Development of a semi-nested PCR for the improved detection of Mycoplasma bovis from bovine milk and mucosal samples   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hayman B  Hirst R 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,91(2-3):91-100

A new forward primer, Mb-F, was designed to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility of the Mycoplasma bovis-specific PCR developed by Ghadersohi et al. [Vet. Microbiol. 56 (1997) 87] for testing clinical samples. A semi-nested (SN) PCR configuration was developed and this provided enhanced sensitivity and reproducibility. The detection limit of the SN PCR was in the range of 10-100cfu/ml and the correct amplicon was amplified from 9.15pg/microliter of total extracted DNA (mixture of M. bovis and bovine cellular DNA). A dot blot assay was also developed and compared with the SN PCR on a number of randomly selected milk and mucosal samples. The dot blot had the same level of detection as the SN PCR. The specificity of the SN configuration was confirmed by Southern blot analysis and automated sequencing of the PCR product. The results from the tests on the samples from cattle, together with those from sheep, provided evidence that M. bovis is host-specific and that most cattle are colonised. The assay was shown to be specific, sensitive and reproducible and could be used successfully to detect M. bovis directly from clinical material without pre-enrichment.  相似文献   

Gene expression signatures in neutrophils exposed to glucocorticoids: a new paradigm to help explain "neutrophil dysfunction" in parturient dairy cows   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Burton JL  Madsen SA  Chang LC  Weber PS  Buckham KR  van Dorp R  Hickey MC  Earley B 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,105(3-4):197-219

Neutrophils are the first line of immunity against most pathogens that infect cattle. These normally short-lived white blood cells develop from myeloid-lineage cells in bone marrow. Upon maturation, bone marrow neutrophils are released into the circulation where they marginate on inflamed blood vessel endothelial cells and migrate through them into the area of infection. Once migrated, neutrophils do not reenter the circulation, but rather, perform their bactericidal functions and die by apoptosis in the tissue. The cytokine and hormonal milieu of the blood and extracellular tissue fluid can influence neutrophil development and immunity-related activities, but the molecular basis of these phenotypic changes and physiological benefits or drawbacks of them are poorly understood. In the current paper, we review new gene expression information that resulted from two of our functional genomics studies designed to evaluate effects of glucocorticoid hormones on bovine neutrophils. This work provides one model to describe complex changes that occur in neutrophils as the cells respond to glucocorticoids, which might act to alter the cells' functional priorities and tip the delicate balance between health and disease during stress, including at parturition. A bovine immunobiology microarray and real time RT-PCR were used to study blood neutrophils collected during the natural surge of endogenous glucocorticoid (cortisol) in parturient dairy cows and bone marrow neutrophils collected from glucocorticoid (dexamethasone)-treated dairy steers. The gene expression signatures we observed led us to perform additional phenotyping of the neutrophils and correlation analyses, which together painted a picture suggesting that glucocorticoids have key roles in modulating neutrophil development, life span, and tissue defense functions during parturition and hormone therapy. Based on these observations, we postulate that glucocorticoids orchestrate adaptive changes in the entire neutrophil system that support increased cell numbers and longevity in blood and heightened remodeling activity in tissues, while at the same time decreasing some important antimicrobial defense activities of the cells. Thus, our functional genomics studies have enabled us to elucidate multiple consequences of neutrophil exposure to glucocorticoids, highlighting a probable role for this interaction in the induction of parturition and partly explaining why some parturient dairy cows may experience heightened incidence and severity of inflammatory diseases like mastitis.  相似文献   

Phenotypic Differences Between vacuma and transposa subpopulations of Botrytis cinerea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fabian Martinez  Dominique Blancard  Pascal Lecomte  Caroline Levis  Bernadette Dubos  Marc Fermaud 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(5):479-488

One hundred and twenty-one single-spore strains of Botrytis cinerea isolated from Bordeaux vineyards were molecularly characterized as either transposa or vacuma, two subpopulations of B. cinerea distinguished by the presence of transposable elements. Forty-three vacuma and 68 transposa strains were distributed into two main classes (mycelial or sclerotial) by morphological phenotype according to the organ of origin. Strains isolated from overwintering sclerotia produced exclusively sclerotial colonies. The mycelial growth rate of 21 transposa and 13 vacuma strains was significantly influenced by agar-medium and temperature. The mycelial growth rate was significantly strain-dependent at favourable temperatures (15, 20 and 25 °C), but not at limiting ones (5 and 28 °C): vacuma strains showed the fastest growth rates. The strains of the two subpopulations were similar in virulence on both host species tested (Vitis vinifera and Nicotiana clevelandii). The grapevine leaves were significantly more susceptible to B. cinerea than those of tobacco. A significant negative correlation was established between virulence and mycelial growth rate. The epidemiological consequences concerning population structure of B. cinerea in vineyards are discussed.  相似文献   

