Enzyme immunoassay of Chlamydia in birds     

R Ruppanner  D E Behymer  W J DeLong  C E Franti  T Schulz 《Avian diseases》1984,28(3):608-615

Serum samples from 192 free-living birds (27 species) were tested for antibodies against Chlamydia using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); 97 (51%) were seropositive. The highest antibody prevalence was among pheasants (96%), ducks (88%), and blackbirds (86%). None of 41 starlings tested were seropositive. The serotesting of 42 confined pheasants indicated 100% exposure to the organism. The ELISA is a sensitive, rapid serologic method that can be of epidemiologic and diagnostic value for detecting exposure to Chlamydia. The ELISA could also be used for mass-screening of pet birds where chlamydiosis may be considered a potential public health hazard.  相似文献   

Two-dimensional link-segment model of the forelimb of dogs at a walk     

Nielsen C  Stover SM  Schulz KS  Hubbard M  Hawkins DA 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(5):609-617

OBJECTIVE: To calculate normative joint angle, intersegmental forces, moment of force, and mechanical power at elbow, antebrachiocarpal, and metacarpophalangeal joints of dogs at a walk. ANIMALS: 6 clinically normal mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: Kinetic data were collected via a force platform, and kinematic data were collected from forelimbs by use of 3-dimensional videography. Length, location of the center of mass, total mass, and mass moment of inertia about the center of mass were determined for each of 4 segments of the forelimb. Kinematic data and inertial properties were combined with vertical and craniocaudal ground reaction forces to calculate sagittal plane forces and moments across joints of interest throughout stance phase. Mechanical power was calculated as the product of net joint moment and the angular velocity. Joint angles were calculated directly from kinematic data. RESULTS: All joint intersegmental forces were similar to ground reaction forces, with a decrease in magnitude the more proximal the location of each joint. Flexor moments were observed at metacarpophalangeal and antebrachiocarpal joints, and extensor moments were observed at elbow and shoulder joints, which provided a net extensor support moment for the forelimb. Typical profiles of work existed for each joint. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For clinically normal dogs of a similar size at a walk, inverse dynamic calculation of intersegmental forces, moments of force, and mechanical power for forelimb joints yielded values of consistent patterns and magnitudes. These values may be used for comparison in evaluations of gait in other studies and in treatment of dogs with forelimb musculoskeletal disease.  相似文献   

The effects of femoral stem and neck length on cement strains in a canine total hip replacement model     

Dassler CL  Schulz KS  Kass P  Stover SM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2003,32(1):37-45

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of femoral prosthesis stem length and head size on cement strains in a canine hip replacement system. STUDY DESIGN: An in vitro experimental model. SAMPLE POPULATION: (1) Three standard and 3 1-cm shortened femoral implants with +3 femoral heads. (2) Two standard implants with +0, +3, and +6 femoral heads. METHODS: Femoral stems were embedded in polymethylmethacrylate cement. A uniaxial proximodistal-oriented strain gauge was applied to the cement on the medial and lateral aspects of the construct 1.5 cm, 6.0 cm and 7.0 cm distal to the collar. Each construct with a +3 femoral head was mounted in a materials testing system. An axial compressive load (0-200 N) was applied to the femoral head and cement strains were recorded. Additionally, 2 standard length constructs were also tested with +0 and +6 femoral heads. The effects of stem length and neck length on cement strains were assessed with analysis of variance. RESULTS: Strains increased at all locations with increasing loads for all constructs. Shorter implants had higher strains by 152% and 171%, lateral (P =.003) and medial (P =.0025) to the stem tip. No significant strain differences were noted, at any strain gauge location, between different neck lengths (P values ranged from.20 to.67). CONCLUSIONS: Although a shorter implant stem has a potential to improve implant fit, it led to significantly higher cement strains that may increase the risk for aseptic loosening. Changes in femoral neck length did not significantly affect cement strains under the conditions tested. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Shortening of the femoral stem currently cannot be recommended in canine total hip replacement. The existing use of variable neck lengths likely does not increase the risk of failure of the femoral stem.  相似文献   

In vitro biomechanical study of rotational stabilizers of the canine elbow joint     

Talcott KW  Schulz KS  Kass PH  Mason DR  Stover SM 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(11):1520-1526

OBJECTIVE: To develop a model for measuring rotary stability of the canine elbow joint and to evaluate the relative contribution of the anconeal process (AN), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), and medial collateral ligament (MCL). SAMPLE POPULATION: 18 forelimbs from 12 canine cadavers. PROCEDURE: Forelimbs were allocated to 3 experimental groups (6 forelimbs/group). Each intact forelimb was placed in extension at an angle of 135 degrees and cycled 50 times from -16 degrees (pronation) to +28 degrees (supination) in a continuous manner at 2.0 Hz. Cycling was repeated following sectioning of the structure of interest (group 1, AN; group 2, LCL; and group 3, MCL). Torque at -12 degrees (pronation) and +18 degrees (supination) was measured for each intact and experimentally sectioned limb. A Student t test was performed to compare torque values obtained from intact verses experimentally sectioned limbs and for comparison with established criteria for differentiation of primary (> or = 33%), secondary (10 to 33%), and tertiary rotational stabilizers (< 10%). RESULTS: In pronation, the AN was the only primary stabilizer (65%). For supination, the LCL was a primary stabilizer (48%), AN was a secondary stabilizer (24%), and MCL was a tertiary stabilizer (7%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: With the elbow joint in extension at an angle of 135 degrees, the AN is a primary rotational stabilizer in pronation, and the LCL is a primary stabilizer in supination. Disruption of the AN or LCL may affect rotary range of motion or compromise stability of the elbow joint in dogs.  相似文献   

