Soil and agronomic factors associated with cadmium accumulations in kidneys of grazing sheep     

PW MORCOMBE  DS PETTERSON  PJ ROSS†  JR EDWARDS 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(12):404-406

SUMMARY Mean concentration of cadmium (Cd) in kidneys of hogget sheep from 67 flocks grazing in the Agricultural Region of Western Australia was tested for association with soil, pastoral, climatic and nutritional factors. Hoggets grazing pastures on acidic soils and soils with a sandy-textured surface had higher Cd concentrations in kidneys than hoggets grazing pastures on more alkaline soils or soils with a clay-textured surface. Application of more than 100 kg of phosphatic fertiliser during the past 3 years to loamy soils was also associated with greater Cd concentration in kidneys of the grazing animals.  相似文献   

Control of equine infectious anaemia on a large northern Queensland farm     

JR. ARMSTRONG  ID. BRAITHWAITE  M. FLANAGAN  D. HOFFMANN  I. POLKINGHORN 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(1):29-30

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美国目前和未来的保育猪饲养方案     

Bob Goodband  Jon Bergstrom  Mike Tokach  Joel DeRouchey  Steve Dritz  Jim Nelssen 《饲料工业》2013,(12)

在过去的20年内美国的猪产业发生了翻天覆地的变化。多址生产系统对畜群的健康和控制断奶仔猪链产生了极大的作用。然而一个成功的断奶仔猪营养方案其基本原则对于任何日龄断奶的仔猪来讲都是相似的。可以归纳成三点：①在断奶时,仔猪尽可能的体重大;②尽可能快的将日粮从复合日粮转化为简单日粮;③重点关注保育仔猪管理。此外,在美国过去的10年通过遗传选育的手段,使窝产仔数大约增加了1.5头,仔猪断奶的日龄也相应地增加到平均为19~23 d。当每头母猪产仔数增加以后,由于初生活仔数的增加,有更多体重轻的仔猪出生,这将是生产者所面临的挑战。因此,对生产者来说,了解影响初生体重轻的仔猪一生的生产性能以及收益的因素是非常必要的。  相似文献   

Distribution and temporal prevalence of Theileria orientalis major piroplasm surface protein types in eastern Australian cattle herds     

GJ Eamens  G Bailey  JR Gonsalves  C Jenkins 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(8):332-340

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不同来源的葡萄糖、乳糖和乳清粉产品在保育仔猪第2阶段开食日粮中的饲喂价值评估     

J.R.Bergstrom  C.N.Groesbeck  冯占雨  张贤群  方宁运 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2008,28(5)

