河南省小麦主产区菲利普孢囊线虫与禾谷孢囊线虫发生情况调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘荣荣  王暄  李红梅  王珍  刘海璐 《植物保护》2017,43(5):157-163

为了解河南省小麦主产区菲利普孢囊线虫与禾谷孢囊线虫的发生情况,作者分别于2014年和2015年5月通过随机采样调查方法,从商丘、漯河、许昌、新乡、鹤壁、安阳、濮阳、焦作等八地区19个县市采集到61份小麦孢囊线虫(CCN)的根围土壤样品,分析了样品的孢囊密度,发现采自商丘、新乡、鹤壁、安阳和濮阳地区的样品孢囊密度普遍较高,CCN发生比较严重;利用双重PCR技术对样品的CCN种类进行了快速检测鉴定,检测出禾谷孢囊线虫单一侵染的样品有33份;菲利普孢囊线虫单一侵染的样品有9份,与禾谷孢囊线虫复合侵染的样品有19份。菲利普孢囊线虫主要采自商丘、漯河、许昌、新乡、焦作等五个地区,其中商丘地区发生比较普遍。该研究可为河南省小麦的品种布局和孢囊线虫的综合防治提供指导。  相似文献   

The assessment of the frequency of chews during rumination enables an estimation of rumination activity in hay-fed sheep     

Kaske M  Beyerbach M  Hailu Y  Gobel W  Wagner S 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2002,86(3-4):83-89

The objective was to assess rumination behaviour and, more specifically, the intra-individual and inter-individual variation of the frequency of chews during rumination (per min) in five Blackhead sheep fed hay at a level of 100% maintenance (experimental period [EP] I), 50% maintenance (EP II) and ad libitum (EP III). Animals ruminated in EP II less (416 min/day) than in EP I and III (558 and 592 min/day, respectively). Mean inter-individual coefficents of variation (CV) of frequency (defined as number of chews/duration of chewing per cycle) were 12.5%, mean intra-individual CV were 2.5%. The respective CVs for the duration of rumination per day were 8.1 and 9.7%, respectively. The level of intake influenced the frequency of chews significantly. It is concluded that the frequency of chews has to be considered in studies investigating chewing behaviour of ruminants. Under the experimental conditions investigated, number of chews during rumination per day could be estimated by the frequency of chewing with nearly the same precision as by using the duration of rumination per day.  相似文献   

Trichinella zimbabwensis in wild reptiles of Zimbabwe and Mozambique and farmed reptiles of Ethiopia     

Pozio E  Foggin CM  Gelanew T  Marucci G  Hailu A  Rossi P  Morales MA 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,143(3-4):305-310

In 1995, a new species of Trichinella (Trichinella zimbabwensis) was discovered in farmed Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe, where the mode of transmission was the consumption of the meat of slaughtered crocodiles, used as feed. To determine whether T. zimbabwensis affects poikilotherm vertebrates in the wild, monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus) and Nile crocodiles were collected in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. In 5 (17.6%) of the 28 monitor lizards from Zimbabwe, T. zimbabwensis larvae were identified. For the wild Nile crocodiles from Mozambique, species-level identification was not possible, yet immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 8 (20%) of the 40 animals harboured non-encapsulated Trichinella sp. larvae, which probably belonged to T. zimbabwensis. This is the first report of T. zimbabwensis in wild reptiles, and the findings are consistent with reports that vertebrates with scavenger and cannibalistic behaviour are the most important hosts of Trichinella spp. The wide distribution of monitor lizards and crocodiles in Africa and the development of national crocodile breeding programs in many African countries should be taken into consideration when evaluating the risk of transmission of this parasite to mammals, including humans.  相似文献   

Oral pharmacokinetics of a novel Lactobacillus plantarum PSCPL13 in the intestines of experimental flounder          下载免费PDF全文

Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu  Hae‐Jung Kim  Na‐Hye Park  Seung‐Jin Lee  Elias Gebru Awji  Seung‐Chun Park 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(9):5171-5174

