A cryptic subgroup of Anopheles gambiae is highly susceptible to human malaria parasites     

Riehle MM  Guelbeogo WM  Gneme A  Eiglmeier K  Holm I  Bischoff E  Garnier T  Snyder GM  Li X  Markianos K  Sagnon N  Vernick KD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6017):596-598

Population subgroups of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae have not been comprehensively characterized owing to the lack of unbiased sampling methods. In the arid savanna zone of West Africa, where potential oviposition sites are scarce, widespread collection from larval pools in the peridomestic human habitat yielded a comprehensive genetic survey of local A. gambiae population subgroups, independent of adult resting behavior and ecological preference. A previously unknown subgroup of exophilic A. gambiae is sympatric with the known endophilic A. gambiae in this region. The exophilic subgroup is abundant, lacks differentiation into M and S molecular forms, and is highly susceptible to infection with wild Plasmodium falciparum. These findings might have implications for the epidemiology of malaria transmission and control.  相似文献   

Uranium series ages of the del mar man and sunnyvale skeletons     

Bischoff JL  Rosenbauer RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,217(4561):755

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Quality Parameters for Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Semen are Affected by Semen Collection Procedure     

KM Morton  PC Thomson  K Bailey  G Evans  WMC Maxwell 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):637-643

Artificial insemination (AI) is poorly developed in camelids owing to the difficulty in collecting high quality semen and the highly viscous nature of the semen. Semen collected by artificial vagina (AV) is often of low quality and must be improved before any further development of AI technology can occur. The present study investigated the effects of adding a cervix‐like stricture to the AV, presence of females, collecting semen into Androhep^®, skim‐milk or Tris diluents, and catalase supplementation (0, 100, 200 or 600 units/ml) of Tris diluent on alpaca semen quality parameters. The addition of a cervix‐like stricture increased mating length (p < 0.05), whilst the presence of females during semen collection did not improve semen quality parameters (p > 0.05). Collection of semen into Tris diluent improved sperm motility (58.0 ± 11.9%) compared with the control (34.0 ± 10.8%; p < 0.05), Androhep^® (33.5 ± 10.7%) and skim‐milk diluents (28.2 ± 10.4%). Semen viscosity was reduced by collection into Androhep^® (4.6 ± 1.7 mm) and skim‐milk diluents (3.6 ± 1.3 mm) compared with Tris diluent (5.7 ± 2.1 mm) and no collection medium (9.3 ± 3.5 mm; p < 0.05). Tris diluent supplemented with 100, 200 or 600 units/ml catalase increased semen viscosity (5.0 ± 3.2 and 4.9 ± 3.2 mm). Collection of alpaca semen by AV into Tris diluent increased semen quality facilitating further development of AI technology in alpacas.  相似文献   

Efficacy of morantel against nematode populations in calves exposed on a pasture stocked for two years with morantel sustained-release bolus-treated calves     

T J Newby  T A Yazwinski  B L Presson  T E Greenway  H M Holtzen  M J Bischoff  H E Featherstone 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(12):2437-2439

Two groups of 10 parasite-free calves were maintained either for 2 weeks on a pasture grazed by nonmedicated cattle (pasture A) or for 3 weeks on a pasture grazed by morantel sustained-release bolus-treated cattle (pasture B) for the preceding 2 years. After a 4-week holding period to allow for maturation of acquired gastrointestinal nematodes, 5 calves from each group were administered a therapeutic dose (10 mg/kg of body weight) of morantel tartrate. All calves were necropsied 1 week later, and the abomasal and small intestinal nematodes were isolated, identified, and enumerated. A comparison of efficacies between nonmedicated and morantel tartrate-treated calves of each pasture demonstrated that morantel was equally effective against the gastrointestinal nematode infections, regardless of infection source (ie, pasture A vs pasture B). The overall nematode reductions due to morantel tartrate treatment of calves that grazed pastures A and B were 98% and 96%, respectively. It was concluded that the sensitivity of gastrointestinal nematodes to morantel tartrate was not diminished in calves maintained on pasture B, which had been stocked with morantel sustained-release bolus-treated calves for the preceding 2 grazing seasons.  相似文献   

