A collie, known for its breed-dependent adverse reaction to ivermectin, was without any clinical signs. The dog was prophylactically treated with 3 mg/kg KG (s.c.) of levamisole. Within 15 minutes, the dog showed convulsions, vomitus, and dyspnea, and perished 2.5 hours after injection of the drugs. The pathological findings were not informative as to the cause of death, and with regard to the adverse reactions, additional application of ivermectin was not excluded. Therefore, organ samples were submitted for toxicological analysis of both levamisole and ivermectin. For detection of levamisole and ivermectin, modified GC/MS and HPLC procedures were developed. Concentrations up to 535 micrograms levamisole and up to 26 ng ivermectin were found per g tissue. Both analytical methods are sensitive enough to detect these drugs after application of low doses. This study elucidates that combination of low-dosed ivermectin and levamisole is no recommendable means against adverse effects of ivermectin, with respect to collies. Moreover, the synergistic effects of ivermectin and levamisole suggests the same drug incompatibility in other dog breeds and animal species. 相似文献
Three trials were performed during consecutive years, involving a total of 972 Leghorn hens, in order to compare all‐vegetable layer diets of marginal protein con‐tent based either on milo or on maize as the only cereal grain.
Under the conditions of this study the only consistent, and at times significant, effect due to the source of cereals was the reduction of egg size due to milo. Methio‐nine supplementation of milo diets equalised egg weights. The calculated sulphur amino acid requirement for optimal egg size appeared to be about 560 mg/bird d.
Maize contains decidedly higher levels of linoleic acid than milo, especially on a whole grain basis (2.3% as compared with 1.5%); the difference is reflected in the fatty acid pattern of the yolk lipids of eggs produced by hens‐fed these diets. The dietary to yolk linoleic acid ratio appeared to be 1 to 9–10, for dietary levels ranging from 1.0 to 1.7%.
Milo‐soya diets containing 1.1–1.2% dietary linoleic acid were adequate for optimal egg size, on the condition that methionine requirements had been met, that daily food consumption was not less than 110 g/bird, and that the pre‐layer diets had been rich in linoleic acid. If the pre‐layer diets had been composed of practical ingredients relatively low in this essential fatty acid, a minimum level of 1.5–1.6% dietary linoleic acid was indicated. Acidulated soya soapstock proved a practical linoleic acid supplement. 相似文献
1. Four trials were carried out with broilers from 5 to 9 weeks of age in order to determine the effect of reducing dietary protein concentration, with and without special supplementations of methionine and lysine, on the amount of carcass fat.
2. In all trials fat deposition increased progressively as the protein concentrations of well‐balanced standard finisher diets were lowered by replacing soybean meal with sorghum grains (milo).
3. The increased degree of fatness was the result of graded increases in food consumption, and consequent decreases in food utilisation, caused by inadequate dietary protein.
4. In three out of four trials the above negative trends could be partly or completely reversed by special supplementations with methionine and lysine in amounts to restore the dietary concentration of these first‐limiting amino acids to those of the control diets.
5. It appears that broilers overeat in a compensatory attempt to obtain the limiting amino acids required for optimal growth rate, as long as the deficiency is not severe enough to cause an amino acid imbalance. 相似文献
An experiment was conducted over the period 1995–96 in a warm-temperate environment in Nepal to investigate the effect of cutting frequency on forage yields of three temperate legume species, grown during the winter season, and the residual treatment effects on a subsequent upland rice crop. The three species, Persian clover ( Trifolium resupinatum ), white clover ( Trifolium repens ) and vetch ( Vicia benghalensis ), proved to be well adapted to the winter growing conditions and produced cumulative forage yields between 6.8 t DM ha−1 (vetch) and 9.2 t DM ha−1 (Persian clover). Vetch grew vigorously throughout the winter months and provided reasonable forage yields between December and February, whereas the clovers provided green fodder up to July. These species may therefore make a substantial contribution to alleviating the severe shortage of quality feed during the winter months. Grain yields of the subsequent rice crop ranged from 3.6 to 7.3 t ha−1. Rice yields were greatly affected by the previous legume species and forage management practices. In general, the removal of legume forage greatly reduced the residual effect, and farmers will have to seek a compromise between maximizing green fodder production and the immediate beneficial residual effect of the legume crop on rice yield. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to investigate the free individual phenolics and the in vitro antioxidant capacity of blackberry, acerola, yellow guava, guabiju, jambolan and jabuticaba fruits in two edible stages. Of the thirty-three phenolics investigated by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), twenty-five were quantified and the major ones were catechin, isoquercitrin, epicatechin and gallic acid. The highest values for the total phenolic content (in dry matter) were observed for acerola (83.6 to 97.7 mg gallic acid equivalents g?1 DM) and blackberry (18.9 to 28.3 mg gallic acid equivalents g?1 DM); however, acerola, jabuticaba, and blackberry showed the highest antioxidant capacities (134.6 to 1120.4 mg Trolox equivalents g?1 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 43.6 to 501.8 μmol Trolox equivalents g?1 for ferric reducing antioxidant power). For most fruits, the antioxidant capacity decreased during the ripening, possibly due to a decrease in the concentration of most of the phenolics. 相似文献
