Evaluation of a Burdizzo Castrator for Neutering of Dogs     

A Ortega-Pacheco  ME Bolio-González  RF Colin-Flores  CH Sauri-Arceo  E Gutiérrez-Blanco  M Jiménez-Coello  C Linde Forsberg 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(3):227-232

A Burdizzo castrator was evaluated for the neutering of dogs. Histological and morphological changes of spermatic cells and peripheral serum testosterone after challenge with a GnRH-analogue (gonadorelin) were assessed. There was a control group (G1), a surgically castrated group (G2) and a Burdizzo group (G3) divided in two, G3a receiving two crunches in each spermatic cord and G3b receiving one crunch in each spermatic cord. Sixteen days after application of the Burdizzo blood samples were taken from the dogs at 30 min interval during 2 h; after the second sample the dogs were treated with 1 mug/kg body weight of gonadorelin i.v. The same protocol of gonadorelin challenge was performed in G1 and G2 dogs. The G2 dogs were surgically castrated after the second blood sample, before the gonadorelin treatment, and the G1 dogs after the last blood sample. The excised gonads were examined histologically, and sperm smears were prepared from the caudae epididymidis. The testes and plexus pampiniformis of the G1 and G2 dogs had a normal histological appearance, and they had morphologically normal epididymal sperm cells. In all G3 dogs, there was an acute fibrosis with an inflammatory reaction in the plexus pampiniformis. The testes from the G3a dogs showed diffuse areas of infarction and degeneration of the parenchyma. Similar but less diffuse lesions were seen in group 3b dogs. The deferent ducts from all G3 dogs showed vasitis and/or sperm granulomas. Azoospermia or sperm malformations were observed in the epididymal smears from the G3 dogs. Testosterone concentration in the G1 dogs increased after gonadorelin application (p < 0.0001). The G2 dogs had basal testosterone levels after castration (p < 0.001) and did not respond to gonadorelin. Groups 3a and b showed a slight but non-significant increase in testosterone concentration after gonadorelin challenge, supposedly due to the reduction of testicular blood flow and loss of testicular interstitial tissue.  相似文献   

Biomechanical Properties of Skin and Wounds in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome     

L. J. FREEMAN DVM  MS    G. A. HEGREBERG DVM  PhD    J. D. ROBINETTE DVM  MS  DiplomateACVs  J. T. KIMBRELL MS  ME 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1989,18(2):97-102

The biomechanical properties of wounded and nonwounded skin were studied in three dogs and three cats affected with type I Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Three nonaffected dogs and one nonaffected cat served as controls. Samples of wounded skin and adjacent normal skin were harvested at days 75, 138, 141, 144, 147, and 150. Samples were subjected to uniaxial tensile strength testing. Tensile strength, energy absorbed, and site of failure were recorded. In the dogs with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, there was an increase in tensile strength in samples containing a scar over adjacent intact skin. In nonaffected dogs, affected cats and the nonaffected cat, the nonwounded skin samples had greater tensile strength. The energy absorbed by the skin samples during testing was highly correlated with tensile strength.  相似文献   

Haematological and biochemical reference values for the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)     

PM. CANFIELD  ME. O'NEILL†  EF. SMITH† 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(10):324-326

Haematological and biochemical reference values were established from 45 clinically healthy koalas. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences for sex and season of sampling. Immature koalas had significantly higher alkaline phosphatase and inorganic phosphate values, and significantly lower total protein concentrations due to low globulins values. Enzyme reference values tended to be wide and could limit their usefulness in detecting disease. In the reference values for leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, the inclusion of low values which were not actually seen may interfere with the detection of reduced levels due to disease.  相似文献   

Influence de la densité et de la période de concurrence de Solanum nigrum L. sur la tomate de semis direct, en relation avec le désherbage     

J. P. CAUSSANEL  X. BRANTHÔME  J. MAILLET  A. CARTERON 《Weed Research》1990,30(5):341-354

Effects of density and period of competition by Solanum nigrum L. on direct seeded tomatoes in relation to weed control The effects of density and period of competition from Solanum nigrum L. were measured in direct seeded tomatoes given weed control treatments currently used in south-east France. S. nigrum emerging after a diquat treatment at the 2–3 leaf stage of the crop and thinned to low densities (<12.8 plants ha^?1) at the 5–6 leaf stage of the crop caused significant yield loss if left to compete with the crop until harvest. Yield reduction was smaller if the same weed densities were present only until the onset of flowering. The regression curves of yield on weed density differed as annual climatic variations affected sowing date and plant growth; a comparison between years was made using the relation ‘crop yield × weed biomass/crop biomass’. Significant interactions between weed density and period of competition were found with yield of both green and red fruit. For late sown crops with low densities of S. nigrum two weed control treatments at the 5–6 leaf stage and at the onset of flowering were sufficient to prevent yield loss.  相似文献   

Wastage due to diseases and defects in very young calves slaughtered in New Zealand     

Biss ME  Hathaway SC 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1994,42(6):211-215

