Cardiovascular effects of a continuous rate infusion of lidocaine in calves anesthetized with xylazine,midazolam, ketamine and isoflurane     

Marcelo A Araújo  Bianca P Dias  Fernanda Bovino  Maurício Deschk  Caio JX Abimussi  Valéria NLS Oliva  Celso A Rodrigues  Paulo SP Santos 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(2):145-152

ObjectiveTo assess the cardiovascular changes of a continuous rate infusion of lidocaine in calves anesthetized with xylazine, midazolam, ketamine and isoflurane during mechanical ventilation.Study designProspective, randomized, cross-over, experimental trial.AnimalsA total of eight, healthy, male Holstein calves, aged 10 ± 1 months and weighing 114 ± 11 kg were included in the study.MethodsCalves were administered xylazine followed by ketamine and midazolam, orotracheal intubation and maintenance on isoflurane (1.3%) using mechanical ventilation. Forty minutes after induction, lidocaine (2 mg kg^?1 bolus) or an equivalent volume of saline (0.9%) was administered IV followed by a continuous rate infusion (100 μg kg^?1 minute^?1) of lidocaine (treatment L) or saline (treatment C). Heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures (SAP, DAP and MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP), cardiac output, end-tidal carbon dioxide (Pe’CO₂) and core temperature (CT) were recorded before lidocaine or saline administration (Baseline) and at 20-minute intervals (T20-T80). Plasma concentrations of lidocaine were measured in treatment L.ResultsThe HR was significantly lower in treatment L compared with treatment C. There was no difference between the treatments with regards to SAP, DAP, MAP and SVRI. CI was significantly lower at T60 in treatment L when compared with treatment C. PAOP and CVP increased significantly at all times compared with Baseline in treatment L. There was no significant difference between times within each treatment and between treatments with regards to other measured variables. Plasma concentrations of lidocaine ranged from 1.85 to 2.06 μg mL^?1 during the CRI.Conclusion and clinical relevanceAt the studied rate, lidocaine causes a decrease in heart rate which is unlikely to be of clinical significance in healthy animals, but could be a concern in compromised animals.  相似文献   

The shadow of the Balbina dam: A synthesis of over 35 years of downstream impacts on floodplain forests in Central Amazonia     

Jochen Schöngart  Florian Wittmann  Angélica Faria de Resende  Cyro Assahira  Guilherme de Sousa Lobo  Juliana Rocha Duarte Neves  Maíra da Rocha  Gisele Biem Mori  Adriano Costa Quaresma  Layon Oreste Demarchi  Bianca Weiss Albuquerque  Yuri Oliveira Feitosa  Gilvan da Silva Costa  Gildo Vieira Feitoza  Flávia Machado Durgante  Aline Lopes  Susan E. Trumbore  Thiago Sanna Freire Silva  Hans ter Steege  Adalberto Luis Val  Wolfgang J. Junk  Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(12):1117-1135

1. The Balbina hydropower dam in the Central Amazon basin, established in the Uatumã River in the 1980s, is emblematic for its socio-environmental disaster. Its environmental impacts go far beyond the reservoir and dam, however, affecting the floodplain forests (igapó) in the downstream area (dam shadow), which have been assessed using a transdisciplinary research approach, synthesized in this review.
2. Floodplain tree species are adapted to a regular and predictable flood pulse, with high- and low-water periods occurring during the year. This was severely affected by the operation of the Balbina dam, which caused the suppression of both the aquatic phase at higher floodplain elevations and the terrestrial phase at lower floodplain elevations (termed the ‘sandwich effect’).
3. During the period of construction and reservoir fill, large-scale mortality already occurred in the floodplains of the dam shadow as a result of reduced stream flow, in synergy with severe drought conditions induced by El Niño events, causing hydraulic failure and making floodplains vulnerable to wildfires.
4. During the operational period of the dam, permanent flooding conditions at low topographical elevations resulted in massive tree mortality. So far, 12% of the igapó forests have died along a downstream river stretch of more than 125 km. As a result of flood suppression at the highest elevations, an encroachment of secondary tree species from upland (terra firme) forests occurred.
5. More than 35 years after the implementation of the Balbina dam, the downstream impacts caused massive losses of macrohabitats, ecosystem services, and diversity of flood-adapted tree species, probably cascading down to the entire food web, which must be considered in conservation management.
6. These findings are discussed critically, emphasizing the urgent need for the Brazilian environmental regulatory agencies to incorporate downstream impacts in the environmental assessments of several dam projects planned for the Amazon region.

