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41.
Marianne M Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan Erica T W van den Broek Astrid J Spierenburg 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(1):83-85
Blood lactate measurements are commonly used in exercising horses to determine the onset of lactate accumulation and in colic patients to assess clinical status and to indicate prognosis. To study the usability of a portable blood lactate meter based on dry chemistry (Lactate Pro), the data from this instrument were compared to data from a laboratory-used lactate meter based on wet chemistry (ABL 605 blood gas analyzer [ABL]). Heparinized blood samples were obtained from horses participating in a jumping experiment (n = 9), from horses cantering at maximal speed on a racetrack (n = 7), and from patients admitted to the Department of Equine Sciences at Utrecht University for severe colic (n = 13). Seventeen of these samples were tested in duplicate on both instruments to determine the repeatability of the measurements. Blood lactate concentrations measured with the Lactate Pro ranged from 0.8-17.6 mmol/liter and with the ABL from 1.0-18.6 mmol/liter. The correlation between lactate concentrations obtained using the Lactate Pro and values from the ABL was 0.90, and the relationship was represented by the following formula: y = 0.90 . x + 0.36, indicating a linear relationship between values produced by the ABL and Lactate Pro. The repeatability for the Lactate Pro was high (0.997), which is comparable to the ABL (0.999). 相似文献
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Context
Allometric scaling laws are foundational to structuring processes from cellular to ecosystem levels. The idea that allometric relationships underlie species characteristic selection scales, the spatial scales at which species respond to landscape features, has recently been investigated, however, supporting empirical evidence is scarce.Objectives
Lack of pattern can be explained by inaccurate estimation, low power, confounding factors, or absence of a relationship. In this paper, we evaluate the relationship between body size and species characteristic selection scales after overcoming limitations of previous study designs.Methods
We conducted 1328 avian point counts across the state of Nebraska using the robust sampling design to account for imperfect detection. We used Bayesian latent indicator scale selection with N-mixture models to estimate species’ characteristic selection scales of six habitat features for 86 species. We propagated the uncertainty associated with assigning characteristic scales to a model of the relationship between body size and characteristic spatial scales.Results
Species characteristic scales varied across habitat predictors, and varied in the uncertainty associated with selecting single characteristic scales. After propagating uncertainty our results do not support a relationship between species’ body size and the spatial scales at which they respond to landscape features.Conclusions
As species abundance integrates birth, death, immigration, and emigration processes, each of which are influenced by ecological processes manifesting at various scales, we question whether a general allometric relationship should be expected. Our results suggest that selection may act on responses to specific environmental features, rather than responses to spatial scale per se.44.
Erica von Essen 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2018,23(1):21-38
This study examines how processes of modernization affect hunting ethics, including commodification, cosmopolitanism, demographic shifts, technological innovation, and invasive species. The impact of such change processes has been documented in indigenous hunting societies, but not in postindustrial Western hunting communities. Instead, wildlife ethics are often seen as a private matter or a static inheritance from past generations, and not as researchable from a perspective of change. The underexposure of research on ethics in this context is explained as taking place within a framework of ethical subjectivism to the detriment of opening up ethics to a needed conversation as the context for hunting changes in modernity. This study uncovers the hunting ethics of contemporary Swedish hunters in response to modernization and reveals new lines of moral demarcation and emerging taboos for right and wrong hunting. It concludes by considering the virtue of hunting taboos for wildlife conservation. 相似文献
45.