Analysis of disease and defect data from a national meat inspection database for very young calves slaughtered in New Zealand up to 1987 revealed low prevalences of diseases and defects but relatively high condemnation rates within particular disease and defect categories. Calves slaughtered between 1987 and 1992 showed a decrease in the total condemnation rate of carcasses from 2.20% to 1.17%. The greatest reductions in condemnation rates were seen in the categories of wounds and bruises and "other" reasons; navel ill (omphalophlebitis) was initially included in the latter category and condemnations due to this condition persisted as the most frequent cause of wastage. The decrease in condemnation rates occurred subsequent to implementation of a national farm-gate quality assurance programme and a scientific investigation of traditional meat inspection carcass condemnation criteria. The former led to an increase in the quality of calves submitted for slaughter and the latter to changes in specifications for meat inspection judgments for several localised and resolved diseases and defects. Alterations to the disease and defect recording categories of the database have resulted in more appropriate national statistics and such a database can be used to identify inconsistencies in the application of meat inspection judgments between slaughterhouses.  相似文献   

Lesions in the carcasses and viscera of very young slaughter calves condemned at post-mortem meat inspection     

Biss ME  Alley MR  Madie P  Hathaway SC 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1994,42(4):121-127

The carcasses of 370 very young slaughter calves condemned for various diseases and defects at routine post-mortem meat inspection were subjected to further and more detailed macroscopic examination as well as histopathological examination of some tissues. Of the carcasses examined, 138 were condemned for navel ill, and in the majority of these cases the lesions extended beyond the umbilicus, particularly involving the umbilical vein and the urachus. Enzootic pneumonia was the most common cause of pleuritic lesions in the carcass, and 75 carcasses were condemned for this lesion. Arthritis, whether localised or involving a number of joints, was the primary lesion in 32 carcasses. Focal interstitial nephritis was observed in the kidneys of 36 carcasses, while 23 carcasses were condemned for wounds and bruising. A number of other miscellaneous diseases and defects, including generalised peritonitis, jaundice, hepatic abscesses and fever, were observed at low rates in condemned carcasses. Resolution or localisation of lesions had occurred at the time of slaughter on average in 35% of the condemned carcasses and the judgment of total condemnation was difficult to justify on a scientific basis and would not have been applied to other classes of slaughtered livestock. In the case of wounds and bruising, 95.6% of the carcasses could have been trimmed. There was also considerable variation in the likely pathogenesis and systemic effects of the diseases and defects observed. A need for clear and specific judgment criteria to be applied to the carcasses of very young slaughter calves at post-mortem meat inspection was identified.  相似文献   

Biochemical and Protein Profile of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Uterine Horn Fluid During Early Pregnancy          下载免费PDF全文

ME Argañaraz  SA Apichela  R Zampini  J Vencato  C Stelletta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(1):121-128

South American camelids show high embryo loss rate, during the first 60 days of pregnancy. One of the factors which may be related to this situation is that over 98% of the embryos implant in the left uterine horn (LUH) even though both ovaries contribute similarly to ovulation. There is scarce information about the uterine environment of female camelids at any physiological state that could explain the capability of the LUH to attract the embryo and maintain pregnancy. We describe, for the first time, the biochemical and protein profile of uterine fluid (UF), addressing the right and LUH environment in non‐pregnant and pregnant alpacas. Different substrates, electrolytes and metabolites were assayed in both uterine horn fluids. Small changes were observed in glucose and total protein levels, which were more noticeable during pregnancy. In addition, 10 specific proteins were found in the left horn fluid in 5‐week‐pregnant alpacas, and two protein bands were identified in non‐pregnant alpaca right horn fluid. These results would provide basic information for identification of possible markers for pregnancy diagnosis, reproductive diseases and hormone‐treated animals evaluation and hence contributing to improve the pregnancy rate.  相似文献   

The nutritional management of gastrointestinal tract disorders in companion animals     

WG Guilford  ME Matz 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):284-291

Dietary protein, carbohydrates, fats and fibre have marked influences on gastrointestinal tract function and dysfunction. This article reviews the nutritional management of common gastrointestinal disorders in companion animals and introduces some of the current areas of research including probiotics, prebiotics, protein-hydrolysate diets, immunonutrition and dietary fibre.

Nutritional management of oesophageal disease revolves around varying the consistency of the diet and feeding the animal from an elevated container. Provision of bowel rest remains the mainstay of the management of acute gastroenteritis but food-based oral rehydration solutions are a useful adjunct. The recommended diet for chronic small bowel diarrhoea is a highly digestible, hypoallergenic, gluten-free, low-lactose and low-fat diet with modest amounts of fermentable fibre. The use of probiotics in the management of diarrhoea in companion animals has not yet been shown to be beneficial. It is likely that prebiotics will prove more effective than probiotics in the prevention of enteropathogenic infections.

Approximately 50% of cats in New Zealand that suffer from chronic idiopathic vomiting or diarrhoea will respond to a novel-protein-elimination diet and approximately 30% meet the diagnostic criteria for food sensitivity. Growing evidence supports the use of protein-hydrolysate diets in the management of inflammatory bowel disease and further advances in immunonutrition are expected. The dietary management of colitis should include a hypoallergenic diet with a fermentable fibre source.