Disease screening profiles and colostrum management practices on 16 Irish suckler beef farms     

James O’Shaughnessy  Bernadette Earley  Damien Barrett  Michael L Doherty  Paul Crosson  Theo de Waal  John F Mee 《Irish veterinary journal》2015,68(1)

Background

Calf output is a key element in determining the profitability of a suckler beef enterprise. Infectious agents such as Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD) virus, colostrum management and parasitic challenge can all affect calf output. Prior to the national BVD eradication programme, there was little published information on either the prevalence or effect of BVD in Irish beef herds. There is little published information on colostrum management practices in Irish commercial beef herds and there have also been few studies published on the prevalence of liver fluke or rumen fluke infection in Irish beef herds. Sixteen farms participating in the Teagasc/Farmers Journal BETTER farm beef programme were used in this study. Fourteen herds were screened for the presence of BVD virus in 2010 using RT-PCR. In 13 herds, blood samples were collected from calves (2–14 days of age) in November 2011 - April 2012 to determine their passive immune status using the zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) test, while in 12 herds, blood and faecal samples were taken in order to determine the level of exposure to gastrointestinal and hepatic helminths.

Results

The overall prevalence of BVD virus-positive cattle was 0.98% (range 0 - 3% per herd, range 0.6 - 3.0% per positive herd). Eighteen of the 82 calves (22%) sampled had ZST values less than 20 units (herd mean range 17.0 – 38.5 units) indicating a failure of passive transfer. The overall animal-level (herd-level) prevalence of liver fluke and rumen fluke infection in these herds was 40.5% (100%) and 20.8% (75%), respectively.

Conclusions

The potential costs associated with the presence of animals persistently infected with BVD virus through the increased use of antibiotics; the rate of failure of passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins and the high prevalence of liver fluke infection in these herds highlight that some Irish suckler beef farms may not be realizing their economic potential due to a range of herd health issues. The use of farm-specific herd health plans should be further encouraged on Irish suckler beef farms.  相似文献   

Assessment and comparison of proximate,fatty acid and mineral composition of six edible portions of South African cultured yellowtail (Seriola lalandi)          下载免费PDF全文

Bernadette O'Neill  Andrew B Burke  Louwrens C Hoffman 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(6):2718-2728

A whole fillet (A) and five distinct anatomical portions within a fillet (B–F) of South African farmed yellowtail were assessed for proximate, fatty acid and mineral composition. Within the whole fillet, moisture, protein, fat and ash accounted for 71%, 21%, 5% and 1% of the proximate composition respectively. Considerable inter‐muscular variation in nutritional composition was observed, however, the dorsal section (portions B and D) was most representative of the proximate, fatty acid and mineral composition of the whole yellowtail fillet and may be used in future studies. High variability in mineral and essential fatty acid content was observed and no one portion could be considered to contain a superior nutrient complex. South African farmed yellowtail can be considered a semi‐oily fish (5.3% fat) with relatively high levels of PUFA detected (PUFA > SFA > MUFA) primarily located in the dorsal and caudal sections. This study provided important information regarding the nutritional composition of South African reared yellowtail as well as recommendations regarding the sub‐sampling of specific portions for future nutrient composition studies.  相似文献   

Biofunctionalised polycaprolactone fibrous mat as a transfer tool for cell sheet engineering     

Bernadette K. Madathil  Sneha Sundaran P.  T. V. Kumary  Anugya Bhatt  P. R. Anil Kumar 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(11):2094-2101

Cell sheet technology is a unique technique in tissue engineering where cell sheets are generated from thermoresponsive substrates, by simple variation of temperature. Though the cell sheets have intact cell-cell and cell-extra cellular matrix junctions, the transfer of large sheets needs a carrier or transfer tool to prevent it from rolling and folding. In this study polycaprolactone electrospun mats with porous fibers (PPCL) functionalized with thrombin is proposed as a cell sheet transfer tool. The biofunctionalised mats were evaluated for cytocompatibility and analyzed for its efficiency to form a clot when exposed to blood plasma. This property was utilized to use the mats for cell sheet engineering. The efficacy of the biofunctionalised mat as a carrier was successfully demonstrated in the transfers of human lung epithelial and mouse fibroblast cell sheets generated from a thermoresponsive N-Isopropylacrylamide-co-Glycidylmethacrylate substrates. The clot acts like a sacrificial adhesive between the cells and the mat making the later to be used as a carrier tool in cell sheet engineering.  相似文献   

