Response of sugarcane ratoon to nitrogen without and with the application of silicon     

Bernardo Melo Montes Nogueira Borges  Thiago Batista Firmato De Almeida  Renato De Mello Prado 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(6):793-803

The objective was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen, associated to silicon, on soil chemical properties, nutritional status and yield of the second sugarcane ratoon. The experiment was carried out at a Haplustox, loamy texture. The treatments consisted of urea rates of 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha^?1 and two sources of correctives: silicate and lime. The use of nitrogen (N) associated with silicate and lime did not affect soil fertility; however, the use of silicate increased soil silicon content at harvest. Growth variables were not affected by the application of the treatments, except stalk number at harvest, which increased in the presence of silicon. N rates and the correctives did not affect the crop nutritional status, but affected the N and Si accumulation in the plant. The N rates increased the sugarcane ratoon yield regardless the use of silicate; however, they did not affect its technological quality.  相似文献   

Isoenzymatic variability in an apple germplasm bank     

Reyes Itoiz  J. Bernardo Royo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(4):391-400

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a species, which has a very high degree of morphologic and genetic variability. Genetic variability within a group formed by 277 old varieties from Navarra has been studied through isoenzymatic analysis. 14 loci, corresponding to 7 isoenzymatic systems, were visualized, detecting between 1 and 5 alleles per locus. The combinations of all 12 polymorphic isoenzymes allowed the identification of 263 isoenzymatic groups, 251 of which include a single accession. Average similarity for the different accessions in the bank was J = 0.58 and cophenetic correlation between the similarity matrix and dendrogram was good (r = 0.80). Thus, the groups obtained reflect taxonomic relationships between accessions correctly.  相似文献   

Simulium jenningsi Malloch (Diptera: Simuliidae): a vector of Onchocerca lienalis Stiles (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in New York     

J B Lok  E W Cupp  M J Bernardo 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(12):2355-2358

Biting flies were collected from the umbilical areas of Onchocerca lienalis-infected cattle in New York (state) from June through September of 1980. Of the 766 flies collected, 705 were Simulium jenningsi. Microfilariae were detected in the midguts of 37 (50%) of 73 females dissected immediately after the flies had fed. The mean number of larvae per positive fly (fly with microfilariae) was 15.2. Third-stage larvae were recovered from 25 (21.9%) of 114 S jenningsi dissected 8 to 13 days after they had fed on the infected cattle; the mean number of 3rd-stage larvae per positive fly was 3.5. Dissections of flies performed on days 1 through 7 after feeding yielded various numbers of 1st and 2nd-stage larvae from the thoracic muscles. Ovarian dissections performed on 304 S jenningsi attacking cattle indicated an overall parous rate of 58%. Naturally occurring infections with filarial larvae indistinguishable from O lienalis were found in 7.3% of the parous females. Three of these flies, or 1.7% of the parous collection, harbored 3rd-stage larvae. The onset of naturally occurring filarial infections in the population of S jenningsi coincided with a peak in the parous rate in late June. Thereafter, filarial infections were generally detected when the parous rate was above 50%.  相似文献   

Commercial formulation containing 2,4-D affects biochemical parameters and morphological indices of silver catfish exposed for 90 days     

Charlene Menezes  Milene B. Fonseca  Jossiele Leitemperger  Alexandra Pretto  Bibiana S. Moraes  Camila R. Murussi  Bernardo Baldisserotto  Vania L. Loro 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2015,41(2):323-330

  相似文献   

Evaluation of three cycles of full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection in two maize populations from the Northeast of Spain     

Javier Peña-Asín  Ángel Álvarez  Amando Ordás  Bernardo Ordás 《Euphytica》2013,191(2):301-310