通过两个试验评估日粮中各种不同来源的葡萄糖、乳糖和乳清粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响.试验1:选用228头初始体重7.756 kg的仔猪为试验猪,进行为期14 d的试验.试验共设6个日粮处理组:对照组(玉米-豆粕型日粮)、乳糖组(7.2%乳糖 对照组日粮)、无水葡萄糖组(7.2%无水葡萄糖 对照组日粮)、一水葡萄糖组(7.2%一水葡萄糖 对照组日粮)、饲料级乳清粉组(10%饲料级乳清粉 对照组日粮)和食品级乳清粉组(10%食品级乳清粉 对照组日粮).试验仔猪于断奶后饲喂7 d的早期隔离断奶(SEW)日粮和过渡日粮,然后按体重分组,并随机分配入一个日粮处理组.总的说来,乳糖组和食品级乳清粉组仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)和第14天的体重均高于饲料级乳清粉日粮组的仔猪(P＜0.05),其他各日粮处理组仔猪在ADG和第14天体重上无显著差异.乳糖组、一水葡萄糖组和食品级乳清粉组仔猪每天的平均采食量均高于饲料级乳清粉搞组的仔猪(P＜0.05).食品级乳清粉组仔猪的饲料转化率优于一水葡萄糖组的仔猪(P＜0.05).经济效益分析表明,对照组仔猪每千克增重的成本最低(P＜0.01),随后依次是一水葡萄糖组、无水葡萄糖组、饲料级乳清粉组、乳糖组和食品级乳清粉组的仔猪.在扣除饲料成本后的经济收益(Margin-over-feed cost,MOF)上,对照组仔猪高于乳糖组、无水葡萄糖组或乳清粉组的仔猪(P＜0.05).试验2:选用352头初始体重7.756 kg的仔猪为试验猪,进行14 d的饲喂试验,以对7种不同来源的商品乳清粉进行评估.试验共分8个日粮处理组:对照组(玉米-豆粕型日粮)和7个乳清粉组,其中每个乳清粉组的日粮由对照组日粮 10%的不同来源的乳清粉(分别为A、B、C、D、E、F和G乳清粉)组成.试验仔猪在断奶后的最初5 d内喂给SEW日粮和过渡日粮,然后按体重分组,并随机分配到各个日粮处理组中.总的来看,A乳清粉组和E乳清粉组仔猪的平均日增重和第14天的体重均高于对照组、B乳清粉组和D乳清粉组的仔猪(P＜0.05),而G乳清粉组仔猪平均日增重居上述两种水平之间.E乳清粉组仔猪每天的平均采食量均高于对照组或B乳清粉组、C乳清粉组、D乳清粉组和G乳清粉组的仔猪(P＜0.05).A乳清粉组仔猪的饲料转化率优于对照组的仔猪(P＜0.05),其余各乳清粉组仔猪的耗料增重比居上述两种水平之间.经济效益分析表明,对照组仔猪每千克增重的成本最低(P＜0.01);在MOF方面,对照组仔猪高于B乳清粉组、D乳清粉组和G乳清粉组仔猪,A乳清粉组仔猪的MOF居上述两种水平之间,但高于B乳清粉组和D乳清粉组的仔猪(P＜0.05).总之,饲喂不同来源的乳清粉(或乳糖)和葡萄糖的仔猪在生长性能上存在着差异.当为保育仔猪配制饲料时,需要考虑乳糖源的品质、成本和相对饲喂价值.在某些情况下,尤其是当前乳清粉价格板高的情况下,给仔猪饲喂不添加乳糖的第二阶段开食日粮会造成其生长性能轻微下降,但可能会更经济.  相似文献   

The Use of Colonic Irrigation to Control Fecal Incontinence in Dogs With Colostomies     

Fred A. Williams  JR  DVM  Ronald M. Bright  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    Gregory B. Daniel  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVR    Kevin A. Hahn  DVM  PhD    Steve A. Patton  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVP 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1999,28(5):348-354

OBJECTIVE: To determine if once-daily colonic irrigation results in fecal continence for a 24-hour period in dogs with colostomies and if colonic volume increased in response to the irrigation. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective controlled experimental study. ANIMALS: Four intact male and one intact female mixed breed dogs. MATERIALS: All dogs received left end-on paralumbar colostomies. Four dogs received once-daily colonic irrigation for 8 weeks, whereas the control dog did not. Daily fecal weights were recorded for the length of the study in all dogs. Barium enema studies and volumetric studies were used to determine colonic volumes. RESULTS: Daily fecal weights were significantly decreased in treatment dogs compared with the control dog. Colonic volume increased in irrigated dogs in response to daily irrigation over the 8 week period of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic irrigation resulted in significantly decreased fecal production over a 24-hour period. Therefore management of dogs with colostomies would be more practical and cost effective. It did not result in complete fecal continence in this study. Further clinical studies are indicated to determine if longer periods of irrigation would result in complete continence.  相似文献   

The dietary regime of detritivorous fish from the River Jacaré Pepira, Brazil     

M. M. Vaz  M. Petrere JR  L. A. Martinelli  A. A. Mozeto 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》1999,6(2):121-132

The diet of detritivorous fish was analysed at four distinct habitats in a tropical river during the wet and dry seasons. Two methodologies were used to determine the diet of the fish: (1) the direct analysis of the stomach contents; and (2) the use of stable carbon isotopes. Both methods indicated food partitioning among the fish. The stomach contents showed what the fish had ingested when captured and the ¹³C isotope indicated what it had assimilated over a long period of time. The ¹³C isotope suggested the existence of sectional differences in the feeding of the detritivorous fish along the river. Plants employing the C₄ photosynthesis pathways seem to have little influence on the diet of these fish. This method proved to be more appropriate for the detection of the main food sources of the captured fish.  相似文献   

