Vermicomposting of Vegetable Waste     

N.R. Shanthi  R.V. Bhoyar  A.D. Bhide 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):27-30

? Vermicomposting is the degradation of organic waste through earthworm consumption, which converts the material into worm castings. Vermicomposting of vegetable waste was examined in order to identify suitable worm species and efficient levels of temperature and moisture. Laboratory experiments were conducted under controlled conditions using commonly available species: Pheretima sp.; Eisenia sp. and P. excavatus. Worms survived in the moisture range of 20-80 percent and the temperature range of 20°-40°C. Worm survival in decomposed and undecomposed organic wastes was also studied. Trials indicate that P. excavatus is the appropriate species for vegetable waste vermicomposting.  相似文献   

Host-dependent differential expression of factor H binding proteins, their affinity to factor H and complement evasion by Lyme and relapsing fever borreliae     

Kišová-Vargová L  Mucha R  Cerňanská D  Bhide M 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,148(2-4):341-347

Binding of complement factor H is crucial for the resistance of Borrelia to complement-mediated lysis. This study was aimed to assess the correlation between the expression of fH binding proteins (FHBPs) during the early phase of infection (48 h after the entry of Borrelia into the blood circulation) and complement resistance of the Borrelia genus. As expected, B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto and B. garinii (Serotype 4, PBi) showed resistance to complement mediated lysis when incubated with human and dog complement, which coincided with the significantly higher expression (P<0.05) of the FHBPs. Similarly, B. coriaceae showed resistance to cattle complement. In non-reservoir hosts borreliae failed to induce expression of FHBPs within 48 h of complement challenge, and did not survive. It is important to note that not only the expression of FHBP but also their binding to fH is required for borrelial resistance to the complement. fH binding may depend on the coiled-coil (CC) motifs observed in the FHBPs, especially at the C terminus. A loss of the C-terminal CC motif in BgCRASP-1 of SKT-1 strain was found in in-silico CC prediction, and may be coupled with SKT-1's inability to bind factor H and evade complement-mediated attack. In contrast, the C-terminal CC motif was observed (P - 1.0) in BgCRASP-1 of PBi that may contributed to its factor H binding and human complement resistance.  相似文献   

Foliar disease resistant and productive mutants from the introgression lines of peanut (Arachis hypogaea)     

Pushpesh Joshi  Mangesh P. Jadhav  Kenta Shirasawa  Arati Yadawad  Ramesh S. Bhat 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(1):148-155

With an objective of developing the induced mutants for superior productivity and resistance to foliar diseases in peanut, two introgression lines (IL-3 and IL-4) derived from ABK genomes of peanut were subjected to gamma and sodium azide mutagenesis. Evaluation of M₁, M₂ and M₃ generations could identify foliar disease resistant and productive mutants. Large-scale evaluation of M₄ mutants during the rainy season of 2017 confirmed the superiority of 12 mutants over the respective parents and the best check (GPBD 4). The selected mutants were resistant to leaf spots (early and late) and rust diseases, and significantly more productive than the parents and GPBD 4. ddRAD-Sequencing of these mutants identified the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) when compared to their parents. The genes harbouring these structural mutations were also identified. However, no copy number variations (CNVs) were observed between the mutants and the parents. The selected mutants carried resistant-type alleles at the marker loci linked to foliar disease resistance. These promising mutants (M₈) are currently under initial trials of variety development for commercial release.  相似文献   

Efficacy of selection in sexually breeding Artemia (Artemia franciscana,Kellogg, 1906)     

Mangesh M Shirdhankar  Palhani C Thomas  Satish K Barve 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(13):1276-1281

Bi‐directional selection for smaller naupliar size (SNS) and bigger naupliar size (BNS) was practiced to develop two divergent lines. The efficacy of bi‐directional mass selection in Artemia franciscana was evaluated by comparing the predicted genetic gains with the realized genetic gains. Two sets of predictions were made using two heritability estimates, e.g., the heritability estimate from full‐sib analysis (h²) and the estimate from regression of offspring on mid parent (b_op). Predictions with the full‐sib heritabilities were of very high magnitude as compared with predictions with b_op heritabilities. The predictions based on b_op were more or less in agreement with realized genetic gain, while the predictions with heritability estimates based on full‐sib analysis were much higher than the realized gains. Ratios of realized gain to predicted gain based on full‐sib heritabilities were 0.2302 and 0.2152, respectively, for males and females of the SNS line, and 0.0471 and 0.2248, respectively, for males and females of the BNS line. Ratios of realized gain to predicted gain based on b_op were 1.5348 and 0.6069 for males and females of the SNS line and 0.1028 and 0.9503 for males and females of the BNS line. Ratios of realized gain to predicted gain based on full‐sib heritability were of low magnitude in all the cases as the heritability estimates based on full‐sib analysis were inflated by non‐additive genetic variance. The ratios of realized gain to predicted gain based on b_op were high in both sexes of SNS and females of BNS, indicating high efficacy of selection as b_op includes only additive genetic variance. However, it was of low magnitude in BNS males. Thus, the heritability estimates based on regression of offspring on mid parent (b_op) are more reliable than that of heritability estimates based on full‐sib analysis (h²) for predicting the selection response in Artemia.  相似文献