The Effects of Blastomere Biopsy and Oxygen Tension on Bovine Embryo Development, Rate of Apoptosis and Interferon-τ Secretion     

HM Kubisch  KM Johnson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(5):509-515

A series of experiments was performed to examine the effects of blastomere biopsies on subsequent development of IVF-derived bovine embryos. The first experiment was designed to assess the optimal time for blastomere removal. One blastomere was removed either 48 or 72 h after IVF. Biopsy at 48 h resulted in 17.2% of embryos proceeding to the blastocyst stage, which was lower than when biopsies were performed at 72 h (37.5%, p < 0.05). In the second experiment, embryos were cultured either under atmospheric or 5% O(2) following blastomere removal. Biopsies had no effect on rate of blastocyst formation with 36% of controls and 33.7% of biopsied embryos proceeding to that stage. However, culture under 5% O(2) significantly increased the number of blastocysts from 29.9% to 40.3% (p < 0.05). This effect was significant in both biopsied and control embryos. In the final experiment, biopsied embryos were again cultured under different oxygen tension. Blastocysts were collected and cultured individually for 48 h in medium droplets in their respective O(2) concentration after which time the medium was assayed for concentration of interferon-tau (IFN-tau). Reduced O(2) concentration again significantly increased blastocyst formation from 24.9% to 41.9% (p < 0.05). IFN-tau secretion was not affected by biopsies, but culture under atmospheric O(2) resulted in significantly increased IFN-tau concentration in medium droplets (12274.0 +/- 2825.9 pM vs 5046.5 +/- 2562.2 pM; p < 0.05).  相似文献   

Retraction     

Greshake A  Bischoff A  Putnis A  Palme H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5522):1651

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Clinical and clinicopathologic features of dogs that consumed foodborne hepatotoxic aflatoxins: 72 cases (2005-2006)     

Dereszynski DM  Center SA  Randolph JF  Brooks MB  Hadden AG  Palyada KS  McDonough SP  Messick J  Stokol T  Bischoff KL  Gluckman S  Sanders SY 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(9):1329-1337

OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinical signs, clinicopathologic features, treatments, and survival in dogs with naturally acquired foodborne aflatoxicosis. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 72 dogs that consumed aflatoxin-contaminated commercial dog food. PROCEDURES: Medical records of affected dogs were reviewed. Between December 2005 and March 2006, dogs were identified as having foodborne aflatoxin hepatotoxicosis on the basis of the history of consumption of contaminated food or characteristic histopathologic lesions (subject dog or a recently deceased dog in the same household or kennel). Recorded information included signalment, clinical features, clinicopathologic test results, treatments, and survival. Data were analyzed by survival status. RESULTS: Most dogs were of large breeds from breeding kennels. No significant differences were found in age or weight between 26 (36%) survivor dogs and 46 (64%) nonsurvivor dogs. Severity of clinical signs varied widely; 7 dogs died abruptly. In order of onset, clinical features included anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea (melena, hematochezia), abdominal effusion, peripheral edema, and terminal encephalopathy and hemorrhagic diathesis. Common clinicopathologic features included coagulopathic and electrolyte disturbances, hypoproteinemia, increased serum liver enzyme activities, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypocholesterolemia. Cytologic hepatocellular lipid vacuolation was confirmed in 11 dogs examined. In comparisons of clinicopathologic test results between survivor and nonsurvivor dogs, only granular cylindruria (7/21 dogs) consistently predicted death. Best early markers of aflatoxicosis were low plasma activities of anticoagulant proteins (protein C, antithrombin) and hypocholesterolemia. Despite aggressive treatment, many but not all severely affected dogs died. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Serum liver enzyme activities and bilirubin concentration were unreliable early markers of aflatoxin hepatotoxicosis in dogs. Hypocholesterolemia and decreased plasma protein C and antithrombin activities may function as exposure biomarkers.  相似文献   

The effects of formalin fixation and tissue embedding of bovine liver on copper, iron, and zinc analysis.     

