Almond allergens: molecular characterization, detection, and clinical relevance     

Costa J  Mafra I  Carrapatoso I  Oliveira MB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(6):1337-1349

Almond ( Prunus dulcis ) has been widely used in all sorts of food products (bakery, pastry, snacks), mostly due to its pleasant flavor and health benefits. However, it is also classified as a potential allergenic seed known to be responsible for triggering several mild to life-threatening immune reactions in sensitized and allergic individuals. Presently, eight groups of allergenic proteins have been identified and characterized in almond, namely, PR-10 (Pru du 1), TLP (Pru du 2), prolamins (Pru du 2S albumin, Pru du 3), profilins (Pru du 4), 60sRP (Pru du 5), and cupin (Pru du 6, Pru du γ-conglutin), although only a few of them have been tested for reactivity with almond-allergic sera. To protect sensitized individuals, labeling regulations have been implemented for foods containing potential allergenic ingredients, impelling the development of adequate analytical methods. This work aims to present an updated and critical overview of the molecular characterization and clinical relevance of almond allergens, as well as review the main methodologies used to detect and quantitate food allergens with special emphasis on almond.  相似文献   

Manufacture and properties of bifidogenic saccharides derived from wood mannan     

Rivas S  Gullón B  Gullón P  Alonso JL  Parajó JC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(17):4296-4305

Pinus pinaster wood samples were subjected to double hydrothermal processing. The liquors coming from the second stage, containing soluble saccharides of polymeric or oligomeric nature from hemicelluloses (POHs), were subjected to membrane processing (operating in discontinuous diafiltration) for refining and fractionation. Refined POH fractions were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and chromatographic techniques. The most complex POH component was made up of 14 hexoses and contained 4 acetyl groups. The fermentability of purified POHs by human fecal inocula was assessed by measuring both carbon source consumption and formation of short-chain fatty acids. The bifidogenic ability of POHs was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The stimulatory effects on the bifidobacterial population reached by POHs were of the same order as those obtained with commercial fructooligosaccharides.  相似文献   

Food-derived peptides stimulate mucin secretion and gene expression in intestinal cells     

D Martínez-Maqueda  B Miralles  S De Pascual-Teresa  I Reverón  R Muñoz  I Recio 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(35):8600-8605

In this study, the hypothesis that food-derived opioid peptides besides β-casomorphin 7 might modulate the production of mucin via a direct action on epithelial goblet cells was investigated in HT29-MTX cells used as a model of human colonic epithelium. Seven milk whey or casein peptides, a human milk peptide, and a wheat gluten-derived peptide with proved or probable ability to bind μ- or δ-opioid receptors were tested on the cell culture. Significantly increased secretion of mucins was found after exposure to six of the assayed peptides, besides the previously described β-casomorphin 7, as measured by an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). Human β-casomorphin 5 and α-lactorphin were selected to study the expression of mucin 5AC gene (MUC5AC), the HT29-MTX major secreted mucin gene. α-Lactorphin showed increased expression of MUC5AC from 4 to 24 h (up to 1.6-fold over basal level expression), although differences were statistically different only after 24 h of exposure. However, this increased expression of MUC5AC did not reach significance after cell treatment with human β-casomorphin 5. In conclusion, six food-derived peptides have been identifed with described or probable opioid activity that induce mucin secretion in HT29-MTX cells. Concretely, α-lactorphin is able to up-regulate the expression of the major secreted mucin gene encoded by these cells.  相似文献   

Biochemical characterization with detection and expression of bacterial β-glucosidase encoding genes of a Mediterranean soil under different long-term management practices     

Rosa Ca?izares  Beatriz Moreno  Emilio Benitez 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(6):651-663

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VARIATION IN SOIL ORGANIC CARBON AND NITROGEN STOCKS ALONG A TOPOSEQUENCE IN A TRADITIONAL MEDITERRANEAN OLIVE GROVE     