In Europe a heterotic pattern commonly used in maize breeding is “American Dent × European Flint”. Maize breeding programs generally use only a small portion of the useful genetic variability present in the local open-pollinated varieties which, otherwise, have a poor performance that hampers their use. Two maize composites, EZS33 formed by open-pollinated flint varieties from dry or Mediterranean Spain, and EZS34 from USA dent populations, were developed in Zaragoza (Spain). Both were subjected to three cycles of full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) for yield. The objective of our study was to evaluate after three cycles of selection the effect of RRS. The selection significantly increased yield in the population crosses (3.0 % per cycle) and in the crosses of the populations with testers of different origin. The correlated responses for the population crosses in other agronomic traits like flowering and early vigor were in the desired direction, but plant height was reduced. We propose that stover yield or related traits could be included in selection programs as selection criteria to prevent their decline. The adapted population increased the frequency of favorable alleles for yield, but the inbreeding depression counteracted their effect on the mean. RRS had a positive effect on other traits. According to our data, RRS can be useful to develop improved populations from which it would be possible to develop lines with improved both specific and general combining ability with different heterotic groups. We conclude that the heterotic pattern “Mediterranean Spain × US Dent” is potentially very useful for maize breeding for adaptation to Mediterranean conditions and an interesting source of cultivars for low-input agriculture.  相似文献   

Field trial evaluating changes in prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from growing broilers medicated with enrofloxacin, apramycin and amoxicillin     

Paulo Martins da Costa  Anabela Belo  Jos Gonalves  Fernando Bernardo 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,139(3-4):284-292

The present study investigates, under field conditions, the influence of antimicrobial administration on prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from growing broilers. For this purpose, a group of 16,000 commercial broiler chickens was treated with enrofloxacin from day 1 to day 3, gentamicin from day 19 to day 21, and ampicillin from day 26 to day 28. A control group of 16,000 broilers was placed in the same controlled environment poultry house. Fecal (from both groups) and feed samples were collected at regular intervals. Few E. coli isolates were obtained from either farm environment or poultry feed samples, while enterococci were found to be ubiquitous among these samples. The frequency of resistance against most antimicrobials tested was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in E. coli isolated from broilers receiving intermittent antimicrobial pressure than that from non-medicated broilers, whereas in enterococci these differences were only observed among structurally related antimicrobial drugs and over a short period of time. By the time the broilers reached market age (33 days), several multi-resistant E. coli and enterococci were detected in the feces of the medicated group. Results suggest that antimicrobial resistance in E. coli was mainly medication-dependent, whereas among enterococci, changes observed over time were apparently influenced by factors apart from antimicrobial exposure, namely the resistance organisms previously present in farm environment and those present in feedstuffs.  相似文献   

Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost     

Yoav Bashan  Bernardo Salazar  Ma. Esther Puente  Macario Bacilio  Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594

To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.  相似文献   

Effect of fasting and feeding on growth,intestinal morphology and enteroendocrine cell density in Rhamdia quelen juveniles          下载免费PDF全文

David Roque Hernández  Carlos Eduardo Barrios  Juan José Santinón  Sebastián Sánchez  Bernardo Baldisserotto 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(4):1512-1520

This study was carried out to assess the effect of fasting and feeding on growth, intestinal morphology and density of cholecystokinin (CCK‐) and neuropeptide Y (NPY‐) immunoreactive cells in Rhamdia quelen. Fish were fed during 30 days with three commercial feeds containing different protein levels (T1 = 25%, T2 = 30% and T3 = 45%) while one group remained food deprived (T0). Our results show that the T3 group presented higher final mean weight and specific growth rate, while food‐deprived group showed a significant weight loss. Histological analyses showed that the epithelial area of the intestine was significantly affected by fasting. Also, immunohistochemical analyses showed changes in enteroendocrine cells density, according to nutritional status. Cholecystokinin cell density was higher in T2 and T3 groups, while no differences in NPY cell density were observed between fed groups. Neuropeptide Y and CCK cell densities decreased in fasted group. Nevertheless, this group presented a higher NPY:CCK cell ratio (5:1) compared to fed groups (1–1.5:1), suggesting NPY acts as a peripheral orexigenic factor. These results show that the structure and endocrine functions of R. quelen intestine respond with a downregulation mechanism to endure long‐term starvation.  相似文献   

Anesthesia and anesthetic action mechanism of essential oils of Aloysia triphylla and Cymbopogon flexuosus in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)     

Alessandro C. dos Santos  Guerino B. Junior  Daniane C. Zago  Carla C. Zeppenfeld  Daniela T. da Silva  Berta M. Heinzmann  Bernardo Baldisserotto  Mauro A. da Cunha 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):106-113

Objectives

To document the time for anesthesia induction and recovery using different concentrations of essential oils (EOs) of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Aloysia triphylla in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), and to determine whether the mechanism of action of either EO involves the benzodiazepine (BDZ) site of the GABA_A receptor.