Karyn Bischoff  Catherine Lamm  Hollis N Erb  Joseph R Hillebrandt 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(2):220-224

Veterinary analytical chemistry laboratories might be called upon to analyze formalin-fixed or paraffin-embedded tissue samples for trace minerals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether concentrations of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) are comparable among fresh or frozen, formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded bovine liver samples on an as-received basis. Three liver sample subtypes (fresh or frozen, formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded) from 12 cows were collected and analyzed for Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations. Concentrations were measured by using inductively coupled argon plasma atomic-emission spectroscopy. There was no significant difference in mineral measurements between fresh or frozen and formalin-fixed samples for Cu and Zn (both P > or = 0.052). The median concentration of Fe was lower in the fresh or frozen samples than in the formalin-fixed samples. However, for every pair of fresh or frozen and paraffin-embedded samples for all 3 minerals, the fresh or frozen sample had a lower measurement than the paraffin-embedded sample (all P = 0.005). Differences in mineral measurements associated with tissue processing did not result in differences in classification (within or outside the reference range) for Fe. However, the classification of Cu and Zn was different up to 25% of the time with fresh or frozen versus formalin-fixed or embedded liver. Although Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations attained from processed tissue may be useful, they must be evaluated with caution.  相似文献   

Prevalence of the AMHR2 mutation in Miniature Schnauzers and genetic investigation of a Belgian Malinois with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome          下载免费PDF全文

MM Smit  KJ Ekenstedt  KM Minor  CK Lim  PAJ Leegwater  E Furrow 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):371-376

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a sex‐limited disorder in which males develop portions of the female reproductive tract. Important consequences of PMDS are cryptorchidism and its sequelae of infertility and increased risk of testicular cancer. Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor (AMHR2) induce the regression of the Müllerian ducts in male embryos. In Miniature Schnauzer dogs, the genetic basis has been identified as an autosomal recessive nonsense mutation in AMHR2, but the allele frequency of the mutation is unknown. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the AMHR2 mutation in North American Miniature Schnauzers, in order to ascertain the value of genetic testing in this breed. An additional objective was to determine whether mutations in AMH or AMHR2 were responsible for PMDS in a Belgian Malinois; this would aid development of a genetic test for the Belgian Malinois breed. Genomic DNA from 216 Miniature Schnauzers (including one known PMDS case) was genotyped for the AMHR2 mutation, and DNA from a single PMDS‐affected Belgian Malinois was sequenced for all coding exons of AMH and AMHR2. The Miniature Schnauzer cohort had an AMHR2 mutation allele frequency of 0.16 and a carrier genotypic frequency of 0.27. The genetic basis for PMDS in the Belgian Malinois was not determined, as no coding or splicing mutations were identified in either AMH or AMHR2. These findings support a benefit to AMHR2 mutation testing Miniature Schnauzers used for breeding or with cryptorchidism.  相似文献   

Identifying obstacles and ranking common biological control research priorities for Europe to manage most economically important pests in arable,vegetable and perennial crops          下载免费PDF全文

Jay Ram Lamichhane  Monika Bischoff‐Schaefer  Sylvia Bluemel  Silke Dachbrodt‐Saaydeh  Laure Dreux  Jean‐Pierre Jansen  Jozsef Kiss  Jürgen Köhl  Per Kudsk  Thibaut Malausa  Antoine Messéan  Philippe C Nicot  Pierre Ricci  Jérôme Thibierge  François Villeneuve 《Pest management science》2017,73(1):14-21

EU agriculture is currently in transition from conventional crop protection to integrated pest management (IPM). Because biocontrol is a key component of IPM, many European countries recently have intensified their national efforts on biocontrol research and innovation (R&I), although such initiatives are often fragmented. The operational outputs of national efforts would benefit from closer collaboration among stakeholders via transnationally coordinated approaches, as most economically important pests are similar across Europe. This paper proposes a common European framework on biocontrol R&I. It identifies generic R&I bottlenecks and needs as well as priorities for three crop types (arable, vegetable and perennial crops). The existing gap between the market offers of biocontrol solutions and the demand of growers, the lengthy and expensive registration process for biocontrol solutions and their varying effectiveness due to variable climatic conditions and site‐specific factors across Europe are key obstacles hindering the development and adoption of biocontrol solutions in Europe. Considering arable, vegetable and perennial crops, a dozen common target pests are identified for each type of crop and ranked by order of importance at European level. Such a ranked list indicates numerous topics on which future joint transnational efforts would be justified. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献