A Phospholipid-Protein Complex from Antarctic Krill Reduced Plasma Homocysteine Levels and Increased Plasma Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) and Carnitine Levels in Male Wistar Rats     

Bodil Bj?rndal  Marie S. Ramsvik  Carine Lindquist  Jan E. Nordrehaug  Inge Bruheim  Asbj?rn Svardal  Ottar Nyg?rd  Rolf K. Berge 《Marine drugs》2015,13(9):5706-5721

Seafood is assumed to be beneficial for cardiovascular health, mainly based on plasma lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, other plasma risk factors linked to cardiovascular disease are less studied. This study aimed to penetrate the effect of a phospholipid-protein complex (PPC) from Antarctic krill on one-carbon metabolism and production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed isoenergetic control, 6%, or 11% PPC diets for four weeks. Rats fed PPC had reduced total homocysteine plasma level and increased levels of choline, dimethylglycine and cysteine, whereas the plasma level of methionine was unchanged compared to control. PPC feeding increased the plasma level of TMAO, carnitine, its precursors trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine. There was a close correlation between plasma TMAO and carnitine, trimethyllysine, and γ-butyrobetaine, but not between TMAO and choline. The present data suggest that PPC has a homocysteine lowering effect and is associated with altered plasma concentrations of metabolites related to one-carbon metabolism and B-vitamin status in rats. Moreover, the present study reveals a non-obligatory role of gut microbiota in the increased plasma TMAO level as it can be explained by the PPC’s content of TMAO. The increased level of carnitine and carnitine precursors is interpreted to reflect increased carnitine biosynthesis.  相似文献   

Variations in coastal fish species composition captured by traps in Romsdalsfjord,Western Norway     

Pablo Arechavala-Lopez  Marius Berg  Ingebrigt Uglem  Pål-Arne Bjørn  Bengt Finstad 《International Aquatic Research》2016,8(2):109-119

Fish traps are widely used in Norwegian fjords, especially those designed for monitoring salmonid populations in the marine environment, although many other marine fish species are also captured. The composition and spatio-temporal variations of fish species captured by fish traps were monitored in five different coastal locations throughout the Romsdalsfjord region, Western Norway, from May to August during the three consecutive years (2011–2013). Twenty-three fish species were captured by traps in coastal waters, both resident and migratory fishes. The most common fish and with greater catchability were saithe (Pollachis virens) and sea trout (Salmo trutta), followed by cod (Gadus morhua), pollack (P. pollachius), herring (Clupea harengus) and mackerels (Trachurus trachurus and Scomber scombrus). However, the captured assemblage presented great spatial and seasonal variations, in terms of mean daily catch, probably associated with hydrographical conditions and migrational patterns. Information obtained in this study will help us to better understand the compositions and dynamic of coastal fish populations inhabiting Norwegian coastal waters. In addition, traps are highly recommended as a management tool for fish research (e.g. fish-tagging experiments, mark and recapture) and conservation purposes (coastal use and fisheries studies).  相似文献   

Dynamics of serum antibodies to and load of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in pigs in three finishing herds,affected or not by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome     

Inger M Brunborg  Caroline Fossum  Bj?rn Lium  Gunilla Blomqvist  Elodie Merlot  Anne J?rgensen  Lena Eliasson-Selling  Espen Rimstad  Christine M Jonassen  Per Wallgren 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2010,52(1):22

Background

Despite that PMWS commonly affects pigs aged eight to sixteen weeks; most studies of PMWS have been conducted during the period before transfer to finishing herds. This study focused on PCV2 load and antibody dynamics in finishing herds with different PMWS status.

Methods

Sequentially collected blood samples from 40 pigs in each of two Swedish (A and B) and one Norwegian (C) finishing herds were analysed for serum PCV2-load and -antibodies and saliva cortisol. The two Swedish herds differed in PMWS status, despite receiving animals from the same sow pool (multi-site production). However, the PMWS-deemed herd (A) had previously also received pigs from the spot market. ResultsThe initial serum PCV2 load was similar in the two Swedish herds. In herd A, it peaked after two weeks in the finishing herd and a high number of the pigs had serum PCV2 levels above 10⁷ per ml. The antibody titres increased continually with exception for the pigs that developed PMWS, that had initially low and then declining antibody levels. Pigs in the healthy herd B also expressed high titres of antibodies to PCV2 on arrival but remained at that level throughout the study whereas the viral load steadily decreased. No PCV2 antibodies and only low amounts of PCV2 DNA were detected in serum collected during the first five weeks in the PMWS-free herd C. Thereafter a peak in serum PCV2 load accompanied by an antibody response was recorded. PCV2 from the two Swedish herds grouped into genotype PCV2b whereas the Norwegian isolate grouped into PCV2a. Cortisol levels were lower in herd C than in herds A and B.

