Involvement of carboxypeptidase in the degradation of the mung bean (Vigna radiata) trypsin inhibitor during germination and early seedling growth     

Karl A. Wilson  Berit R. Rightmire  Anna L. Tan-Wilson 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1985,35(3):195-211

Examination of the substrate specifity of the carboxypeptidase activity of ungerminated and germinated mung beans (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) reveals the presence of two distinct enzymes. The first of these, carboxypeptidase I, is maximally active against carbobenzyloxy-Ala-Phe. It is present in large amounts in the cotyledons of ungerminated seeds, and declines rapidly during germination. The second, carboxypeptidase II, is most active against carbobenzyloxy-Phe-Ala. This enzyme increases in the cotyledons during germination and seedling growth.The possible involvement of one or both of these enzymes in the degradation of the native mung bean trypsin inhibitor (MBTI - F) and its proteolytically modified forms (MBTI - E, - C, and - E') during germination was also examined. The enzyme catalyzing one step in the conversion of MBTI - E to MBTI - C has been isolated with 557-fold purification from germinated mung beans. The inhibitor-degrading enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 60,000. It is optimally active against MBTI - E at between pH 4.0 to 4.5. No activity was found with MBTI - F, - E', or - C as substrates. The enzyme has been identified as the carboxypeptidase II on the basis of (1) coelution during chromatography, (2) action on synthetic and natural substrates, (3) sensitivity to enzyme inhibitors, and (4) temporal variation during germination. The MBTI degrading carboxypeptidase removes the two carboxyl-terminal residues from MBTI - E to produce an inhibitor species that co-migrates with MBTI - C on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but has not been subjected to the internal cleavage and proteolysis at the amino-terminus found in MBTI - C.Supported by National Science Foundation Grants PCM 8003854 and PCM 8301202Abbreviations used are: TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; Cbz-, carbobenzyloxy-; PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; MBTI, mung bean trypsin inhibitor; SDS, sodium dodecylsulfate; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.  相似文献   

Effects of intravenous terbutaline on heart rate,arterial pressure and blood gases in anesthetized horses breathing air     

Isla Arcaro  Berit L. Fischer  Kara M. Lascola  Stuart C. Clark-Price 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):70-76

Objective

To investigate the effects of intravenous (IV) administration of terbutaline on PaO₂, PaCO₂, pH, heart rate (HR) and arterial pressures in healthy, laterally recumbent horses breathing ambient air under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).

Study design

Prospective experimental study.

Animals

Eight healthy adult horses were enrolled. Six horses, four mares and two geldings weighing 433-624 kg, completed the study.

Methods

Horses were sedated with xylazine (1.0 mg kg^?1) IV for placement of arterial and venous catheters. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.1 mg kg^?1) and ketamine (2.2 mg kg^?1) IV and maintained with an IV infusion of guaifenesin (50 mg mL^?1), ketamine (2 mg mL^?1) and xylazine (0.5 mg mL^?1) at 1.9 ± 0.3 mL kg^?1 hour^?1. Horses were in left lateral recumbency and breathed air spontaneously. Arterial blood was collected for pH and blood gas analysis during xylazine sedation, 15 minutes after induction of anesthesia, immediately before and 5, 15 and 30 minutes after administration of terbutaline (2 μg kg^?1), and when the horse was standing after recovery from anesthesia. HR, systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures were recorded at 5 minute intervals during anesthesia. Normal data were analyzed with anova and non-normal data were analyzed with a Friedman test with a p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

The mean PaO₂ decreased from baseline to <60 mmHg (8.0 kPa) during anesthesia (p < 0.0001) and did not improve after administration of terbutaline. After terbutaline administration, HR increased (p = 0.002), and SAP, MAP and DAP decreased (p < 0.001) with the greatest changes occurring immediately after terbutaline administration.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Terbutaline (2 μg kg^?1) IV did not improve PaO₂ and was associated with adverse cardiovascular effects during TIVA in healthy, laterally recumbent horses breathing air.  相似文献   

Use of malathion against ectoparasites on lactating cows     

Berit Muan  Janneche Utne Skre  Nils E. Sli  Kari Grave  Stig degaard 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1985,26(3):352-362

The clinical effect, residues in milk and toxicological properties of a non-commercial formulation of malathion used as an ectoparasitic agent on cattle were investigated. The results show that the malathion preparation has a desired clinical effect. The maximum concentration of malathion in milk after topical application of 5 g malathion was 0.054 μg/ml 4–6 h post-treatment, and declined to 0.005 and 0.002 μg/ml 24 and 48 h post-treatment, respectively. Totally 0.006–0.03 % of the applied dose was excreted in the milk. No toxic effect, measured as inhibition of the cholinesterases in erythrocytes and plasma, could be detected after therapeutic use of malathion.The pharmacokinetic evaluation after 2.5 g intravenous administration of malathion, indicated that the kinetics could probably be described by a multicompartment model.  相似文献   

Chemical and structural changes during heartwood formation in Pinus sylvestris     

Bergstrom  Berit 《Forestry》2003,76(1):45-53

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Chimeric rabies viruses for trans-species comparison of lyssavirus glycoprotein ectodomain functions in virus replication and pathogenesis     

Genz B  Nolden T  Negatsch A  Teifke JP  Conzelmann KK  Finke S 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(5-6):219-227

