Trichothecene genotypes of Gibberella zeae from winter wheat fields in the eastern USA     

D. G. Schmale  A. K. Wood‐Jones  C. Cowger  G. C. Bergstrom  C. Arellano 《Plant pathology》2011,60(5):909-917

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused principally by Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum), is a devastating disease of small grains such as wheat and barley worldwide. Grain infected with G. zeae may be contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). Strains of G. zeae that produce DON may also produce acetylated derivatives of DON: 3‐acetyl‐DON (3‐ADON) and 15‐acetyl‐DON (15‐ADON). Gradients (clines) of 3‐ADON genotypes in Canada have raised questions about the distribution of G. zeae trichothecene genotypes in wheat fields in the eastern USA. Tri3 and Tri12 genotypes were evaluated in 998 isolates of G. zeae collected from 39 winter wheat fields in New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA), Maryland (MD), Virginia (VA), Kentucky (KY) and North Carolina (NC). Ninety‐two percent (919/998) of the isolates were 15‐ADON, 7% (69/998) were 3‐ADON, and 1% (10/998) was NIV. A phylogenetic analysis based on portions of three genes (PHO, RED and URA) from 23 isolates revealed two species of Fusarium (F. graminearum sensu stricto and one isolate of F. cerealis (synonym F. crookwellense)). An increasing trend of 3‐ADON genotypes was observed from NC (south) to NY (north). Punctuated episodes of atmospheric transport may favour a higher frequency of 3‐ADON genotypes in the northeastern USA, near Canada, compared with the mid‐Atlantic states. Discoveries of the NIV genotype in NY and NC indicate the need for more intensive sampling in the surrounding regions.  相似文献   

A COMPARISON OF MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC ULTRASOUND-GUIDED BIOPSY TECHNIQUES     

FREDRIK E. HOPPE  DVM  PHD  DAVE A. HAGER  DVM    PAUL W. POULOS  JR.  DVM PHD  STINA EKMAN  DVM    P. G. LINDGREN  MD  PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1986,27(4):99-101

A manual, ultrasound-guided biopsy technique was compared to a new automatic method using a new biopsy device. The liver and the left kidney of 10 dogs were biopsied using the two methods. The specimens from the biopsies were compared for size and quality. Results demonstrate that larger and higher quality samples were obtained with the new automatic method.  相似文献   

Persistent corneal erosion in an Australian dingo     

AG TURNER  JR PHELAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(6):435-436

  相似文献   

Numbers of gastrointestinal helminth eggs of Wyoming cattle in two surveys: 1957 to 1961 and 1973 to 1977   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B A Werner  R C Bergstrom 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(2):301-303

From 1973 to 1977, a survey of internal parasites in Wyoming cattle was conducted via fecal analyses of 1,490 beef cattle. Sugar flotation techniques were used, with a factor of 2 times the actual egg counts. The prevalence of internal parasites of beef cattle in this survey was compared with that in a previous survey conducted on Wyoming beef cattle from 1957 to 1961. Results of analyses indicated no true change in mean eggs per gram of feces (epg) as follows: calves, 14 epg in 1961 and 20 epg in 1977; yearlings, 29 epg in 1961 and 19 epg in 1977; and adults, 22 epg in 1961 and 21 epg in 1977.  相似文献   

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION USING A COMPOSITE COLLAGENOUS PROSTHESIS: A BIOMECHANICAL AND HISTOLOGIC STUDY IN RABBITS     

Dunn MG  Tria AJ  Kato YP  Bechler JR  Ochner RS  Zawadsky JP  Silver FH 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):56-56

  相似文献   

Mesenteric tear of the distal jejunum as a periparturient complication in a mare     

AJ DART  JR PASCOE 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(12):427-428

  相似文献   

EFFECT OF DEPENDENCY VERSUS NONDEPENDENCY ON LUNG LESION VISUALIZATION     

ROBERT D. PECHMAN  JR.  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1987,28(5):185-190

Paraffin blocks and mineral oil were used as a model to determine the effect of dependency versus nondependency on radiographic visualization of lung lesions in lateral thoracic radiographs. It was concluded that the increased opacity of the material surrounding the lesion, not contact between the heart and the lesion, was responsible for the inability to detect lung disease in the dependent lung. The results were tested in dogs with pneumonia in the right middle lung lobe. When the dog was in right lateral recumbency, the dependent right lung was increased in opacity and decreased in volume and the pulmonary lesion was difficult to detect. When the dog was in left lateral recumbency, the nondependent right lung was increased in volume and decreased in opacity and the pulmonary disease was clearly visible. A single recumbent lateral radiograph must not be used to assess a dog with suspected lung disease because lesions in the dependent lung lobes may not be detected.  相似文献   

Spatial Patterns of Viable Spore Deposition of Gibberella zeae in Wheat Fields     

Schmale DG  Shah DA  Bergstrom GC 《Phytopathology》2005,95(5):472-479

ABSTRACT An increased understanding of the epidemiology of Gibberella zeae will contribute to a rational and informed approach to the management of Fusarium head blight (FHB). An integral phase of the FHB cycle is the deposition of airborne spores, yet there is no information available on the spatial pattern of spore deposition of G. zeae above wheat canopies. We examined spatial patterns of viable spore deposition of G. zeae over rotational (lacking cereal debris) wheat fields in New York in 2002 and 2004. Viable, airborne spores (ascospores and macroconidia) of G. zeae were collected above wheat spikes on petri plates containing a selective medium and the resulting colonies were counted. Spores of G. zeae were collected over a total of 68 field environments (three wheat fields during 54 day and night sample periods over 2 years) from spike emergence to kernel milk stages of local wheat. Spatial patterns of spore deposition were visualized by contour plots of spore counts over entire fields. The spatial pattern of spore deposition was unique for each field environment during each day and night sample period. Spore deposition patterns during individual sample periods were classified by spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) statistics and Mantel tests. Both analyses indicated that the majority (93%) of the spore deposition events were random, with the remainder being aggregated. All of the aggregated patterns were observed during the night. Observed patterns of spore deposition were independent of the mean number of viable spores deposited during individual sample periods. The spatial pattern for cumulative spore deposition during anthesis in both years became aggregated over time. Contour maps of daily and cumulative spore deposition could be compared with contour maps of FHB incidence to gain insights into inoculum thresholds and the timing of effective inoculum for infection.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of sulfamethazine in male, female and castrated male swine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

NICOLE E. DUFFEE  RICHARD F. BEVILL  JOHN C. THURMON  HERBERT G. LUTHER  JR    DALE E. NELSON  FRANCES E. HACKER 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1984,7(3):203-211

The concentration of sulfamethazine in plasma and sulfamethazine and its metabolites in urine were compared in male, female and castrated male swine. A surgical technique for placement of catheters in the urinary bladder was used to facilitate the collection of urine in males and castrated males. The elimination rate of sulfamethazine from plasma and the excretion of parent drug and metabolites into urine did not differ significantly among females, males and castrated male swine.  相似文献   

Average daily gain and feed efficiency of lambs with low-level trichostrongylid burdens.     

R C Bergstrom  L R Maki  C J Kercher 《Journal of animal science》1975,41(2):513-516

  相似文献