Dietary inclusion of crystalline D- and L-methionine: effects on growth, feed and protein utilization, and digestibility in small and large Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sveier  Nordås  Berge  & Lied 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2001,7(3):169-181

Use of crystalline methionine to optimize amino acid profiles in feeds for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was studied in three experiments. A basic experimental diet with 25% of dietary protein from marine origin and the remaining 75% from soya protein concentrate was used either with or without supplementation of L ‐methionine, D ‐methionine or DL ‐methionine. A fishmeal‐based diet was used as control. In experiment 1, growth performance of 100 g salmon in seawater was improved by supplementation with the different methionine products. Growth performance was, however, inferior to that of fish fed the control. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) exhibited similar trends to specific growth rate (SGR) with methionine supplementation, but again not as the control. Protein retention, measured as productive protein value (PPV), was significantly better in the control and D ‐methionine groups as compared with either L ‐methionine or the nonsupplemented group. These trends were confirmed in experiment 2, using fish of the same size, where an absorption and digestibility study of D ‐ and L ‐methionine clearly indicated that D ‐methionine was absorbed as well as L ‐methionine. Results indicated that racemization of D ‐ into L ‐methionine occurs in liver and kidney in Atlantic salmon. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in liver was significantly affected by dietary treatment and there was a good correlation with growth and feed utilization data. In experiment 3, a growth study with large salmon (1 kg) was performed using increasing supplementation of DL ‐methionine to the basic diet. Results indicated a methionine requirement for maximum growth of 9.2 g kg^–1 feed dry matter (DM) kg^–1 growth. This is slightly higher than that reported in the literature. The present study clearly shows that optimizing the amino acid profile by inclusion of a single crystalline amino acid (crystalline methionine) does not give the same protein utilization as that of a diet in which the amino acids are mainly protein bound. D ‐methionine was found to result in better protein utilization than L ‐methionine when measured as PPV.  相似文献   

水稻氮肥管理的ORYZA－0模型之理论及验证     

郑志明 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1994,(6)

ＯＲＹＺＡ－０模型系统能分析氮在土壤－作物－大气复杂系统中的复杂行为，包括土壤供氮力、作物氮吸收和氮在器官间的分配、叶片氮转化太阳辐射为干物质的能力等，ＯＲＹＺＡ－０模型与Ｐｒｉｃｅ的规则系统优化程序结合，可以制订取得最大生物量或经济产量所需的优化氮管理方案。田间氮试验材料验证模型表明，ＯＲＹＺＡ－０模型推荐的氮肥应用曲线能真实地反映当地不同氮水平下的氮管理策略；文中还就模型参数的敏感性问题和模型的进一步发展提出了建设性建议。  相似文献   

Observations sur l'emploi des nématicides endothérapiques contre le genre Meloidogyne en horticulture florale     

A. Cuany    J.B. Berge  C. Scotto  la Massese 《EPPO Bulletin》1973,3(1):75-86

L'efficacité et la rentabilité des traitements nématicides endothérapiques dirigés contre les nématodes du genre Meloidogyne sont étudiées à l'aide de divers exemples. Les possibilityés de réduction des doses d'emploi sont envisageées sous trois angles, en fonction du ravageur, du produit et de la plante. Les traitements curatifs de rattrapage introduisent la notion de sensibilite des différents stades larvaires. Leur opportunité est également étudiée en fonction de la vitesse et de l'impottance du rétablissement des cultures. Les traitements périodiques et préventifs s'appuient sur la connaissance du mode et de la durée d'action des produits et sur divers facteurs liés à la physiologie de l'hôte végétal. Ceci conduit à«hiérarchiser» les deux types de traitement.  相似文献   

Chronic renal failure and urolithiasis in a 2-years-old colt     

JA LAING  AL RAISIS  RJ RAWLINSON  AC SMALL 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(8):199-200

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Cholinesterase activities in uterus of normal and fenchlorphos treated blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) during various reproductive states     

Gunnar N. Berge  Sigrun H. Sterri  Nils E. Sli 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1988,29(1):117-123

The uterine acetylcholinesterase and total cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase plus butyrylcholinesterase) activities in normal and fenchlorphos treated blue fox vixens were determined during various reproductive states.AChE and Total-ChE of non-medicated vixens in oestrus were about one half of those in anoestrus. In pregnant uteri (luteal phase) the activities were 25 % and 30% compared to anoestrus.In vixens given 100 mg/kg fenchlorphos for 3 weeks during anoestrus, the remaining activity of AChE in uterus were in average 37%. Pregnant and non-pregnant vixens in the luteal phase medicated prior to mating and during time of implantation, displayed AChE activities which were only moderabely reduced (remaining activities 83% and 72% compared to medicated animals in anoestrus: remaining activity 37%).Plasma ChE-activity increased during pregnancy in the controls while enzyme activity was strongly reduced in animals given 100 mg/kg fenchlorphos daily through the whole pregnancy.It was concluded that the previous reported embryotoxic effect of fenchlorphos in the blue fox did not seem to be directed towards the moderate inhibition of the uterine cholinesterases.  相似文献   

Prickly paddy melon (Cucumis myriocarpus) poisoning of cattle     

RA McKENZIE  RD NEWMAN †  AC RAYNER †  PJ DUNSTER 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(6):167-170

