Residues of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in meat     

Jemmi T  König M 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1999,141(3):109-113

Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in food may only be present in concentrations below a toxicologically approved level. To check the established limits laboratories depend on reliable methods: on the one hand rapid and inexpensive screening tests (biological and immunological methods), on the other hand rather costly but very specific chemical-analytical reference methods. The results of residue testing in a big slaughter plant are presented. Residues of antibiotics were mainly found in calves. The most frequently detected drugs were tetracyclines, sulfonamides and aminoglycosides.  相似文献   

A case of sesamoid bone fragmentation in the leg as the cause of lameness in a female Rottweiler     

Zabka A  Koch DA  Stöcklin P  Montavon PM 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1999,141(4):195-201

An eight-month-old female rottweiler was presented with a history of intermittent lameness of the right hindlimb of 4 weeks duration. Radiographs showed a fragmentation in two plantar sesamoid bones of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Based on these clinical and radiographic signs sesamoid disease of the 2nd and 7th sesamoid bone in the right hindpaw was diagnosed. The fragmented sesamoids were surgically removed and histologically examined. The treatment was successful and the dog became lamnessfree. Additional radiographs showed fragmentations of sesamoid bones VII of both the forepaws, but they did not cause any lameness.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim in lactating dairy cows     

Kaartinen L  Löhönen K  Wiese B  Franklin A  Pyörälä S 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1999,40(3):271-278

Five Finnish Ayrshire cows in mid or end-lactation were treated with 40 mg sulphadiazine/kg and 8 mg trimethoprim/kg using intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes. Elimination of sulphadiazine was not affected by the route of administration (median t1/2 4.4-5.0 h) while elimination of trimethoprim was strongly limited by slow absorption from the injection site after s.c. and i.m. administration (median for apparent t1/2 21-25 h) compared to that after i.v. administration (median t1/2 1.2 h; p < 0.05). The median bioavailability of trimethoprim was also decreased, being 37% and 55% after s.c. and i.m. administration, respectively. When i.v. administration was used, trimethoprim concentration exceeded 0.1 mg/l in milk between 0.15-8 h while sulphadiazine concentrations above 2 mg/l were maintained from 0.5-2 h to 8 h. After s.c. and i.m. administration sulphadiazine in milk behaved similar to that after i.v. administration, while trimethoprim time-concentration curves were flat and trimethoprim concentrations were around 0.1 mg/l for an extended period of time (8-12 h). Median Cmax values in milk were only 0.07 mg/l and 0.10 mg/l for s.c. and i.m. administrations, respectively. After s.c. administration, 4 out of 5 cows showed signs of pain. After i.m. administration, 2 of the cows showed clear signs of pain and one had some local tenderness at the site of injection.  相似文献   

TGF-beta3 exists in bony fish     

Laing KJ  Pilström L  Cunningham C  Secombes CJ 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,72(1-2):45-53

A partial nucleotide sequence of transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-beta3) has been isolated from the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla), confirming a ubiquitous presence in the ray-finned (Actinopterygian) bony fish. The bony fish TGF-beta3 is highly conserved, with some 83-84% nucleotide identity (coding region) and 90-95% predicted amino acid identity to known homeotherm TGF-beta3's. Far lower homologies are apparent with other known TGF-beta isoforms in fish (e.g. 64-66% and 81-82% amino acid identity to trout TGF-beta 1/5 and carp TGF-beta2 respectively). Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the fish TGF-beta3's clustered with the known homeotherm TGF-beta3's. The relatively tight clustering of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3 was in contrast to the TGF-beta5's, which are clearly a more heterogenous group.  相似文献   

Analysis of correlated continuous repeated observations: modelling the effect of ketosis on milk yield in dairy cows   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Gröhn YT  McDermott JJ  Schukken YH  Hertl JA  Eicker SW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,39(2):137-153

