Growth performance of piglets during the first two weeks of lactation affects the development of the intestinal microbiota          下载免费PDF全文

B. Morissette  G. Talbot  C. Beaulieu  M. Lessard 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):525-532

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of newborn piglet weight gain during the first 2 weeks of lactation on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the ileum and colon. The microbiota from high‐weight‐gain (HWG) and low‐weight‐gain (LWG) 2‐week‐old piglets was characterized by amplicon length heterogeneity PCR (LH‐PCR) and compared using diversity indices and multivariate statistical analyses. At birth, LWG piglets weighted in average 0.26 kg less than HWG piglets (p = .002). The weight difference between LWG and HWG piglets increased with time and reached 2.1 kg after 16 days of lactation (p < .0001). Based on these growth performance differences, estimated colostrum and milk intake was greater in HWG than in LWG piglets (p < .0001). Analysis of the LH‐PCR data of the microbiota using non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) and blocked multiresponse permutation procedure (MRBP) revealed that the microbiota of the HWG and LWG piglets tended to differ in ileal mucosa (p = .097) and differed in colonic lumen (p = .024). The microbiota of HWG piglets had higher levels of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Ruminoccocaceae, and lower proportions of Actinobacillus porcinus and Lactobacillus amylovorus when compared with those of LWG piglets. As the weight gain of nursing piglets is highly correlated with the amount of ingested colostrum and milk, the results strongly suggest that colostrum and milk intake in the first 2 weeks of life influenced the development of the gut microbiota.  相似文献   

Use of protocatechuic acid as the sole antioxidant in the base medium for in vitro culture of ovine isolated secondary follicles          下载免费PDF全文

VG Menezes  JMS Santos  TJS Macedo  TLBG Lins  RS Barberino  BB Gouveia  MÉS Bezerra  AYP Cavalcante  MAA Queiroz  RC Palheta Jr  MHT Matos 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(5):890-898

This study evaluated the effect of the protocatechuic acid (PCA) as the sole antioxidant in the base medium for in vitro culture of ovine secondary follicles. Secondary follicles (200‐230 μm) were isolated and cultured in α‐minimal essential medium supplemented with BSA, insulin, glutamine and hypoxanthine (α‐MEM: antioxidant‐free medium) or α‐MEM also added by transferrin, selenium and ascorbic acid (α‐MEM+: with antioxidant) or α‐MEM added by PCA (56.25; 112.5; 225; 450; or 900 μg/ml). Moreover, after culture, oocytes were matured and the chromatin configuration and DNA fragmentation were evaluated. After 12 days, the treatment containing 56.25 μg/ml PCA showed higher percentage of normal follicles than control medium or the other treatments (p < .05), except for 900 μg/ml PCA (p > .05). The antrum formation was significantly higher in treatments containing 56.25, 112.5 or 900 μg/ml PCA, compared to the α‐MEM and similar (p > .05) to the other treatments. The rates of fully grown oocytes (≥110 μm) were similar (p > .05) among all treatments containing PCA and α‐MEM+, and those were superior (p < .05) than α‐MEM, except for 450 μg/ml PCA (p > .05). GSH levels and mitochondrial activity were higher (p < .05) in α‐MEM+ than in α‐MEM and similar (p > .05) to all PCA treatments. The rates of meiotic resumption and DNA fragmentation were similar (p > .05) among α‐MEM+ and 56.25 μg/ml PCA. In conclusion, PCA at 56.25 μg/ml as the sole antioxidant added to the medium for ovine isolated secondary follicle culture maintains follicular survival, GSH and active mitochondria levels, meiotic developmental competence and DNA integrity of cultured oocytes.  相似文献   

Effect of transgenes on global gene expression in soybean is within the natural range of variation of conventional cultivars   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Cheng KC  Beaulieu J  Iquira E  Belzile FJ  Fortin MG  Strömvik MV 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):3057-3067

  相似文献   

Extension of green bell pepper shelf life using oilseed-derived lipid films from soapstock     

J.C. Beaulieu  H.S. Park  A.G. Ballew Mims  M.S. Kuk 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(2):271-275