Ordeix L Galeotti F Scarampella F Dedola C Bardagí M Romano E Fondati A 《Veterinary dermatology》2007,18(5):316-323
A series of 18 allergic cats with multifocal Malassezia spp. overgrowth is reported: atopic dermatitis was diagnosed in 16, an adverse food reaction in another and one was euthanized 2 months after diagnosis of Malassezia overgrowth. All the cats were otherwise healthy and those tested (16 out of 18) for feline leukaemia or feline immunodeficiency virus infections were all negative. At dermatological examination, multifocal alopecia, erythema, crusting and greasy adherent brownish scales were variably distributed on all cats. Cytological examination revealed Malassezia spp. overgrowth with/without bacterial infection in facial skin (n = 11), ventral neck (n = 6), abdomen (n = 6), ear canal (n = 4), chin (n = 2), ear pinnae (n = 2), interdigital (n = 1) and claw folds skin (n = 1). Moreover, in two cats Malassezia pachydermatis was isolated in fungal cultures from lesional skin. Azoles therapy alone was prescribed in seven, azoles and antibacterial therapy in eight and azoles with both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy in three of the cats. After 3-4 weeks of treatment, substantial reduction of pruritus and skin lesions was observed in all 11 cats treated with a combined therapy and in five of seven treated solely with azoles. Malassezia spp. overgrowth may represent a secondary cutaneous problem in allergic cats particularly in those presented for dermatological examination displaying greasy adherent brownish scales. The favourable response to treatment with antifungal treatments alone suggests that, as in dogs, Malassezia spp. may be partly responsible for both pruritus and cutaneous lesions in allergic cats. 相似文献
46.
Rodrigo S. Martins Michael J. Roberts Christophe Lett Nicolette Chang Coleen L. Moloney Maurício G. Camargo Erica A. G. Vidal 《Fisheries Oceanography》2014,23(2):116-131
Annual landings of chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii), an important fishing resource for South Africa, fluctuate greatly, and are believed to be related to recruitment success. The ‘Westward Transport Hypothesis’ (WTH) attributes recruitment strength to variability in transport of newly hatched paralarvae from spawning grounds to the ‘cold ridge’ nursery region some 100–200 km to the west, where oceanographic conditions sustain high productivity. We used an individual‐based model (IBM) coupled with a 3‐D hydrodynamic model (ROMS) to test the WTH and assessed four factors that might influence successful transport – Release Area, Month, Specific Gravity (body density) and Diel Vertical Migration (DVM) – in numerical experiments that estimated successful transport of squid paralarvae to the cold ridge. A multifactor ANOVA was used to identify the primary determinants of transport success in the various experimental simulations. Among these, release area was found to be the most important, implying that adult spawning behaviour (i.e., birth site fidelity) may be more important than paralarval behaviour in determining paralarval transport variability. However, specific gravity and DVM were found to play a role by retaining paralarvae on the shelf and optimizing early transport, respectively. Upwelling events seem to facilitate transport by moving paralarvae higher in the water column and thus exposing them to faster surface currents. 相似文献
47.
Erica Rehnblom Wanda J. Gordon-Evans Betty Kramek Davis Seelig Stan Veytsman 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(10):1083
Zygomatic salivary gland disease is not commonly reported in dogs and there is a paucity of literature reporting salivary gland disease secondary to infarction in dogs. A 9-year-old German wirehaired pointer presented with left eye exophthalmos, 3rd eyelid elevation, negative retropulsion, and pain upon opening of the mouth. Computed tomography revealed a mass extending from the left zygomatic salivary gland, consistent with a sialocele. A left-sided zygomatic sialoadenectomy was performed successfully. Histopathologic diagnosis concluded zygomatic salivary gland infarction. The dog had no signs of recurrence 20 mo after surgery.Key clinical message:To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report with long-term outcome of a zygomatic sialocele secondary to salivary gland infarction in a dog treated by zygomatic sialoadenectomy via zygomatic osteotomy. 相似文献
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Foston M Katahira R Gjersing E Davis MF Ragauskas AJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(6):1419-1427
The average spatial dimensions between major biopolymers within the plant cell wall can be resolved using a solid-state NMR technique referred to as a (13)C cross-polarization (CP) SELDOM (selectively by destruction of magnetization) with a mixing time delay for spin diffusion. Selective excitation of specific aromatic lignin carbons indicates that lignin is in close proximity to hemicellulose followed by amorphous and finally crystalline cellulose. (13)C spin diffusion time constants (T(SD)) were extracted using a two-site spin diffusion theory developed for (13)C nuclei under magic angle spinning (MAS) conditions. These time constants were then used to calculate an average lower-limit spin diffusion length between chemical groups within the plant cell wall. The results on untreated (13)C enriched corn stover stem reveal that the lignin carbons are, on average, located at distances ～0.7-2.0 nm from the carbons in hemicellulose and cellulose, whereas the pretreated material had larger separations. 相似文献