Paratuberculosis in goats--a special focus on the Nordic countries     

Djønne B 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2003,44(3-4):257-259

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Genetic Diversity in Relation to Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Populations of Melampsora larici-epitea     

Berit Samils  Valérie Stepien  Ulf Lagercrantz  Martin Lascoux  Urban Gullberg 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(9):871-881

Genetic diversity of Melampsora larici-epitea leaf rust from three cultivated stands of the willow Salix viminalis was studied using AFLP polymorphisms at 60 loci. One population was located in Northern Ireland and two in Sweden. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that most of the genetic variation was distributed on a fine scale within the field in all populations. Both Swedish populations displayed a very high genotypic diversity (normalized Shannon's indices of 0.95 and 1.00) and random association among loci. These results suggested that sexual reproduction had an important influence on the Swedish populations. The occurence of the alternate host (larch) adjacent to one of the Swedish rust populations did not affect the genetic diversity. However, severe rust attacks started earlier in the season in this population. The M. larici-epitea population in Northern Ireland was characterized by a low genotypic diversity (normalized Shannon's index = 0.54) and non-random association among loci was indicated by test of multilocus association and by pairwise tests among loci. These results suggested that asexual reproduction had a major effect on the genetic structure of this population, probably because of the overwintering of asexual spores and/or a population bottleneck associated with the annual sexual phase.  相似文献   

Sperm DNA integrity in Landrace and Duroc boar semen and its relationship to litter size     

Frydis D. Myromslien  Nina H. Tremoen  Ina Andersen‐Ranberg  Ragnhild Fransplass  Else‐Berit Stenseth  Teklu T. Zeremichael  Maren van Son  Eli Grindflek  Ann Helen Gaustad 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(2):160-166

The sperm chromatin structure assay is a method for assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation, a parameter reported to be negatively related to field fertility in several mammal species. This method calculates a DNA fragmentation index (DFI) whose high values indicate abnormal chromatin structure. In this study, running from March 2010 until June 2017, the aim was to assess sperm DFI in stored liquid extended semen from two different pig breeds, Norwegian Landrace (NL; n = 693) and Norwegian Duroc (ND; n = 655), and to evaluate the influence on total number of piglets born (TNB). There was a significantly higher median DFI (p < 0.0001) in ejaculates from the 478 ND boars compared to the 452 NL boars. Data from 19,496 NL litters and 3,877 ND litters of the same boars were retrieved. For either breed, sow herd (p < 0.0001), parity (p < 0.05) and DFI (p < 0.05) showed significant effects on TNB. The DFI was negatively correlated to TNB in both breeds. The boars with the 5% lowest TNB had a least square means DFI of 3.05% and 2.24% in NL and ND, respectively, compared to 1.67% and 1.23% for the boars with the 5% highest TNB (p < 0.01). The DFI and the motility of the same semen samples were negatively correlated (p < 0.0001), and the high and low TNB groups showed significant differences in motility. However, this difference could not be used for practical prediction of TNB group (92.1% vs. 89.7%; p = 0.0038 and 92.3% vs. 89.5%; p = 0.018; NL and ND, respectively). In conclusion, our results indicate that sperm DNA integrity in semen with good motility and morphology may be an additional prediction parameter for fertility in pigs.  相似文献   

Virulence characteristics of Bremia lactucae populations in Norway     

Berit Nordskog  Abdelhameed Elameen  David M. Gadoury  Arne Hermansen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(4):679-686

Use of resistant cultivars represent an efficient control measure for lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae), although the durability of presently deployed resistance genes remains uncertain. Our objective was to document the pathogenic diversity of B. lactucae isolates in Norway. A total of 69 isolates of B. lactucae were collected between 2001 and 2006 from 65 commercial fields and four greenhouses in southeastern and southwestern Norway and tested for the presence of one or more of 19 virulence factors (v-factors). Phenotypic diversity was calculated based on presence or absence of v-factors, and as an overall comparison of v-phenotypes for each isolate. Disease severity varied over the years of the study, and epidemics were most consistently severe in southeastern Norway. The most commonly occurring v-factors, in order of frequency, were v5/8, v7, v2, v18, v4, v13, v6, v11, v12, v1 and v10. Virulence factor v17 was not found, while v36 was found in one isolate only. A total of 44 different v-phenotypes were identified within the population represented by the 69 isolates, yielding an incidence of unique virulence types of 63 %; a relatively high level of pathogen diversity. Four of the identified v-phenotypes were identical to races Bl:17, 18, 22 and 24, which have been previously reported in European populations of B. lactucae. The variability of the Norwegian B. lactucae populations verifies the genetic flexibility of this pathogen and its great ability to adapt to changes in host plants and surrounding conditions.  相似文献   