Study design

Experimental study.

Animals

A total of 144 silver catfish, length 7.5 ± 1.1 cm, weighing 3.95 ± 0.85 g.

Methods

Essential oils were evaluated at concentrations of 25, 150 and 300 μL L^?1, and also ethanol alone (seven groups, n = 6 per group). Induction of sedation or anesthesia and recovery were assessed. In a further six groups (n = 6 per group), fish were exposed to both EOs (25, 150 or 300 μL L^?1) with diazepam 150 μm, and also diazepam (10 μm) alone. Flumazenil (5 or 10 μm) was added to the recovery water of fish exposed to diazepam (150 μm) or both EOs (150 and 300 μL L^?1) (total of 10 groups = 60 fish).

Results

Both EOs induced anesthesia at concentrations of 150 and 300 μL L^?1, and sedation at 25 μL L^?1. There was no significant difference between EOs for reaching deep anesthesia; there was a significantly longer recovery time for the EO of C. flexuosus. The addition of diazepam (150 μm) resulted in faster induction of anesthesia with both EOs, with no significant change in recovery times. Flumazenil (10 μm) reversed the diazepam-induced anesthesia, but not the anesthesia induced by EOs.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The EO of C. flexuosus induced effective sedation (25 μL L^?1) and anesthesia (150 and 300 μL L^?1) without short-term mortality. The modulation of the BDZ site of the GABA_A receptor in the anesthetic action mechanism of both EOs was not demonstrated.  相似文献   

Oxidative and biochemical responses in Brycon amazonicus anesthetized and sedated with Myrcia sylvatica (G. Mey.) DC. and Curcuma longa L. essential oils     

Etiane M.H. Saccol  Érika P. Londero  Caroline A. Bressan  Joseânia Salbego  Luciane T. Gressler  Lenise V.F. Silva  Rosa H.V. Mourão  Ricardo B. Oliveira  Susana F. Llesuy  Bernardo Baldisserotto  Maria A. Pavanato 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):555-566

Objective

To investigate the effects of rapid anesthesia and long-term sedation with the essential oils (EOs) of Myrcia sylvatica (EOMS) and Curcuma longa (EOCL) on biochemical and oxidative parameters in matrinxã.

Study design

Prospective, randomized, laboratory experiment.

Animals

A total of 72 matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) adults weighing 404.8 ± 27.9 g were divided into eight groups of nine fish.

Methods

Biochemical and oxidative effects were investigated in plasma and tissues of matrinxã subjected to rapid anesthesia (5 minutes) or long-term sedation (360 minutes, simulating the practice of transport) with EOMS (200 μL L^?1 and 10 μL L^?1, respectively) and EOCL (500 μL L^?1 and 40 μL L^?1, respectively).

Results

Transport simulation without sedation or anesthesia increased lipid peroxidation levels in the gills and kidney of fish in the control group. Anesthesia and sedation with EOs decreased cortisol concentrations and increased lactate concentrations compared with controls. Lipid peroxidation was lower in the brain, gills, liver and kidney of sedated and anesthetized fish, than in the control group. Anesthesia with EOs increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase in the brain, and catalase in the liver and gills, compared with controls. Long-term sedation with EOs increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in the brain, catalase in the liver, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the gills and superoxide dismutase in the kidney. In general, nonprotein thiols content and total reactive antioxidant potential of tissues were higher after anesthesia and sedation with EOs compared with the control group.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The concentrations of EOMS and EOCL used were effective at preventing a stress response and excess of reactive oxygen species formation. For these reasons, these substances may be recommended for use in the transportation of fish to improve survival and animal welfare.  相似文献