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The raccoon (Procyon lotor) as potential rabies reservoir species in Germany: a risk assessment     

Vos A  Ortmann S  Kretzschmar AS  Köhnemann B  Michler F 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(5-6):228-235

Terrestrial wildlife rabies has been successfully eliminated from Germany predominantly as a result of the distribution of oral rabies vaccine baits. In case that wildlife rabies would re-emerge among its known reservoir species in Germany, swift action based on previous experiences could spatially and temporally limit and subsequently control such an outbreak. However, if rabies emerged in the raccoon population in Germany (Procyon lotor), there are no tools or local experience available to cope with this situation. This is especially worrisome for urban areas like Kassel (Hesse) due to the extremely high raccoon population density. A rabies outbreak among this potential reservoir host species in these urban settings could have a significant impact on public and animal health.  相似文献   

Colicin production in relation to pathogenicity factors in strains of Escherichia coli isolated from the intestinal tract of piglets     

Berit K. Djnne 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1985,26(2):145-152

Three hundred and fifteen E. coli strains isolated from piglets dead due to neonatal E. coli diarrhea or traumatic lesions, were examined for presence of enterotoxin production, K-antigens 88 and 99, antibiotic resistance and colicin-production.Almost 100 % of the E. coli strains positive on enterotoxin production produced colicin, while approx. 17 % of the non-enterotoxigenic strains did so.Ninety-nine % of the E. coli strains harbouring K-antigens were found to produce colicin, while approx. 23 % of the strains without detectable K-antigens did so.In strains where neither K-antigens nor enterotoxin production was found, resistance against tetracycline, neomycin and ampicillin, and sensitivity against streptomycin, was more commonly found among colicin-producing strains, than among strains without colicin production.  相似文献   

Prevalence and relevance of avian Toxoplasma gondii infections in Europe     

Bangoura B  Zöller B  Daugschies A 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(11-12):485-496

Toxoplasma (T.) gondii is a parasitic protozoon whose life cycle includes a definite and an intermediate host. Besides a wide range of mammals also birds are suitable intermediate hosts. There are a high number of case reports, prevalence data and experimental studies regarding avian toxoplasmosis. In many domestic, wild and zoo bird species which are relevant in Europe the susceptibility for T. gondii infection could be demonstrated though susceptibility for clinical disease often seems to be low, especially in gallinaceous birds. Comprehensive Europe-wide studies concerning the occurrence of avian toxoplasmosis have not been conducted so far. The general infestation ratio of birds on European free-range poultry farms seems to be relatively high. The European wild bird population represents a significant reservoir for the pathogen. When evaluating the seroprevalence it has to be considered that sensitivity and specificity of the detection methods for T. gondii specific antigens which are used frequently in mammals often are not satisfying in birds.  相似文献   

Can adverse effects of dietary fat intake be overestimated as a consequence of dietary fat underreporting?     

Heitmann BL  Lissner L 《Public health nutrition》2005,8(8):1322-1327

OBJECTIVE: To describe the consequences of systematic reporting bias by the obese for diet-disease relationships. DESIGN: The present report used 24-hour urinary nitrogen and estimates of 24-hour energy expenditure to assess error in diet reporting, and examined the consequence of accounting for this error for associations between dietary fat intake and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. SETTING: Sub-study to the Danish MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) project, carried out in 1987-1988. SUBJECTS: A random sub-sample of the adult Danish male population (n = 152). RESULTS: Correcting dietary fat for underreporting error weakened, rather than strengthened, the association between dietary fat intake and LDL-cholesterol by reducing the slope of the regression from beta = 3.4, P = 0.02 to beta = 2.7, P = 0.04. CONCLUSION: This example illustrates that systematic underreporting of dietary fat by high-risk groups such as the obese may produce an overestimated association. These results imply that previous epidemiological studies showing a positive association between percentage of energy from fat and other health outcomes, e.g. cancer and heart disease, may have overestimated the negative effects of a high-fat diet. If we were able to correctly assess dietary fat intake in general populations, recommendations for fat intake may be more liberal than the 30% suggested today. Improved assessment of fat intake in epidemiological studies is necessary for future development of evidence-based recommendations for diet and health .  相似文献   

Shades of green: a social scientific view on bioeconomy in the forest sector     

Daniela Kleinschmit  Berit Hauger Lindstad  Bo Jellesmark Thorsen  Anne Toppinen  Anders Roos  Sjur Baardsen 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(4):402-410

Politics increasingly introduces initiatives supporting a shift toward a bioeconomy aiming at a society relying strongly on renewable biological sources while achieving economic growth efficiently and sustainably. However, the agenda of bioeconomy comprises different “shades of green,” in the sense that different actors stress different aspects of the concept, when embracing it in communication. This conceptual paper aims to present policy and socioeconomic theoretical frameworks and research areas relevant for a more holistic understanding of the bioeconomy concept applied to the forest sector, and identify a core set of potential contributions from social sciences for enhancing the bioeconomy in the forest sector. The paper focuses on studies within policy analysis, economics, and business administration disciplines. Thus it presents diverse disciplinary perspectives on the forest sector in a bioeconomy. Furthermore, innovation and sustainability have been identified as issues relevant to be approached across these disciplines.  相似文献