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Pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin against field isolates of Streptococcus parauberis from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)          下载免费PDF全文

Ji‐Yong Park  Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu  Seung‐Jin Lee  Na‐Hye Park  Jin‐Yoon Kim  Abraham Fikru Mechesso  Naila Boby  Seung‐Chun Park 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(2):1060-1071

Olive flounder is the most important species for the Northeast Asian fish farming industry. However, this species is substantially affected by multiple infectious agents, including Streptococcus parauberis. Evaluation of antibiotics before their application is critical to treat infections and prevent drug resistance. Therefore, in this study, the pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin (AMX) and other antimicrobials against the planktonic‐ and biofilm‐forming bacteria were assessed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and Time–kill curve assay were analysed using micro‐dilution method. The minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) was determined using the Calgary Biofilm device. The effects of temperature, pH, hardness and salinity were detected for both planktonic‐ and biofilm‐forming bacteria. The MIC of AMX ranged from 0.015 to 2 μg/ml, whereas that of cephalexin (CEP), enrofloxacin (ENR) and oxytetracycline (OTC) ranged from 0.125 to 256, 0.125 to >512 and 0.25 to >512 μg/ml respectively. No bacteria were resistant against AMX, while the percentage of resistance to CEP, OTC and ENR were 68.7%, 52.6% and 11.1% respectively. The IC₅₀ of AMX, CEP, ENR and OTC was 0.03, 0.091, 0.015 and 0.213 μg/ml respectively. The MBEC of amoxicillin against S. parauberis ranged from 0.5 to 16 μg/ml. Higher rates of bacterial growth were obtained at 30°C, pH = 8 and salinity of 7.5–10 ppt. The hardness of the media suppressed the bacterial growth. In conclusion, AMX was found to be effective against both the planktonic and the biofilm forms of the prominent fish pathogen, S. parauberis.  相似文献   

Planning for the conservation and sustainable use of urban forestry in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia     

Aramde Fetene  Hailu Worku 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2013,12(3):367-379

The planning and management of urban forest has become increasingly important as a focus of urban environmental management. The objectives of this study were to analyze the landuse/land cover and to map functional zones of the urban forest in the upper catchment area of Addis Ababa. This study identifies five landuse/land cover types: (i) Eucalyptus–Juniperus dominated forest, (ii) mixed native forest, (iii) built-up areas, (iv) Eucalyptus plantation (v) crop/grazing lands. The vegetation analysis shows 44 woody plant species representing 31 families, out of which 13 tree species, 29 shrubs and two species of lianas. The woody species diversity was 1.35 with the species richness and evenness of 44 and 0.80, respectively. This indicates that the forest has poor species diversity which is attributed to high anthropogenic pressure and monoculture plantation development strategies in the last decades. The density of plants ranged from 25 for Olea europea to 825 individuals per hectare for Eucalyptus globules from the tree layers and from 50 for Dombeya torrida and Erica arborea to 900 individuals per hectare for Myrsine africana from shrub layers. Based on importance value index (IVI), Eucalyptus globulus and Juniperus procera showed the highest IVI of 96.37 and 54.80, respectively as compared to other species. The forest structure showed higher contagious distribution where out of the recorded 44 species, 37 species showed contagious distribution. The result also showed poor regeneration potential in all studied forest layers. Based on the landuse/cover analysis, the phytosociological study and field observation, this study recommends six urban forest zoning. These include: (i) conservation zone, (ii) recreation zone, (iii) production zone, (iv) agroforestry zone, (v) reforestation zone, (vi) buffer zone between the green area and the built-up environment. The green area in the upper catchment has no definite boundaries and needs re-demarcation activities.  相似文献   

大豆新品种在榆林的适应性评价     

强羽竹  李海录  李振姣  付治忠  王孟 《陕西农业科学》2023,69(9):49-52

针对榆林地区大豆品种混杂、产业发展迟缓的现状,本研究以9个大豆新品种为试验材料,开展田间适应性鉴定和评价。结果表明,各品种生育期介于141~150 d,均可正常成熟,农艺性状等表现差异较大。综合来看,辽豆69和品豆21两个品种产量表现较为突出,分别较对照增产34.77%和26.95%,且二者裂荚性、倒伏性、抗病性和商品性状等性状均表现较好,适宜在本地区推广种植。  相似文献   