Beatriz Lozano‐García  Luis Parras‐Alcntara 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2014,25(3):297-304

The impact of the topographical position on soil properties was evaluated in an olive grove with traditional tillage. Three topographical positions: summit, backslope and toeslope were chosen for evaluation. The soil samples were taken from four soil sections of 0·25 m (0–1 m). The soil organic carbon (SOC) and N content increased along the downslope direction (5·5, 6·5 and 7·1 g C kg⁻¹ and 0·3, 0·8 and 0·9 g N kg⁻¹ in the surface layer in the summit, backslope and toeslope respectively) as well as SOC and N stocks, considering the two first soil sections. In addition, there was movement of the most erodible textural fraction (silt). However, the total SOC stock (refer to 1 m of depth) did not vary with respect to the topographical position, but the total N stock (refer to 1 m of depth) varied significantly. These increases were due to erosion processes that occur along the toposequence, leading to organic matter transfers from the summit to the toeslope. All the stratification ratios calculated were lower than 2, indicating the low quality of the soils. Therefore, alternative management techniques that avoid soil erosion must be considered in olive grove in order to increase the soil quality and fertility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli MT78 invades chicken fibroblasts     

Letícia Beatriz Matter  Nicolle Lima Barbieri  Marcel Nordhoff  Christa Ewers  Fabiana Horn 《Veterinary microbiology》2011

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are responsible for extraintestinal diseases, called colibacillosis, in avian species. The most severe manifestation of the disease is colisepticemia that usually starts at the respiratory tract and may result in bird death. However, it is not yet clear how APEC cross the respiratory epithelium and get into the bloodstream. In this work, we studied the interaction between 8 APEC strains (UEL31, UEL17, UEL13, UEL29, MT78, IMT5155, IMT2470, A2363) and a chicken non-phagocytic cell, the fibroblast CEC-32 cell line. We investigated the association profile, the invasion capability, the cytotoxicity effect and the induction of caspase-3/7 activation in an attempt to understand the way the pathogen gains access to the host bloodstream. Association to cells was determined after 1 h of infection, while cell invasion was determined after 4 and 24 h of infection. The cytotoxic effect of bacterial infection was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and the activation of the apoptotic program was verified by caspase-3/7 activation. Also, the presence of genes for adhesins, invasins and other related virulence-associated factors was verified by PCR. All bacterial strains showed similarity in relation to adhesion, LDH release and caspase-3/7 activation. However, one APEC strain, MT78, showed high invasion capability, comparable to the invasive Salmonella typhimurium strain SL1344. Since an APEC strain was capable of invading non-phagocytic cells in vitro, the same may be happening with the epithelial cells of the avian respiratory tract in vivo. CEC-32 monolayers can also provide a useful experimental model to study the molecular mechanisms used by APEC to invade non-phagocytic cells.  相似文献   

Simultaneous determination of 20 pharmacologically active substances in cow's milk, goat's milk, and human breast milk by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry     

Azzouz A  Jurado-Sánchez B  Souhail B  Ballesteros E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):5125-5132

This paper reports a systematic approach to the development of a method that combines continuous solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of 20 pharmacologically active substances including antibacterials (chloramphenicol, florfenicol, pyrimethamine, thiamphenicol), nonsteroideal anti-inflammatories (diclofenac, flunixin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, phenylbutazone), antiseptic (triclosan), antiepileptic (carbamazepine), lipid regulator (clofibric acid), β-blockers (metoprolol, propranolol), and hormones (17α-ethinylestradiol, estrone, 17β-estradiol) in milk samples. The sample preparation procedure involves deproteination of the milk, followed by sample enrichment and cleanup by continuous solid-phase extraction. The proposed method provides a linear response over the range of 0.6-5000 ng/kg and features limits of detection from 0.2 to 1.2 ng/kg depending on the particular analyte. The method was successfully applied to the determination of pharmacologically active substance residues in food samples including whole, raw, half-skim, skim, and powdered milk from different sources (cow, goat, and human breast).  相似文献   