Transfrontal orbitotomy in the dog: an adaptable three-step approach to the orbit     

Håkansson NW  Håkansson BW 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(6):377-383

Purpose To describe an adaptable and extensive method for orbitotomy in the dog. Methods An adaptable three‐step technique for orbitotomy was developed and applied in nine consecutive cases. The steps are zygomatic arch resection laterally, temporalis muscle elevation medially and zygomatic process osteotomy anteriorly–dorsally. The entire orbit is accessed with excellent exposure and room for surgical manipulation. Facial nerve, lacrimal nerve and lacrimal gland function are preserved. The procedure can easily be converted into an orbital exenteration. Results Exposure of the orbit was excellent in all cases and anatomically correct closure was achieved. Signs of postoperative discomfort were limited, with moderate, reversible swelling in two cases and mild in seven. Wound infection or emphysema did not occur, nor did any other complication attributable to the operative procedure. Blinking ability and lacrimal function were preserved over follow‐up times ranging from 1 to 4 years. Conclusions Transfrontal orbitotomy in the dog offers excellent exposure and room for manipulation. Anatomically correct closure is easily accomplished, postoperative discomfort is limited and complications are mild and temporary.  相似文献   

Sublethal effects and safe levels of carbon dioxide in seawater for Atlantic salmon postsmolts (Salmo salar L.): ion regulation and growth     

Sveinung Fivelstad  Harald Haavik  Geir Lvik  Anne Berit Olsen 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1998,160(3-4):305-316

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) postsmolts (0.17–0.26 kg) were exposed to four different levels of carbon dioxide partial pressure for 43 days in an open flow system: 0.6 mm Hg (control), 4.9 mm Hg (low), 12 mm Hg (medium), and 20 mm Hg (high). The water temperature was 15–16°C and the salinity 34‰. In the low carbon dioxide group (P_CO2=4.9 mm Hg; 10.6 mg/l), no significant differences were found in blood parameters (haematocrit, plasma chloride and plasma sodium) or in growth parameters (weight, length and condition factor) when compared to the control group. After 43 days, the mean plasma chloride concentration for the medium group (P_CO2=12 mm Hg; 26 mg/l) was significantly reduced, while weight and condition factor were slightly, although not significantly, lowered. For the high carbon dioxide group (P_CO2=20 mm Hg; 44 mg/l) plasma sodium and plasma pH were significantly increased and plasma chloride, oxygen consumption, weight, length and condition factor were significantly reduced at the end of exposure. There was no mortality in the control group or in the low carbon dioxide group. The mortalities in the medium and high carbon dioxide groups were 1.1 and 4.3%, respectively. Nephrocalsinosis was not observed in any of the groups. The results of the present investigation indicate that the CO₂ concentration of the low group may represent a safe level for Atlantic salmon postsmolts when the temperature is 15–16°C and the oxygen level is 6–7 mg/l. Further studies are required.  相似文献   

The National Paratuberculosis Program in Norway     

Tharaldsen J  Djønne B  Fredriksen B  Nyberg O  Siguroardóttir O 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2003,44(3-4):243-246

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Optical Properties of the Epidermis of Leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) and Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) after Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation     

Jorunn S. Gislefoss  Berit Kjeldstad  Anne K. Bakken 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):173-176

Abstract

The optical properties of the epidermis of two crops grown in Nordic countries, leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), were investigated after exposure to enhanced UV-B radiation in a glasshouse. Enhanced UV-B radiation was given to cabbage and leek during the growth period. A significant increase in extractable UV-absorbing pigments was found in the epidermis of UV-irradiated leek compared to control plants, whereas no such difference was found in the epidermis of cabbage. The pigments produced had absorption maxima at approximately 340 nm and were most likely flavonoids.  相似文献   