Twenty-six Hereford heifers died after eating mostly ripe fruit of Cucumis myriocarpus growing in a fallowed cultivation paddock. Four affected cattle were dehydrated and apparently had abdominal pain. Necropsy of three revealed intense congestion with haemorrhage of the alimentary tract, numerous C. myriocarpus seeds in ruminal contents, pulmonary congestion and oedema and, in two, swollen livers. Midzonal swelling and vacuolation of hepatocytes occurred in these two. C. myriocarpus fruit (83% by weight ripe) were dosed to two calves at 60 g wet weight/kg live weight. Both collapsed with tachycardia and dyspnoea and died within 6 h. Their packed cell volumes just before death had increased to 0.7. They had hydropic degeneration and necrosis of the ruminal mucosa, intense congestion and oedema of the rumen, abomasum and intestines, swollen and vacuolated hepatocytes and foci of myocardial degeneration and necrosis. Two other calves were dosed daily with 20 g fruit/kg for three days, then 40 g/kg for three days. One calf received a further 40 g/kg next day. Both calves developed persistent diarrhoea and neutrophilia, and their plasma gamma glutamyltransferase and bilirubin concentrations increased. Necropsy revealed necrosis and oedema of the rumen and swollen degenerate hepatocytes.  相似文献   

TAS method for the detection of methyl parathion (0.0-dimethyl-(p-nitrophenyl)-thiophosphoric acid ester) and various transformation products in organic materials]     

K Kirchner  H Berge 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1975,29(5):649-653

A simplified TAS method was used to determine parathion-methyl (0.0-dimethyl-0-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate), methyl-paraoxon and p-nitrophenol in samples of animal origin and in foodstuffs. These substances were isolated by thermomicropartition in the TAS oven, with immediate uptake of the condensate on thin-layer plates. Identifications was done directly from the sample or from the residue of a crude extract. After partition by thin-layer chromatography, the compounds were rendered visible by coupling with suitable amines. By means of the TAS method it was possible to detect 2-4 ppm parathion-methyl and methyl-paraoxon, or 3-4 ppm p-nitrophenol directly from samples, or 0,05-0.10 ppm of the first two compounds and 0.1-0.5 ppm of p-nitrophenol in the residue of extracts.  相似文献   

Fast variability of tera-electron volt gamma rays from the radio galaxy M87     

Aharonian F  Akhperjanian AG  Bazer-Bachi AR  Beilicke M  Benbow W  Berge D  Bernlöhr K  Boisson C  Bolz O  Borrel V  Braun I  Brown AM  Bühler R  Büsching I  Carrigan S  Chadwick PM  Chounet LM  Coignet G  Cornils R  Costamante L  Degrange B  Dickinson HJ  Djannati-Ataï A  Drury LO  Dubus G  Egberts K  Emmanoulopoulos D  Espigat P  Feinstein F  Ferrero E  Fiasson A  Fontaine G  Funk S  Funk S  Füssling M  Gallant YA  Giebels B  Glicenstein JF  Goret P  Hadjichristidis C  Hauser D  Hauser M  Heinzelmann G  Henri G  Hermann G  Hinton JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5804):1424-1427

The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10(12) eV) gamma-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the gamma-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV gamma rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of respiratory tract pathogens from sheep and goats     

Berge AC  Sischo WM  Craigmill AL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(8):1279-1281

OBJECTIVE: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of common respiratory tract pathogens from sheep and goats. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 41 respiratory tract isolates from sheep and 36 isolates from goats. PROCEDURES: Disk diffusion assay was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, florfenicol, and tetracycline. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of florfenicol for these isolates were determined by use of the microbroth dilution technique. RESULTS: The most common isolates were Pasteurella multocida (n = 28) and Mannheimia haemolytica (39). All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, and florfenicol. Five percent (4/77) of isolates were resistant to tetracycline. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from sheep and goats to commonly used antimicrobial drugs in this study was high. Treatment of these species for bacterial respiratory tract disease is likely not complicated by antimicrobial resistance.  相似文献   

Vitrification with DAP 213 and Cryotop of Ex Situ and In Situ Feline Cumulus–Oocyte Complexes     

AC Kozel  GC Luvoni 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(6):1003-1008

This study was undertaken to compare cryotolerance, in terms of viability and resumption of meiosis after warming and culture (24 and 48 h), of ex situ (isolated) and in situ (enclosed in the ovarian tissue) feline cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) vitrified with DAP 213 (2 m DMSO, 1 m acetamide, 3 m propylene glycol) in cryotubes or Cryotop method. Ovaries were harvested from 49 pubertal queens. Of each pair of ovaries, one was dissected to release COCs randomly divided into three groups: fresh COCs (control), ex situ COCs vitrified with DAP 213 and Cryotop. The cortex of the other ovary was sectioned into small fragments (approximately 1.5 mm³) and randomly assigned to be vitrified by DAP 213 or Cryotop. After warming, ex situ and in situ (retrieved form vitrified ovarian tissue) COCs were matured in vitro. Viability of oocytes was highly preserved after warming and culture in all treatments. Proportions of oocytes surrounded by complete layers of viable cumulus cells were remarkably decreased (p < 0.00001) in both vitrification procedures compared to fresh oocytes. Resumption of meiosis occurred in all treatments. After 24 h of culture, results were similar in ex situ and in situ vitrified oocytes regardless of the vitrification protocol used (range 29–40%), albeit lower (p < 0.05) than those of fresh oocytes (65.8%). After 48 h of culture, ex situ oocytes vitrified with Cryotop achieved the rates of meiosis resumption similar to fresh oocytes (53.8% vs 67.5%; p > 0.05) and ex situ and in situ oocytes vitrified with DAP 213 showed similar rates of resumption of meiosis. These findings demonstrated that DAP 213 and Cryotop preserve the viability of ex situ and in situ oocytes, but cumulus cells are highly susceptible to vitrification. However, the capability to resume meiosis evidences that feline immature oocytes vitrified as isolated or enclosed in the ovarian cortex have comparable cryotolerance.  相似文献