This study used mixed models analysis to demonstrate the advantages of a repeated measures technique for a continuous variable over a single measure technique. As an illustration, the loss of milk yield due to ketosis was studied in 2604 multiparous New York State Holstein cows belonging to eight herds, calving between 1991 and 1993. Two methods of analysis were presented: The first treated milk yield as a continuous, summary measure (projected 305-day milk yield); the second treated milk yield as repeated measurements (test-day milk yields). In the first example, with 305-day milk yield as the outcome, ketosis was treated as a binary covariate. Ketosis had no effect on the 305-day milk yield. In the second example, with monthly test-day milk yields as the outcome, four different covariance structures (simple, compound symmetry, autoregressive, and unstructured) to model the association among the repeated measurements were compared. With this approach, ketotic cows yielded significantly less milk per day both before and immediately after diagnosis than did non-ketotic cows. Based on the goodness-of-fit statistics, it was unclear whether an autoregressive or unstructured covariance structure was best. However, an autoregressive structure, in which the previous and current test-day milk yields are assumed to be correlated, was considered more suitable in this study; it is a simpler and more appropriate covariance structure for this particular problem than is an unstructured covariance structure. Nevertheless, with the test-day approach, any of these correlation structures could be used to estimate milk loss after disease. Based on these findings, it is recommended that a repeated measures approach, rather than a single measure approach, be used to study the short-term effect of disease on milk yield.  相似文献   

Morphology,spatial arrangement and origin of macropores in some hapludalfs,West Germany     

R. Tippkötter 《Geoderma》1983,29(4):355-371

Twenty oriented blocks, roughly 10 cm along each edge, were collected from the Bv and C horizons of four Hapludalfs near Hannover (West Germany). At least two blocks were obtained from each horizon of each profile. The macropores (0.1–1 mm) in these blocks were then examined by micromorphological methods. The 3-dimensional arrangements of pores were observed by two approaches, viz., (1) preparing photographic sequences of successive polished sections obtained from the sample blocks and then stacking photographs to simulate pore geometry; (2) preparing resin casts of tubular pores.Examination of stacked photographs and the resin casts by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by electron-optical image analyses indicate interconnected systems of pores with the most frequently occurring diameters between 150 and 250 μm. Interconnections among pores are very similar in numbers throughout the Bv horizons.Comparisons of the diameters, branching, and tapering of macropores with similar features of plant roots suggest that most pores between 0.1 and 1 mm have been produced by roots. Some may be due to fauna, but all seem to have been of biological origin and are therefore considered biopores.  相似文献   

Normal values for aortic blood pressures and heart rates of cattle in a controlled environment     

J D Olsen  G D Booth 《The Cornell veterinarian》1972,62(1):85-100

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Toxicological studies of phenoxyacetic herbicides in animals     

N E Bj?rklund  K Erne 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1966,7(4):364-390

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Gegenwartsprobleme im forstlichen Pflanzgartenbetrieb     

A. von Schönborn 《European Journal of Forest Research》1964,83(11-12):350-358

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Über das Verhalten von Hausbockkäfer-Larven in verschiedenen Splintholzzonen     

August Körting 《Journal of pest science》1965,38(1):1-4

Zusammenfassung Hausbocklarven verschiedenen Gewichtes wurden in ungleich großen Abständen von der Rinde bzw. der Kerngrenze in den Splint hauptsächlich von Kiefernkantholzabschnitten verbracht. Nach mehrmonatiger Haltung unter kontrollierten Feuchtigkeits- und Temperaturbedingungen wurden der Verlauf der Fraßgänge festgestellt und — soweit es sich um Eilarven handelte — einige Ermittlungen über das Gedeihen der Tiere vorgenommen. Als Ergebnis war folgendes zu verbuchen:Die Larven waren nicht in ihrer jeweiligen Einsetzzone verblieben, sondern hatten das Splintholz regellos, aber unter gelegentlicher Bevorzugung der peripher gelegenen Schichten mit Bohrgängen durchzogen.Ein Einfluß geotaktischer Reaktionen auf die Wanderung der Larven konnte bei horizontaler Lagerung der Kanthölzer nicht eindeutig festgestellt werden.Mehrere Zentimeter tief in das Holz gesetzte Eilarven zeigten nur geringes Wachstum und hohe Sterblichkeitsziffern.Die Bedeutung der Versuchsresultate für die chemische Bekämpfung des Schädlings wird diskutiert.

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Summary In experiments larvae of the house longhorn beetle were brought at different distances from the bark or the heartwood-limit into the sapwood of pine logs mainly. After a feeding period of several months the following could be stated:The larvae did not stay in the zones where they had been put in but had crossed irregularly through the whole sapwood constructing their food-galleries.Egg-larvae put into the wood to a depth of several centimeters had but a slow growth and a high mortality.The importance of the results is discussed with regard to the chemical pest control.

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Die Untersuchungen erfolgten in Rahmen einer vom Bundesministerium für Wohnungswesen, Städtebau und Raumordnung dankenswerterweise finanziell unterstützten Forschungsaufgabe.  相似文献