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Diagnostic Ophthalmology     

Lynne S. Sandmeyer  Bianca S. Bauer  Bruce H. Grahn 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2013,54(9):897-898

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Diagnostic Ophthalmology     

Lynne S. Sandmeyer  Bianca S. Bauer  Bruce H. Grahn 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2013,54(11):1089-1090

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Biomechanical Comparison Between Bicortical Pin and Monocortical Screw/Polymethylmethacrylate Constructs in the Cadaveric Canine Cervical Vertebral Column     

Bianca F. Hettlich Dr. med vet  Diplomate ACVS  Matthew J. Allen Vet MB  PhD  Daniel Pascetta BS  Geoffrey T. Fosgate DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVPM  Alan S. Litsky MD  Sc.D. 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(6):693-700

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Correction factor for the erythrocyte sedimentation decrease of cattle blood with respect to hematocrit value     

W Bianca 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1973,115(3):130-134

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Antagonistic activity of Bacteria from the chickpea rhizosphere againstFusarium Oxysporum f. sp.Ciceris     

Bianca B. Landa  Ana Hervás  Wagner Bettiol  Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz 《Phytoparasitica》1997,25(4):305-318

The antagonistic activity againstin vitro growth ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.ciceris was determined for 74 bacterial isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of chickpeas grown in two field soils with different histories of Fusarium wilt, and for seven isolates ofPseudomonas spp. from culture collections. Twenty-four isolates ofBacillus spp. andPseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84 showed a strong antagonism against three races (0, 1 and 5) ofF. o. ciceris tested. Three selectedBacillus isolates andP. chlororaphis 30-84 were further tested against 30 isolates of races 0, 1 and 5 ofF. o. ciceris, races 0, 1 and 2 ofF. o. melonis, F. o. phaseoli and nonpathogenicF. oxysporum. Bacillus isolates differed in their antagonistic activity and were less inhibitory to mycelial growth ofF. o. ciceris than to that of other fungal isolates. Furthermore, the extent of growth inhibition ofF. o. ciceris was influenced both by bacterial isolates and by race of the pathogen. Cell-free culture filtrates of fourBacillus isolates inhibited conidial germination and hyphal growth ofF. o. ciceris and nonpathogenicF. oxysporum. Joint seed+soil treatment with some selected antagonisticBacillus spp. isolates suppressed disease caused by the highly virulentF. o. ciceris race-5 in cv. ICCV 4 and cv. PV 61 chickpeas. However, the degree of protection was influenced by the host genotype and the inoculum concentration of the pathogen.  相似文献   

Use of multisite quantitative ultrasonography for noninvasive assessment of bone in horses     

Carstanjen B  Lepage OM  Detilleux J  Duboeuf F  Amory H 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(10):1464-1469