Genetics of grain yield and other agronomic characters in t'ef (Eragrostis tef Zucc. Trotter). I. Generation means and variances analysis     

Hailu Tefera  W.E. Peat 《Euphytica》1997,96(2):185-191

Quantitative genetics of grain yield and other agronomic characters of t'ef (Eragrostis tef) were studied using the F₁, F₂, BC₁, and BC₂ of the cross Fesho × Kay Murri. The study was carried out to estimate gene effects controlling the inheritance of grain yield and related agronomic characters. Significant additive [d] and dominance × dominance [l] interaction effects were detected for grain yield. The variations of yield per panicle and panicle weight were explained in terms of [d], dominance [h], and additive × additive [i] interactions. Non-allelic gene interactions were also detected for kernel weight, harvest index, tiller number, plant height, days to heading and days to maturity. The simple additive-dominance model explained the variation for panicle length, culm diameter and plant weight, allowing unbiased estimates of additive (D) and dominance (H) variance components. Large dominance variances (H) were estimated for grain yield, yield per panicle, and panicle weight. The additive variances for plant height, panicle length, days to heading and days to maturity were higher than the respective dominance variances. High narrow-sense heritability (h²) values (> 0.50) were estimated for plant height, panicle length, days to heading and days to maturity. The lowest h² (0.09) was obtained for kernel weight for which there was little variability. Since grain yield and several important agronomic characters of t'ef are influenced by non-allelic gene interaction, it is advisable to delay selection for yield to later generations with increased homozygosity. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Multivariate Analysis of Diversity of Tetraploid Wheat Germplasm from Ethiopia     

Faris Hailu  Arnulf Merker  Harjit-Singh  Getachew Belay  Eva Johansson 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(6):1089-1098

The variability of 2420 plants of tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28, AABB genome) wheat germplasm representing 121 accessions from Ethiopia were evaluated for 23 agro-morphological traits at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center area, Akaki substation, during the 2003 main season using multivariate methods. This enabled to assess the extent and pattern of variation of the germplasm with respect to regions, altitude classes and species and to identify the major traits contributing to the diversity. The first three and two principal components explained about 83 and 80% of the total variance among regions and altitudinal class, respectively. In the first principal component plant height, days to heading, the length and density of the spike, and kernel color were the most important traits contributing to variation that explained about 50% of regional variance. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into 15 clusters, with 9 accessions remaining ungrouped. Based on the observed patterns of variation, it is concluded that there exists great variation in the germplasm, which provides opportunities to be utilized for genetic improvement.  相似文献   

Phenotypic diversity for qualitative and phenologic characters in germplasm collections of tef (Eragrostis tef)     

Tiruneh Kefyalew  Hailu Tefera  Kebebew Assefa  Mulu Ayele 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2000,47(1):73-80

A total of 3600 entries of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] germplasm collections representing 36 populations from six regions of Ethiopia were evaluated for phenotypic diversity in six qualitative and phenologic characters. High values of Shannon–Weaver diversity index ( ) were recorded for most characters in each population. Monomorphism was high for anther color (purple) and panicle form (loose). Larger variances for were obtained among regions than among populations within a region from hierarchical analysis of variance. Significant (P<0.05) to highly significant (P<0.01) t-values were observed among values of some regions for seed color, panicle form and days to maturity. A substantial level of variance (P<0.05) was obtained for populations within altitudinal zones only for days to maturity. Altitudinal zones exhibited similar levels of diversity across characters for these collections. Generally, considerable variations important for tef improvement work have been observed and regions with highest diversity for some traits have been suggested for future in situ or ex situ germplasm conservation works. Although similar mean diversity indices were obtained among regions, they were non overlapping.  相似文献