Multiplex qPCR assay for simultaneous quantification of CYP51-S524T and SdhC-H152R substitutions in European populations of Zymoseptoria tritici     

Pierre Hellin  Maxime Duvivier  Aurélie Clinckemaillie  Charlotte Bataille  Anne Legrève  Thies M. Heick  Lise N. Jørgensen  Björn Andersson  Berit Samils  Bernd Rodemann  Gunilla Berg  Steven Kildea 《Plant pathology》2020,69(9):1666-1677

Demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are currently relied upon for the control of septoria tritici blotch (STB) in European wheat fields. However, multiple mutations have occurred over time in the genes encoding the targeted proteins that have led to a practical loss of fungicide efficacies. Among the different amino acid substitutions in Zymoseptoria tritici associated with resistance to these fungicides, S524T in CYP51 (DMI target) and H152R in SdhC (SDHI target) are regarded as conferring the highest resistance factors to DMI and SDHI, respectively. To facilitate further studies on the monitoring and selection of these substitutions in Z. tritici populations, a multiplex allele-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay allowing for estimation of both allele frequencies in bulk DNA matrices was developed. The assay was then used on complex DNA samples originating from a spore trap network set up in Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, and Ireland in 2017 and 2018, as well as on leaf samples with symptoms. The S524T allele was present in all field samples and its proportion was significantly higher in Ireland than in Belgium, whereas the proportion of H152R was only sporadically present in both countries. The frequency of S524T varied greatly in the airborne inoculum of all four countries; however, the H152R allele was never detected in the airborne inoculum. The method developed in this study can be readily adopted by other laboratories and used for multiple applications including resistance monitoring in field populations of Z. tritici.  相似文献   

A comparison of epidural buprenorphine plus detomidine with morphine plus detomidine in horses undergoing bilateral stifle arthroscopy     

Berit L Fischer DVM  Diplomate ACVA    John W Ludders DVM  Diplomate  ACVA    Makoto Asakawa BVSc    Lisa A Fortier DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS    Susan L Fubini DVM  Diplomate ACVS    Alan J Nixon DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS    Rolfe M Radcliffe DVM  Diplomate ACVS  & Hollis N Erb† DVM  MS  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(1):67-76

ObjectiveTo compare the analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine plus detomidine with that of morphine plus detomidine when administered epidurally in horses undergoing bilateral stifle arthroscopy.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded clinical trial.AnimalsTwelve healthy adult horses participating in an orthopedic research study. Group M (n = 6) received morphine (0.2 mg kg^?1) and detomidine (0.15 mg kg^?1) epidurally; group B (n = 6) received buprenorphine (0.005 mg kg^?1) and detomidine (0.15 mg kg^?1) epidurally.MethodsHorses received one of two epidural treatments following induction of general anesthesia for bilateral stifle arthroscopy. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), end-tidal CO₂ (Pe’CO₂), and end-tidal isoflurane concentrations (E’Iso%) were recorded every 15 minutes following epidural administration. Post-operative assessment was performed at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after standing; variables recorded included HR, respiratory rate (f_R), abdominal borborygmi, defecation, and the presence of undesirable side effects. At the same times post-operatively, each horse was videotaped at a walk and subsequently assigned a lameness score (0-4) by three ACVS diplomates blinded to treatment and who followed previously published guidelines. Nonparametric data were analyzed using Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test. Inter- and intra-rater agreement were determined using weighted kappa coefficients. Statistical significance was set at p = 0.05.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between groups with respect to intra-operative HR, MAP, E’Iso%, or post-operative HR, gastrointestinal function and cumulative median lameness scores. Post-operative f_R in group B [24 (12-30), median (range)] breaths per minute was significantly higher than in group M [18 (15-20)] breaths per minute, p = 0.04.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn horses undergoing bilateral stifle arthroscopy, these doses of buprenorphine plus detomidine injected epidurally produced analgesia similar in intensity and duration to that of morphine plus detomidine injected epidurally.  相似文献