Manipulation of the diet provides clinicians a powerful therapeutic strategy to be used alone or concurrently with drug therapy in the management of gastrointestinal disorders.  相似文献   

Comparison of femoral and auricular arterial blood pressure monitoring in pigs     

Louise ME Bass BSc  BVMS  Member ACVSc    Dao-Yi Yu† MD  PhD  & Len K Cullen BVSc  PhD  Fellow ACVSc  Diplomate ECVAA 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(5):457-463

Objective To compare arterial blood pressure measurements obtained from the femoral and auricular arteries in anaesthetized pigs. Study design Prospective experimental study. Animals Fifteen female Large White pigs were used weighing 21.3 ± 2.3 kg. Methods The pigs were anaesthetized with tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine administered intramuscularly, and anaesthesia maintained with isoflurane delivered in oxygen/nitrogen. Arterial oxygen partial pressures were maintained between 11.3 and 13.3 kPa and PaCO₂ between 4.6 and 6.0 kPa. Monitoring included electrocardiogram, capnography and invasive blood pressure. The auricular and femoral arteries were catheterized for continuous systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurements. Measurements were recorded every 15 minutes. Statistical analysis involved a Bland–Altman plot analysis. Results The mean difference ± confidence intervals between the femoral and the auricular arterial diastolic, systolic and mean blood pressure measurements during hypotension were 2 ± 7, 2 ± 5 and 2 ± 5 mmHg respectively. In conditions of normotension mean difference ± confidence intervals, of femoral and auricular arterial blood pressure measurements of diastolic, systolic and mean blood pressure were 4 ± 5, 3 ± 7 and 4 ± 4 mmHg respectively. In conditions of increased arterial blood pressure, mean difference ± confidence intervals, of femoral and auricular arterial blood pressure measurements of diastolic, systolic and mean blood pressure were 4 ± 5, 3 ± 8 and 4 ± 4 mmHg respectively. Conclusion Auricular artery catheterization is easier and quicker to perform. Pressure measurements from the auricular artery compared well with the femoral artery. Clinical relevance We found that auricular arterial blood pressures were similar to femoral arterial values under the conditions of this experiment. We did not test extremes of blood pressure or significant alterations in body temperature.  相似文献   

Comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthetic index in unpremedicated dogs     

DS  Galloway  JCH Ko  RE Mandsager  HF Reaugh  ME Payton  E Portillo 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):103-104

Anesthetic respiratory effects of sevoflurane (SEVO) were compared with isoflurane (ISO) in unpremedicated dogs. Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), apneic concentration (AC), and anesthetic index (AI) of SEVO and ISO were determined in eight 1‐year‐old healthy dogs, weighing 19 ± 3 kg (mean ± SEM) in a randomized complete block multiple cross‐over design. Dogs were mask‐induced with either SEVO or ISO in 100% oxygen. Following endotracheal intubation, dogs were instrumented, mechanically ventilated, and MAC was determined using a tail‐clamp method. Next, spontaneous ventilation was re‐established, and anesthetic concentration was increased to determine the AC. Throughout the anesthetic event, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SAP), mean blood pressure (MAP), diastolic blood pressure (DAP), respiratory rate (RR), end‐tidal carbon dioxide (Pe ′CO₂), and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO₂) were recorded at 3‐minute intervals. Following AC determination, AI was calculated as AC/MAC, and dogs were allowed to recover. Each dog was anesthetized four times (twice with ISO and SEVO each) at 1‐week intervals. All data were analyzed using the two‐way anova . Multiple comparisons were performed between ISO and SEVO treatments. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Significant differences were noted between agents for MAC (SEVO, 2.13 ± 0.10%; ISO, 1.38 ± 0.14%; p < 0.0001), AC (SEVO, 7.34 ± 0.13%; ISO, 3.60 ± 0.13%; p < 0.0001), and AI (SEVO, 3.46 ± 0.22; ISO, 2.63 ± 0.14; p = 0.0002). Physiologic parameters were compared between SEVO and ISO at 1MAC, 2MAC, 3MAC, and AC. No differences were noted between SEVO and ISO treatments for cardiovascular parameters (HR, SAP, MAP, DAP). Significant differences were noted, favoring SEVO, for all respiratory parameters (RR, Pe ′CO₂, SpO₂) at increasing MAC multiples. Additionally, regression analysis was conducted for physiologic variable data points. Analysis of Pe ′CO₂ data points demonstrated a significant slope difference of ?6.47 ± 1.02 (B_SEVO ? B_ISO; p < 0.0001; r² = 0.6042) favoring SEVO. While expected dose‐related ventilatory depression was noted for both agents, all the respiratory parameters for SEVO demonstrated less respiratory depression than ISO at equipotent doses. These results indicated that SEVO caused less dose‐dependent ventilatory depression than ISO, having a significantly higher AI and causing less detrimental change in pulmonary parameters at increasing levels of MAC.  相似文献