Conclusions

The most obvious difference between the Swedish finishing herds and the Norwegian herd was the time of infection with PCV2 in relation to the time of allocation, as well as the genotype of PCV2. Clinical PMWS was preceded by low levels of serum antibodies and a high load of PCV2 but did not develop in all such animals. It is notable that herd A became affected by PMWS after errors in management routine, emphasising the importance of proper hygiene and general disease-preventing measures.  相似文献   

Social science. Cooperation and the commons     

Vollan B  Ostrom E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6006):923-924

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Temporal variation in soil microbial communities in Alpine tundra     

Robert G. Björk  Mats P. Björkman  Mats X. Andersson  Leif Klemedtsson 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(1):266-268

Temporal variation in soil microbial communities was studied at a mid-alpine environment in Latnjajaure, northern Sweden, using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. The results show two seasonal shifts in microbial composition. The first shift was associated with snowmelt and mainly related to a decrease in fungal PLFAs, accompanied by an increase in branched 17:0 and methylated PLFAs (biomarkers for Gram-positive- and actinobacteria, respectively), resulting in a decrease in the ratio of fungi-to-bacteria. The second shift occurred across the growing season, and was associated with a switch from shorter to longer PLFAs and an increase in 18:1ω7 (biomarker for Gram-negative bacteria). Vegetation, snow cover dynamics, and N turnover seem to be of minor importance to broad-scale microbial community structure in this area.  相似文献   

Assessment of artificial substrates for lumpfish: effect of material thickness and water current speed     

Albert K. Imsland  Patrick Reynolds  Gerhard Eliassen  Thor A. Hangstad  Tor Anders Elvegård  Tonje Cecilie Urskog  Bjørn Mikalsen 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(6):1469-1479

This study assessed the use of different types of substrates (450 g PVC, 130 g plastic) and water speed (5.0, 10 and 20 cm s^?1) on growth and substrate selection in lumpfish. There were no differences between the percentages of fish attached to both types of substrates as they grew for each of the three different water speeds. Substrate adherence was similar on both substrate types and for all water current speed as the study progressed and was between 25 to 30% in all groups at termination of the trial. Results from the present study show that increasing water speed did not affect attachment preferences in lumpfish as they grew. Larger specimens were observed attaching to both thin and thicker substrates equally. Water speed did not affect growth performance as there were no differences in growth observed at the end of the study period between the three groups of lumpfish. However, further studies are required to determine if higher water speeds affect both growth and attachment preference of lumpfish as they grow.  相似文献   

Mechanical characterization of juvenile European aspen (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) using full-field strain measurements     

Ingela Bjurhager  Lars A. Berglund  Stig L. Bardage  Björn Sundberg 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(5):349-355

Functional analysis of genes and proteins involved in wood formation and fiber properties often involves phenotyping saplings of transgenic trees. The objective of the present study was to develop a tensile test method for small green samples from saplings, and to compare mechanical properties of juvenile European aspen (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides). Small microtomed sections were manufactured and successfully tested in tension parallel to fiber orientation. Strain was determined by digital speckle photography. Results showed significantly lower values for juvenile hybrid aspen in both Young’s modulus and tensile strength parallel to the grain. Average Young’s moduli spanned the ranges of 5.9–6.6 and 4.8–6.0 GPa for European aspen and hybrid aspen, respectively. Tensile strength was in the range of 45–49 MPa for European aspen and 32–45 MPa for hybrid aspen. The average density (oven-dry) was 284 kg/m³ for European aspen and 221 kg/m³ for hybrid aspen. Differences in mechanical properties correlated with differences in density. Part of this article was presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Wood Machining, May 21–23, 2007, Lausanne, Switzerland  相似文献   

Adaptation strategies of the Icelandic horse with induced forelimb lameness at walk,trot and tölt     

Ineke H. Smit  Elin Hernlund  Emma Persson-Sjodin  Sigridur Björnsdóttir  Helga Gunnarsdottir  Vikingur Gunnarsson  Marie Rhodin  Filipe M. Serra Braganca 《Equine veterinary journal》2024,56(3):617-630

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IAWS news     

A. Björkman 《Wood Science and Technology》1998,32(2):157-159

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Use of wood shrinkage characteristics in breeding of fast-grown Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth in Vietnam     

Phi H. Hai  Gunnar Jansson  Björn Hannrup  Chris Harwood  Ha H. Thinh 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(6):611-611

u| li]? Genotypic variation in wood total and partial shrinkage, basic density and growth traits was estimated in 51÷2 year old Acacia auriculiformis trees in a clonal test. li]? In the tangential, radial and longitudinal directions, the mean values were 2.64%, 1.64% and 0.77% for partial shrinkage, and 5.92%, 3.23%, and 0.96% for total shrinkage, respectively. Total and partial transverse shrinkage were significantly greater in sapwood than in heartwood. li]? Clonal repeatability (H _C ² ) estimates for partial shrinkage were lower than those for total shrinkage, and heartwood shrinkages had lower H _C ² than those for sapwood. Estimates of H _C ² were from 0.32 to 0.38 for total transverse shrinkage, comparable to H _C ² for both total and partial volumetric shrinkages (0.40 and 0.32, respectively). However, H _C ² for longitudinal shrinkages, total and partial coefficients of anisotropy were only from 0.09 to 0.18. li]? The genotypic coefficients of variation of all shrinkage traits varied from 5.45% to 8.02%. Total shrinkage was strongly positively correlated with partial shrinkage in each dimension. Genotypic correlations were not significant between shrinkage and growth traits or density. Strong and significant correlations between transverse shrinkage in heartwood and sapwood (0.87) indicated that juvenile shrinkage is a good genetic indicator of this trait in older trees. Utilisation du retrait du bois dans l’amélioration de l’Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth à croissance rapide au Vietnam.  相似文献