Edible films have been used for decades on fresh produce to create a semipermeable membrane on the surface to suppress respiration, control moisture loss, and more recently to provide a delivery mechanism for the inclusion of functional components. Scientists at the Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC) have previously demonstrated that a thin biodegradable film can be produced from soapstock, an underused byproduct from the vegetable oil industry. After physical and chemical treatments, a thin film was produced from various soapstocks (cottonseed and safflower). Different hydration ratios were tested since the initial soapstock solutions were rather viscous. To examine the potential use of an oilseed-derived lipid film for the extension of shelf life, different types of the oilseed-derived soapstocks were utilized to produce lipid films with different hydration ratios, and containing 0, 5, and 10% of paraffin wax for application on ‘Camelot’ bell peppers. Control bell peppers lost almost 25% weight per unit surface area (SA) in 78 h when stored under ambient conditions. Cottonseed film-coated peppers, hydrated at 1:4, lost only about 5% moisture per unit SA after 78 h and minimized weight loss by up to 79% compared to the control. However, since a 1:4 hydration ratio remained rather viscous, 1:8 was preferred and these cottonseed films reduced weight loss per unit SA by up to 48% during storage. Safflower-derived soapstock film resulted in the least effective water retention of the films and ratios tested, with roughly 21–25% reduction in weight loss per SA compared to controls. Safflower-derived soapstock was higher in unsaturated fatty acids, which are less efficient to control moisture migration because they are more polar than saturated lipid materials, as contained in cottonseed-derived materials. Addition of wax to the cottonseed-derived films decreased water loss slightly, similar to previous reports in the literature. An ANOVA supported the conclusion that the oilseed-derived lipid films significantly reduced moisture loss across the produce epidermis. To avoid potential allergenicity concerns in cottonseed soapstock, additional cleanup steps and tests with commonly used edible coating additives would be required before attaining food grade status.  相似文献   

Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel solanidine derivatives     

Rmi Beaulieu  Eric Grand  Imane Stasik  Jacques Attoumbr  Quentin Chesnais  Virginie Gobert  Arnaud Ameline  Philippe Giordanengo  Jos Kovensky 《Pest management science》2019,75(3):793-800

  相似文献   

Flower induction treatments have no effects on seed traits and transmission of alleles in Picea glauca     

Beaulieu J  Deslauriers M  Daoust G 《Tree physiology》1998,18(12):817-821

Flower induction methods-hormone application or exposure to physiological stress, or both-are used routinely for shortening breeding cycles and increasing seed production in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effects of flower induction on seed yield and quality in white spruce; and (2) to determine if flower induction treatments affect the maternal contribution to offspring. We assessed the effects of flower induction treatments, which consisted of gibberellin A(4/7) (GA(4/7)) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) stem injections, on allele segregation for 28 clones, number of seeds per cone, number of sound seeds per cone, seed weight, and the germination rate of a subset of clones. Flower induction treatments did not affect any of the phenotypic traits examined. No increase in segregation distortion in allozyme loci following flower induction treatments was observed.  相似文献   

Net energy of soybean oil and choice white grease in diets fed to growing and finishing pigs     

Kil DY  Ji F  Stewart LL  Hinson RB  Beaulieu AD  Allee GL  Patience JF  Pettigrew JE  Stein HH 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(2):448-459