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of multisite quantitative ultrasonography for noninvasive assessment of bone in horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: 12 healthy horses and both forelimbs from 8 clinically normal horses. PROCEDURE: For in vivo measurements, various regions of interest (ROI) were examined on the third metacarpal bone, radius, and tibia. Precision error for speed of sound (SOS) measurements was obtained by measuring each ROI of 4 horses 10 times with probe repositioning. Additionally, 3 operators measured each aspect of the third metacarpal bone of 6 horses 5 times each. For ex vivo measurements, third metacarpal bones were examined at 9 ROI, and SOS measurements were performed before and after soft tissue removal. One ROI of a single forelimb was subjected to 96 ex vivo measurements with 3 different contact media. RESULTS: The lateral aspect of the third metacarpal bone had significantly higher SOS values than the dorsal and medial aspect of the third metacarpal bone. No difference was obtained between SOS values of the lateral and medial aspect of the radius. The tibia had significantly higher SOS values than the lateral aspect of the radius and the dorsal and medial aspect of the third metacarpal bone. Intraoperator coefficients of variation ranged from 0.62 to 3.15%, and interoperator coefficients of variation ranged from 0.78 to 2.70%. Values of SOS were highest when silicone oil was used as the contact medium. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Speed of sound measurements obtained by quantitative ultrasonography in axial transmission mode can be used to precisely measure superficial cortical bone properties of third metacarpal bone, radius, and tibia in horses.  相似文献   

Influence of systemic fluoroquinolone administration on the presence of Pasteurella multocida in the upper respiratory tract of clinically healthy calves     

Boudewijn Catry  Siska Croubels  Stefan Schwarz  Piet Deprez  Bianca Cox  Corinna Kehrenberg  Geert Opsomer  Annemie Decostere  Freddy Haesebrouck 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2008,50(1):36

The influence of enrofloxacin administration (5 mg/kg) for five consecutive days on the occurrence of Pasteurella multocida in the upper respiratory tract of two healthy calves was monitored over a 10-day period. From nasal swabs of two additional healthy control calves, which received a placebo saline administration, P. multocida was isolated throughout the study period. In the enrofloxacin treated calves, P. multocida was not demonstrated in the nasopharynx from 48 h after the first injection until two days after the last administration, when P. multocida reappeared and proved to be clonal in nature to the original isolates. During the experiment, no change in minimal inhibitory concentration for enrofloxacin of the P. multocida isolates was detected (MIC ≤ 0.015 μg/mL). Enrofloxacin concentrations were determined in the plasma by a high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection. The PK/PD indices AUC/MIC and C_max/MIC ratio were calculated and found to be 1157.7 and 129.8, respectively. Remarkably, the respiratory pathogen Arcanobacterium pyogenes became the predominant recovered organism in the nasopharynx of one animal following enrofloxacin therapy throughout the remaining of the experiment.  相似文献   

Owner-perceived, weighted quality-of-life assessments in dogs with spinal cord injuries     

Levine JM  Budke CM  Levine GJ  Kerwin SC  Hettlich BF  Slater MR 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,233(6):931-935

Objective-To evaluate changes over time in owner-perceived, weighted quality-of-life assessments in dogs with spinal cord injuries and determine whether scores were associated with underlying etiology or with veterinarian-assigned scores for severity of neurologic dysfunction. Design-Cohort study. Animals-100 dogs with spinal cord injury. Procedures-Duration of dysfunction, modified Frankel neurologic injury score, and etiology were recorded. At initial and recheck (4- to 6-week) evaluations, owners were asked to identify 5 areas or activities they believed had the most influence on their dogs' quality of life, assess their dogs' current status in each area, and provide a weighting for the importance of each area; results were used to construct a weighted quality-of-life score. Owners were also asked to provide a quality-of-life score with a visual analog scale (VAS). Results-At initial and recheck evaluations, weighted quality-of-life scores were higher for ambulatory than for nonambulatory dogs. However, scores did not differ among groups when dogs were grouped on the basis of underlying etiology or duration of injury. Dogs with an increase in Frankel score between the initial and recheck evaluations had a significant increase in weighted quality-of-life score, whereas for dogs that did not have any change in Frankel score, initial and recheck weighted quality-of-life scores were not significantly different. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggested that owner-assigned, weighted quality-of-life scores for dogs with spinal cord injuries did not vary significantly on the basis of underlying etiology or duration of injury but were higher for ambulatory than for nonambulatory dogs.  相似文献