A multiple-phenotype imputation procedure as a method for prediction of cheese-making efficiency in Spanish Assaf sheep     

Hctor Marina  Antonio Reverter  Beatriz Gutirrez-Gil  Pamela Almeida Alexandre  Rocío Pelayo  Aroa Surez-Vega  Cristina Esteban-Blanco  Juan Jos Arranz 《Journal of animal science》2020,98(12)

Sheep milk is mainly intended to manufacture a wide variety of high-quality cheeses. The ovine cheese industry would benefit from an improvement, through genetic selection, of traits related to the milk coagulation properties (MCPs) and cheese yield-related traits, broadly denoted as “cheese-making traits.” Considering that routine measurements of these traits needed for genetic selection are expensive and time-consuming, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a cheese-making phenotype imputation method based on the information from official milk control records combined with the pH of the milk. For this study, we analyzed records of milk production traits, milk composition traits, and measurements of cheese-making traits available from a total of 1,145 dairy ewes of the Spanish Assaf sheep breed. Cheese-making traits included five related to the MCPs and two cheese yield-related traits. The milk and cheese-making phenotypes were adjusted for significant effects based on a general linear model. The adjusted phenotypes were used to define a multiple-phenotype imputation procedure for the cheese-making traits based on multivariate normality and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Five of the seven cheese-making traits considered in this study achieved a prediction accuracy of 0.60 computed as the correlation between the adjusted phenotypes and the imputed phenotypes. Particularly the logarithm of curd-firming time since rennet addition (logK₂₀) (0.68), which has been previously suggested as a potential candidate trait to improve the cheese ability in this breed, and the logarithm of the ratio between the rennet clotting time and the curd firmness at 60 min (logRCT/A60) (0.65), which has been defined by other studies as an indicator trait of milk coagulation efficiency. This study represents a first step toward the possible use of the phenotype imputation of cheese-making traits to develop a practical methodology for the dairy sheep industry to impute cheese-making traits only based on the analysis of a milk sample without the need of pedigree information. This information could be also used in future planning of specific breeding programs considering the importance of the cheese-making efficiency in dairy sheep and highlights the potential of phenotype imputation to leverage sample size on expensive, hard-to-measure phenotypes.  相似文献   

Changes in soil properties and soil solution nutrients due to conservation versus conventional tillage in Vertisols     

Beatriz Lozano-García  Luis Parras-Alcántara 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(10):1429-1444

Understanding of tillage effects on soil chemical properties and cations in soil solution dynamics is essential for making appropriate land-management decisions. Measurements were made after more than 25 years of different tillage treatments: conventional tillage (CT) and conservation tillage, which includes no-till (NT) and minimum tillage (MT). pH and bulk density did not show important changes but exchangeable cations and cations in soil solution were affected by depth and different tillage. The highest concentration of exchangeable Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ was found in NT, decreased in MT and the lowest concentration was found in CT (mean values were 26.0, 24.4 and 23.3 cmol_c kg^?1 for exchangeable Ca²⁺ and 4.2, 3.7 and 3.3 cmol_c kg^?1 for exchangeable Mg²⁺ in NT, MT and CT, respectively). In addition, the highest concentration of exchangeable Na⁺ was found in NT, decreased in CT and the lowest concentration was found in MT. However, the highest concentration of exchangeable K⁺ was found in MT. A significant depth effect was observed for cations in soil solution: Na⁺ increased with depth whereas K⁺ and Ca²⁺ decreased with depth. This study aims to demonstrate the effect of tillage on the distribution and concentration of certain chemical soil properties.  相似文献   

Exploring the scaling law of geographical space: Gaussian versus Paretian thinking     

Juan-José Ibáñez  Beatriz Ramírez-Rosario  Luis F. Fernández-Pozo  Eric C. Brevik 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(2):495-509

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