Computed tomographic osteoabsorptiometry of the elbow joint in clinically normal dogs     

Samii VF  Les Clifford M  Schulz KS  Keyak JH  Stover SM 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(8):1159-1166

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate subchondral bone density patterns in elbow joints of clinically normal dogs by use of computed tomographic (CT) osteoabsorptiometry. SAMPLE POPULATION: 20 cadaver forelimbs from 10 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURE: Each elbow joint was imaged in parasagittal and transverse planes of 1.5-mm thickness. Slice data were converted to dipotassium phosphate equivalent density (PPED) values. Sagittal, parasagittal, and transverse medial coronoid process topographic maps were constructed. Defined zones were created for each of the 3 CT planes, and confluence and peak PPED values were determined. RESULTS: The lowest PPED value was 340 mg/ml (articular and subchondral confluence), and the highest was 1780 mg/ml (peak subchondral density). Detectable effects of joint laterality were not found in the confluence or peak PPED measurements or in the peak-to-confluence PPED ratio for all 3 CT planes. Significant differences were found among zones in all 3 planes for confluence and peak PPED measurements and between sagittal and transverse planes for peak-to-confluence PPED ratios. Subjectively, the pattern of density distribution among dogs was fairly consistent for the sagittal and parasagittal slices. Three specific patterns of density distribution were apparent on the transverse topographic maps of the medial coronoid process that corresponded to conformational differences. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of CT osteoabsorptiometry provides a repeatable technique that can be used to noninvasively examine bone density and the effects of stress acting on joints in vivo. Variability in density values for any of the CT planes was not identified among clinically normal dogs.  相似文献   

In vitro determination of contact areas in the normal elbow joint of dogs     

Preston CA  Schulz KS  Kass PH 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(10):1315-1321

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate areas of articular contact of the proximal portions of the radius and ulna in normal elbow joints of dogs and the effects of axial load on size and location of these areas. SAMPLE POPULATION: Forelimbs obtained from cadavers of 5 adult mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: After forelimbs were removed, liquid-phase polymethyl methacrylate was applied to articular surfaces of the elbow joint, and limbs were axially loaded. Articular regions void of casting material were stained with water-soluble paint. Relative articular contact areas were determined by computer-assisted image analyses of stained specimens. Repeatability of the technique was evaluated by analyses of casts from bilateral forelimbs of 1 cadaver. Incremental axial loads were applied to left forelimbs from 4 cadavers to determine effects of load on articular contact. RESULTS: Specific areas of articular contact were identified on the radius, the craniolateral aspect of the anconeus, and the medial coronoid process. The medial coronoid and radial contact areas were continuous across the radioulnar articulation. There was no articular contact of the medial aspect of the anconeus with the central trochlear notch. Coefficients of variation of contact areas between repeated tests and between contralateral limbs was < 20%. Significant overall effects of axial load on contact area or location were not identified. CONCLUSIONS: Three distinct contact areas were evident in the elbow joint of dogs. Two ulnar contact areas were detected, suggesting there may be physiologic incongruity of the humeroulnar joint. There was no evidence of surface incongruity between the medial edge of the radial head and the lateral edge of the medial coronoid process.  相似文献   

Pyrogallol concentrations in rumen content, liver and kidney of cows at pasture     

Meiser H  Hagedorn HW  Schulz R 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2000,113(3):108-111

Pyrogallol (1, 2, 3-trihydroxybenzene), the decomposition product of hydrolysable tannins in oak bark, leaves and acorns, is suspected to be poisonous to animals. The aim of our investigations was to correlate clinical signs and pathological findings with pyrogallol concentrations in organs of poisoned and healthy animals. In a field study, pyrogallol concentrations were determined in liver, kidney, and rumen from seven cattle. In a herd of twelve cows, five animals suffered from hemorrhagic diarrhea, anorexia, weakness, rumen stasis, dyspnoea, and colic symptoms. Death was observed in five cows within five weeks after repeated intake of green acorns and oak leaves. Toxicological analyses of rumen content, liver, and kidney specimens of one cattle confirmed the suspicion of pyrogallol contamination. In this animal, values ranged from 6 to 13 ng pyrogallol per gram specimen. In control cattle, concentrations were clearly lower than in perished cattle. Under antioxidative work-up conditions, detection limit was 0.6 ng/g in rumen content and 1.0 ng/g in liver and kidney, respectively.  相似文献   

Application of arthroplasty principles to canine cemented total hip replacement     

Schulz KS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2000,29(6):578-593

Influence of Extreme Management on Decomposable Soil Organic Matter Pool     

Elke Schulz 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):101-105

Basing on two long-term model experiments (microplots as well as greenhouse pot experiment) the influence of extreme management on a very easily decomposable pool of soil organic matter (SOM) was measured. The carbon content (C hwe ) of a hot water extractable pool of SOM was used as an indicator for the decomposable C pool. This parameter reflects both the dynamics of the amount of decomposable organic C pool and the different transformation conditions in case of the pot experiment (outside versus inside the greenhouse). Depending on soil type and both the total and decomposable organic matter level at the starting point of the experiments we can observe differences in the decreasing speed of the decomposable C pool: in the soils having a high level of SOM at starting point C hwe pool decreases more rapidly compared to the soils unfertilized or in case of the only P and K treatment of the Static Fertilization Experiment at the beginning of the pot experiment. At least we can observe a difference in decreasing intensity of this C hwe pool when comparing different soil types.  相似文献   

THE EFFECT OF FLUORINE AS SODIUM FLUORIDE ON THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF ALBINO RATS     

Schulz JA  Lamb AR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1925,61(1569):93-94

  相似文献