Plastin 3 is a protective modifier of autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Oprea GE  Kröber S  McWhorter ML  Rossoll W  Müller S  Krawczak M  Bassell GJ  Beattie CE  Wirth B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5875):524-527

Homozygous deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the most frequent genetic cause of early childhood lethality. In rare instances, however, individuals are asymptomatic despite carrying the same SMN1 mutations as their affected siblings, thereby suggesting the influence of modifier genes. We discovered that unaffected SMN1-deleted females exhibit significantly higher expression of plastin 3 (PLS3) than their SMA-affected counterparts. We demonstrated that PLS3 is important for axonogenesis through increasing the F-actin level. Overexpression of PLS3 rescued the axon length and outgrowth defects associated with SMN down-regulation in motor neurons of SMA mouse embryos and in zebrafish. Our study suggests that defects in axonogenesis are the major cause of SMA, thereby opening new therapeutic options for SMA and similar neuromuscular diseases.  相似文献   

Injectable eprinomectin for cattle: Tick efficacy and pharmacokinetics     

Cristiano Grisi do Nascimento  Gabrielle Bragaglia  Sandra Barioni Toma  Viviane de Souza Magalhães  Yara Peluso Cid  Fabio Barbour Scott 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):171-178

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy of eprinomectin (EPM) against Rhipicephalus microplus in cattle of a new injectable form of EPM (Voss Performa®). The product was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 200 μg EPM/kg, in a single dose. The efficacy of EPM against R. microplus in cattle was evaluated through field and stall tests. Studies were performed to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of EPM with the purpose of better understanding the kinetics of the formulation. The formulation was effective in controlling R. microplus in both naturally and artificially infested cattle, providing efficacy greater than 95%. The results of pharmacokinetic study were C_max of 47.15 ± 22.20 ng/ml, T_max of 1.33 ± 0.492 days, T_1/2 of 2.96 ± 1.212 days, AUC_0–t of 228.08 ± 57.30 ng day ml⁻¹, and AUC_0-∞ of 240.50 ± 58.44 ng day ml⁻¹. Therefore, the new injectable EPM formulation becomes an important alternative for the control of cattle tick in Brazil.  相似文献   

Retrospective evaluation of the safety and tolerability of pimobendan in cats with obstructive vs nonobstructive cardiomyopathy     

Jessica L. Ward  Efrem Z. Kussin  Melissa A. Tropf  Sandra P. Tou  Teresa C. DeFrancesco  Bruce W. Keene 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(6):2211-2222

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A case study of cash cropping in Nepal: Poverty alleviation or inequity?     

Brown  Sandra  Kennedy  George 《Agriculture and Human Values》2005,22(1):105-116

Agricultural commercialization as a mechanism to alleviate rural poverty raises concerns about small land-holders, non-adopters, and inequity in the distribution of benefits within transforming economies. Farm gross margins were calculated to assess the economic status and impact of cash cropping on the economic well-being of agrarian households in the Mid-hills of Nepal. On an individual crop basis, tomatoes and potatoes were the most profitable. On a per farm basis, 50 of the households with positive farm gross margins grew at least one vegetable crop, while only 25 of households with negative farm gross margins included vegetable crops in their rotation. Farmers have been hesitant to produce primarily for the market given the rudimentary infrastructure and high variability in prices. Farmers reported selling more crops, but when corrected for inflation, gross revenues declined over time. The costs and benefits of developing markets have been unevenly distributed with small holders unable to capitalize on market opportunities, and wealthier farmers engaging in input intensive cash cropping. Farms growing vegetables had an average gross margin of US$137 per year compared to US$12 per year for farms growing only staple crops. However, the area under production is small, and while vegetable production is likely to continue increasing, sensitivity analysis and scenarios suggest high variability and limited short-term impact on poverty alleviation.Sandra Brown is a Senior Research Associate jointly appointed to the Institute for Resources and Environment, University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada and the Communities and Watersheds Program at the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture in Cali, Colombia. Her research interests are in gender and equity issues in natural resource management, and linking biophysical and socio-economic research approaches. Sandra works extensively in watershed management both within Canada and internationally. She has worked extensively in the Himalayan and Andean Mountains including current projects in Nepal, China, Bhutan, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. Sandra is co-author of numerous multimedia CD-ROMs including: Gender and Resources in the Middle Mountains of Nepal, Integrated Watershed Management, and Water in International Development. She has developed and delivered numerous educational programs including courses on gender and natural resources, watershed management, and innovative technologies in teaching and research. George Kennedy is an Associate Professor in Food and Resource Economics and the Director of International Programs in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver Canada. His research interests are in agricultural development and internationalizing higher education. Within this capacity, George is the UBC coordinator for the Southeast Asian University Consortium for Graduate Education in Agriculture. In 2002, he won the Association of Universities and Colleges in Canada Award for Excellence in Internationalization for the Global Resource Systems Program in the category Broadening the Student Experience.  相似文献   

Expression of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite proteins in Escherichia coli for potential use in a human malaria vaccine   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

J F Young  W T Hockmeyer  M Gross  W R Ballou  R A Wirtz  J H Trosper  R L Beaudoin  M R Hollingdale  L H Miller  C L Diggs 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,228(4702):958-962

The circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum may be the most promising target for the development of a malaria vaccine. In this study, proteins composed of 16, 32, or 48 tandem copies of a tetrapeptide repeating sequence found in the CS protein were efficiently expressed in the bacterium Escherichia coli. When injected into mice, these recombinant products resulted in the production of high titers of antibodies that reacted with the authentic CS protein on live sporozoites and blocked sporozoite invasion of human hepatoma cells in vitro. These CS protein derivatives are therefore candidates for a human malaria vaccine.  相似文献   

Effect of immunized egg proteins on the performance and neonatal diarrhoea incidence in newborn calves     

Sandra van Kuijk  Ruth Kinkead  Gillian Scoley  Steven Morrison  Yanming Han 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(3):462-469

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of feeding immunized egg proteins (IEP) on the health and performance of newborn dairy calves. Sixty-four Holstein calves, both male and female, were divided over two treatments. Calves either received IEP or a placebo (PCB) in their colostrum and calf milk replacer (CMR) for the first 14 days of their life. Until day 49, CMR was offered at 15% of birth weight (BW), at 10% on days 49–57 and at 5% on days 57–63. In addition, calves received starter concentrate, chopped straw and water from 3 days old until 70 days old at the end of study. Individual CMR and concentrate intake were measured daily whilst BW was recorded weekly. Visual faecal scoring and health observations were conducted daily. Faecal samples were collected weekly up to 4 weeks and during the first 4 days of scouring to screen for presence of Cryptosporidium parvum, rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli and Salmonella. Results indicated that feeding IEP increased BW (p < .05) at 42 and 56 days old, and BW also tended (p = .06) to be higher after weaning at 63–70 days old compared to the PCB group. When analysed using a repeated measures model, compared to feeding PCB, feeding IEP increased total concentrate consumption (p = .001) by 3.6kg/calf. Over the entire study, daily water intake was higher (p = .002) for the IEP group when compared with the PCB group. In the IEP group, 12 calves were scored as scouring whereas there were 14 calves in the PCB group. There were no significant differences between treatments in faecal pathogen load of neither healthy nor scouring calves. In conclusion, supplementing IEP during the first 14 days of calf life improved the performance of newborn calves. Further work is warranted to understand the mode of action of IEP in calves.  相似文献   

Treatment of indolent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with hypofractionated radiation therapy in three cats     

Laura E. Chadsey  Matthew R. Cook  Eric E. Green  Ryan N. Jennings  Peter F. Moore  William Vernau  William C. Kisseberth  Sandra F. Diaz 《Veterinary dermatology》2021,32(5):515-e143

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Is low-level laser therapy useful as an adjunctive treatment for canine acral lick dermatitis? A randomized,double-blinded,sham-controlled study     

Amy H. Schnedeker  Lynette K. Cole  Sandra F. Diaz  Gwendolen Lorch  Päivi J. Rajala-Shultz  Ryan N. Jennings  Eric T. Hostnik  Joshua B. Daniels 《Veterinary dermatology》2021,32(2):148-e35

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Ultrasound-guided caudal thoracic paravertebral block in a dog with an insulinoma undergoing partial pancreatectomy     

Nuria Quesada  Sandra Sanchis-Mora  Roger Medina-Serra 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(4):632-633

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Rodent control to fight plague: field assessment of methods based on rat density reduction     

Soanandrasana RAHELINIRINA  Kathryn SCOBIE  Beza RAMASINDRAZANA  Voahangy ANDRIANAIVOARIMANANA  Fanohinjanaharinirina RASOAMALALA  Lovasoa Nomena RANDRIANTSEHENO  Jerry Sylvio RAKOTONIAINA  Olivier GORGÉ  Xavier LAMBIN  Eric VALADE  Sandra TELFER  Minoarisoa RAJERISON 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(6):868-885

Rodents represent a serious threat to food security and public health. The extent to which rodent control can mitigate the risk from rodent-borne disease depends on both the effectiveness of control in reducing rodent abundance and the impact on disease epidemiology. Focusing on a plague-endemic region of Madagascar, this study compared the effectiveness of 3 methods: live-traps, snap-traps, and rodenticides. Control interventions were implemented inside houses between May and October 2019. Tracking tiles monitored rodent abundance. Rodent fleas, the vector involved in plague transmission, were collected. Rodent populations consisted of Rattus rattus and Mus musculus. In terms of trap success, we found that our live-trap regime was more effective than snap-traps. While all 3 control strategies appeared to reduce in-house rodent activity in the short term, we found no evidence of a longer-term effect, with in-house rodent abundance in treated sites comparable to non-treatment sites by the following month. Endemic flea, Synopsyllus fonquerniei, is a key plague vector usually found on rats living outdoors. Although we found no evidence that its abundance inside houses increased following control, this may have been due to a lack of power caused by significant variation in S. fonquerniei abundance. The presence of S. fonquerniei in houses was more likely when S. fonquerniei abundance on outdoor rats was higher, which in turn correlated with high rat abundance. Our results emphasize that control strategies need to consider this connectivity between in-house rat–flea populations and the outdoor populations, and any potential consequences for plague transmission.  相似文献