane that was moderately hypointense; moderately hypointense in PD‐SPIR, and markedly hypointense (isointense to cortical bone) in T2W. The PD‐SPIR was the best sequence to identify all ligaments and membranes from their cranial and caudal attachments. The longitudinal odontoid ligament, ventral atlantoaxial ligament, and reinforcing bands of the dorsal atlantooccipital membrane presented a characteristic striped heterogeneous signal behavior thought to be due to fibrocartilaginous content. The remaining ligaments and membranes showed homogeneous signal intensity. Special anatomical features in this species such as the fan‐shaped longitudinal odontoid ligament, absence of the transverse ligament and presence of the ventral atlantoaxial ligament were documented. Ligamentous structures that stabilize the equine OAA region were described with MRI in this study and these findings could serve as an anatomic reference for those cases where instability of this region is suspected.  相似文献   

Combined effects of temperature and diet on growth and biochemical composition of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) spat     

Cecilia Flores-Vergara  Beatriz Cordero-Esquivel  Ana Nallely Cerón-Ortiz  & Bertha O Arredondo-Vega 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(12):1131-1140

Temperature and quality of the available food are important factors that influence the physiology of oysters; however, the combined effects have not been well studied. We evaluated the impacts of the temperature and diet on the growth, survival and biochemical composition in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas spat, cultured in the laboratory for 8 weeks at 23, 26, 29 and 32°C and fed Isochrysis sp.‐Pavlova lutheri (IP) and Dunaliella tertiolecta (Dt). The growth and biochemical composition showed a pattern, which changed in response to rising temperature. The shell length was significantly longer, in spat fed the IP diet, except at 32°C, where both diets produced poor growth results. The survival was <50% after 5 weeks at 32°C, whereas at all other temperatures it was >88%. High temperatures directly increased lipids and saturated fatty acids, while the proteins, carbohydrates and unsaturated fatty acids decreased. High temperatures achieved in the environment, as those reached on clear summer days during low tides, are an important stressor in oyster spat, especially when the quality of the available food is poor.  相似文献