Positive interaction with improved animal welfare     

Driesse M  Austie B 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2011,136(9):664-665

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Calf health from birth to weaning. I. General aspects of disease prevention     

Lorenz I  Mee JF  Earley B  More SJ 《Irish veterinary journal》2011,64(1):10-8

Calfhood diseases have a major impact on the economic viability of cattle operations. This is the first in a three part review series on calf health from birth to weaning, focusing on preventive measures. The review considers both pre- and periparturient management factors influencing calf health, colostrum management in beef and dairy calves and further nutrition and weaning in dairy calves.  相似文献   

Higher whole-blood selenium is associated with improved immune responses in footrot-affected sheep     

Hall JA  Sendek RL  Chinn RM  Bailey DP  Thonstad KN  Wang Y  Forsberg NE  Vorachek WR  Stang BV  Van Saun RJ  Bobe G 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):99

ABSTRACT: We reported previously that sheep affected with footrot (FR) have lower whole-blood selenium (WB-Se) concentrations and that parenteral Se-supplementation in conjunction with routine control practices accelerates recovery from FR. The purpose of this follow-up study was to investigate the mechanisms by which Se facilitates recovery from FR. Sheep affected with FR (n = 38) were injected monthly for 15 months with either 5 mg Se (FR-Se) or saline (FR-Sal), whereas 19 healthy sheep received no treatment. Adaptive immune function was evaluated after 3 months of Se supplementation by immunizing all sheep with a novel protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The antibody titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test to KLH were used to assess humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, respectively. Innate immunity was evaluated after 3 months of Se supplementation by measuring intradermal responses to histamine 30 min after injection compared to KLH and saline, and after 15 months of Se supplementation by isolating neutrophils and measuring their bacterial killing ability and relative abundance of mRNA for genes associated with neutrophil migration. Compared to healthy sheep, immune responses to a novel protein were suppressed in FR-affected sheep with smaller decreases in FR-affected sheep that received Se or had WB-Se concentrations above 250 ng/mL at the time of the immune assays. Neutrophil function was suppressed in FR-affected sheep, but was not changed by Se supplementation or WB-Se status. Sheep FR is associated with depressed immune responses to a novel protein, which may be partly restored by improving WB-Se status (> 250 ng/mL).  相似文献   

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN CANINE ELBOWS ARTHROSCOPICALLY DIAGNOSED WITH EROSION OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT: AN ANALYTICAL METHOD COMPARISON STUDY          下载免费PDF全文

Eva Coppieters  Bernadette Van Ryssen  Henri van Bree  Geert Verhoeven  Bart Broeckx  Evelien de Bakker  Dieter Deforce  Ingrid Gielen 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(6):572-581

Medial compartment erosion is an advanced stage of medial coronoid disease, an important cause of elbow lameness in dogs, with treatment and the expected prognosis depending on the extent of the cartilage lesions. The identification of specific computed tomographic (CT) findings might facilitate the nonsurgical diagnosis and add to treatment decision making. Aims of this retrospective, analytical, method comparison study were to describe CT findings in elbows of dogs arthroscopically diagnosed with medial compartment erosion and to compare CT vs. arthroscopic findings. A total of 56 elbows met inclusion criteria. Elbows with focal (n = 13), diffuse (n = 11), and complete (n = 32) erosion were compared. Prevalence findings for CT lesions were as follows: periarticular osteophytosis (100%), abnormal shape of the medial coronoid process of the ulna (96.4%), and subchondral bone defect of the medial part of the humeral condyle (MHC; 96.4%). The three groups significantly differed for presence of medial coronoid process fragmentation, radial head subchondral bone sclerosis, and widening of the humeroulnar joint space. No significant agreement was found between CT and arthroscopy for presence of a subchondral bone defect of the MHC. A significant agreement was found between CT and arthroscopy for presence of fragmentation of the medial coronoid process. However, some of the calcified body/fragment(s) visualized on CT in the region of the medial coronoid process could not be identified via arthroscopy. Findings indicated that an accurate estimation of the extent of the elbow cartilage lesions still requires arthroscopic joint inspection.  相似文献