Artificial reef placement: a red snapper,Lutjanus campechanus,ecosystem and fuzzy rule‐based model     

J. B. SHIPLEY  J. H. COWAN JR 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2011,18(2):154-167

Abstract This study on reef placement involves two aspects: (1) the development of a bioenergetics model for red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey), in Gulf of Mexico waters off the coast of Alabama, where significant numbers of artificial reefs are thought to exist, and (2) a fuzzy rough set model by which parameters determined from the bioenergetics model can provide a decision tool for optimally spacing artificial reefs during deployment. The bioenergetics and consumption rates of L. campechanus by age class foraging on artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Alabama provided input into the fuzzy rule‐based model. After conducting multiple simulations, highest certainty in optimal reef spacing was achieved for reef distances between 0.50 and 0.95 km such that no more than two fit within a 1‐km² area. Results can inform fisheries managers about placement of artificial reefs to affect the health and survival of reef‐associated species.  相似文献   

Effect of practical diets with different protein levels on the performance of Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles nursed in a zero exchange suspended microbial flocs intensive system     

E.L.C. BALLESTER  P.C. ABREU  R.O. CAVALLI  M. EMERENCIANO  L. De ABREU  W. WASIELESKY JR 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2010,16(2):163-172

Farfantepenaeus paulensis juveniles (72 ± 24 mg), were reared in a suspended microbial flocs system and fed practical diets containing increasing amounts of crude protein (250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 g kg^?1 CP). Development of microbial flocs was promoted by high aeration rates and fertilization with wheat bran and molasses. Flocs were composed of detritus in the form of flocculated matter colonized by heterotrophic bacteria, cocoid and filamentous cyanobacteria, flagellate and ciliate protozoa and rotifers. Proximate composition analysis of the suspended microbial floc showed CP levels of 304 g kg^?1. After 45 days, mean shrimp survival were above 89%, with no significant differences between treatments. Shrimp fed diets with 350 g kg^?1 or higher CP content achieved significant higher (P < 0.05) final weight (0.66–0.68 g), weight gain (0.58–0.61 g) and instantaneous growth rate (0.049–0.050), with feed conversion rates (2.17–2.30) significantly lower (P < 0.05). Results show that, when rearing is carried out in a suspended microbial flocs system, dietary CP levels can be kept at 350 g kg^?1. Furthermore, results confirm that microbial‐based systems allow shrimp culture without compromising the surrounding environment and shows the possible reduction of production costs and fish meal dependence.  相似文献   

Transduction and Transplantation of Spermatogonia into the Testis of Ram Lambs through the Extra-testicular Rete     

JR Rodriguez-Sosa  JD Silvertown  RA Foster  JA Medin  A Hahnel 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(4):612-620

Spermatogonial transplantation will provide a new way to study spermatogenesis in domestic animals, disseminate male genetics and produce transgenic animals, if efficiency can be improved. We evaluated a 'surgical' method for transplanting donor cells into testes of ram lambs, where the head of the epididymis is reflected, and a catheter introduced into the extra-testicular rete testis. We also tested transduction of ram spermatogonia with a lentiviral (LV) vector as a means to identify permanent colonization, and introduce genes into donor cells. Eight ram lambs, 11- to 13-week olds, were the recipients: in five, spermatogonia were injected into one testis, and the contralateral testis was an un-manipulated control: in two, spermatogonia were injected into one testis and the contralateral was sham-injected: in one, both testes were injected. Six lambs received spermatogonia labelled with a cell-tracking dye and these were collected 1 or 2 weeks after transplantation; three lambs received spermatogonia transduced with a LV vector driving the expression of enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein and these were collected after 2 months. Donor cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in tubules of seven of nine recipient testes. Approximately 22% of tubule cross-sections contained donor cells immediately after transplantation, and 0.2% contained virally transduced cells 2 months after transplantation. The onset of spermatogenesis was delayed, and there were lesions in both injected and sham-injected testes. Despite the effects of the surgery, elongated spermatids were present in one recipient testis 2 months after surgery. The results suggest that, after modifying the surgical and transduction techniques, this approach will be a means to produce good colonization by donor spermatogonia in sheep testes.  相似文献