The objectives of this experiment were 1) to determine the NE of soybean oil (SBO) and choice white grease (CWG) fed to growing and finishing pigs, 2) to evaluate the effects of inclusion rate of SBO on the NE by growing and finishing pigs, and 3) to determine if there is a difference in the NE of SBO and CWG between growing and finishing pigs. Forty-eight growing (initial BW: 22.13 ± 1.78 kg) and 48 finishing (initial BW: 84.17 ± 5.80 kg) barrows were used, and they were housed and fed individually. Within each stage of growth, pigs were allotted to 8 outcome groups of 6 barrows based on BW. Within each outcome group, pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 groups. Two groups at each stage of growth served as an initial slaughter group. Pigs in the remaining groups were assigned to 4 dietary treatments and slaughtered at the conclusion of the experiment. The basal diet contained corn, soybean meal, and no supplemental lipids. Three additional diets were formulated by mixing 95% of the basal diet and 5% SBO, 90% of the basal diet and 10% SBO, or 90% of the basal diet and 10% CWG. Average daily gain and G:F for finishing pigs and apparent total tract digestibility of energy for growing and finishing pigs increased (linear, P < 0.05) with lipid content, but was not affected by lipid source. The lipid gain:protein gain ratio and the energy retention also increased (linear, P ≤ 0.05) with lipid content in growing and finishing pigs. There were no interactive effects between lipid content and stage of growth or between lipid source and stage of growth on the NE of diets and the NE of dietary lipids. The NE of diets increased (linear, P < 0.01) with increasing SBO (2,056, 2,206, and 2,318 kcal/kg for diets containing 0, 5, or 10% SBO). The NE of the diet containing 10% CWG (2,440 kcal/kg) was greater (P < 0.05) than the NE of the diet containing 10% SBO. The NE of diets was greater (P < 0.05) for finishing pigs than for growing pigs regardless of lipid content or source. The NE of SBO included at 5% (5,073 kcal/kg) was not different from the NE of SBO included at 10% (4,679 kcal/kg), but the NE of CWG (5,900 kcal/kg) was greater (P < 0.05) than the NE of SBO. The stage of growth had no impact on the NE of SBO or CWG. In conclusion, the NE of lipids is not affected by the content of dietary lipids, but the NE of CWG is greater than the NE of SBO.  相似文献   

Conspecific negative density dependence and forest diversity     

Johnson DJ  Beaulieu WT  Bever JD  Clay K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6083):904-907

Conspecific negative density-dependent establishment, in which local abundance negatively affects establishment of conspecific seedlings through host-specific enemies, can influence species diversity of plant communities, but the generality of this process is not well understood. We tested the strength of density dependence using the United States Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis database containing 151 species from more than 200,000 forest plots spanning 4,000,000 square kilometers. We found that most species experienced conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD), but there was little effect of heterospecific density. Additionally, abundant species exhibited weaker CNDD than rarer species, and species-rich regions exhibited stronger CNDD than species-poor regions. Collectively, our results provide evidence that CNDD is a pervasive mechanism driving diversity across a gradient from boreal to subtropical forests.  相似文献   

Genetic Structure of Cronartium ribicola Populations in Eastern Canada     

Et-Touil K  Bernier L  Beaulieu J  Bérubé JA  Hopkin A  Hamelin RC 《Phytopathology》1999,89(10):915-919

ABSTRACT The genetic structure of populations of Cronartium ribicola was studied by sampling nine populations from five provinces in eastern Canada and generating DNA profiles using nine random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Most of the total gene diversity (H(t) = 0.386) was present within populations (H(w) = 0.370), resulting in a low level of genetic differentiation among populations in northeastern North America (F(st) = 0.062). A hierarchical analysis of genetic structure using an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed no statistically significant genetic differentiation among provinces or among regions. Yet, genetic differentiation among populations within regions or provinces was small (AMOVA phi(st) = 0.078) but statistically significant (P < 0.001) and was several orders of magnitude larger than differentiation among provinces. This is consistent with a scenario of subpopulations within a metapopulation, in which random drift following migration and new colonization are major evolutionary forces. A phenetic analysis using genetic distances revealed no apparent correlation between genetic distance and the province of origin of the populations. The hypothesis of isolation-by-distance in the eastern populations of C. ribicola was rejected by computing Mantel correlation coefficients between genetic and geographic distance matrices (P > 0.05). These results show that eastern Canadian provinces are part of the same white pine blister rust epidemiological unit. Nursery distribution systems are controlled provincially, with virtually no seedling movement among provinces; therefore, infected nursery material may not play an important role in the dissemination of this disease. Long-distance spore dispersal across provincial boundaries appears to be an epidemiologically important factor for this pathogen.  相似文献   

日粮成分对生长猪饮水量的影响     

陈春月  覃矜  樊薛安  M.I.Shaw  A.D.Beaulieu  J.F.Patience 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2007,27(6):25-28

1前言历史上,人们一直把水看成是充裕而廉价的资源,所以缺乏确定猪需水量或对影响水利用情况因素进行研究(Fraser等,1990)的积极性。现在,人类社会正越来越意识到水是有限的资源,而家畜生产行业却又是一个主  相似文献