Reliability of macroscopic grading of intervertebral disk degeneration in dogs by use of the Thompson system and comparison with low-field magnetic resonance imaging findings     

Bergknut N  Grinwis G  Pickee E  Auriemma E  Lagerstedt AS  Hagman R  Hazewinkel HA  Meij BP 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(7):899-904

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PrPSc spreading patterns in the brain of sheep linked to different prion types     

Wemheuer WM  Benestad SL  Wrede A  Wemheuer WE  Brenig B  Bratberg B  Schulz-Schaeffer WJ 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):32

ABSTRACT: Scrapie in sheep and goats has been known for more than 250 years and belongs nowadays to the so-called prion diseases that also include e.g. bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. According to the prion hypothesis, the pathological isoform (PrPSc) of the cellular prion protein (PrPc) comprises the essential, if not exclusive, component of the transmissible agent. Currently, two types of scrapie disease are known - classical and atypical/Nor98 scrapie. In the present study we examine 24 cases of classical and 25 cases of atypical/Nor98 scrapie with the sensitive PET blot method and validate the results with conventional immunohistochemistry. The sequential detection of PrPSc aggregates in the CNS of classical scrapie sheep implies that after neuroinvasion a spread from spinal cord and obex to the cerebellum, diencephalon and frontal cortex via the rostral brainstem takes place. We categorize the spread of PrPSc into four stages: the CNS entry stage, the brainstem stage, the cruciate sulcus stage and finally the basal ganglia stage. Such a sequential development of PrPSc was not detectable upon analysis of the present atypical/Nor98 scrapie cases. PrPSc distribution in one case of atypical/Nor98 scrapie in a presumably early disease phase suggests that the spread of PrPSc aggregates starts in the di- or telencephalon. In addition to the spontaneous generation of PrPSc, an uptake of the infectious agent into the brain, that bypasses the brainstem and starts its accumulation in the thalamus, needs to be taken into consideration for atypical/Nor98 scrapie.  相似文献   

Effect of circadian rhythm,age, training and acute lameness on serum concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) neo-epitope in horses     

S. Ekman  A. Lindahl  U. Rüetschi  A. Jansson  K. Björkman  K. Abrahamsson-Aurell  S. Björnsdóttir  M. Löfgren  L. Mattsson Hultén  E. Skiöldebrand 《Equine veterinary journal》2019,51(5):674-680

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Prevalence of Neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in dairy cows in Southern Vietnam     

Duong MC  Alenius S  Huong LT  Björkman C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,175(3):390-394

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in some dairy herds in Southern Vietnam, and to ascertain whether there were differences in seroprevalences between herds with imported and locally bred cows. Serum samples collected on five state farms and 97 smallholder herds were analysed for the presence of antibodies to N. caninum and BVDV. All BVDV antibody-negative sera were further tested by antigen-ELISA in order to identify persistently infected individuals. The N. caninum prevalence varied between 16% and 53% in the state herds, and was higher in the four herds that had imported cows than in the herd that only had locally bred cows. Nineteen percent of the samples collected on smallholder farms, which all had only locally bred cows, had antibodies to N. caninum. The BVDV seroprevalence varied between 58% and 93% on the state farms. In smallholder herds, the prevalence of BVDV among the sampled cows was 18% and even lower on the state farms. Despite the high seroprevalence for BVDV in the state herds, no persistently BVDV infected cows were found. Given the high prevalence for Neospora and BVDV among herds with imported cows, it seems advisable to test for both infections before cattle are imported into the country.  相似文献   

Reactions of strawberry plants to long-term freezing and alternate freezing and thawing     

R Nestby  R. Bjørgum  A. Nes  T. Wikdahl  B. Hageberg 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):280-285

Summary

The study was conducted in two experiments, one examining the effects of alternate freezing and thawing at –12?C for 2 h and +6#x02DA;C for 24 h, and the other examining the effects of permanent freezing for 1 or 15 d at+12?C. In both experiments the plants were grown in the pre-fruiting period at a coastal or a continental location in Norway. The freezing injury increased the higher the stress, indicated by reduced growth, fruit size and yield.It was shown that ‘Korona’ was the most hardy cultivar at a short period of freezing stress and at alternate freezing and thawing, while ‘Senga Sengana’ was more freezing tolerant at long-term permanent freezing than ‘Bounty’ and ‘Korona.’ In general the results indicate that the plants induce freezing tolerance according to some factor of origin, since plants grown in the continental climate were better able to survive long-termpermanent freezing than plants grown in a coastal climate, and plants grown in a coastal climate were better able to survive alternate freezing and thawing than plants grown in a continental climate.  相似文献   

Yields and the extent and causes of damage in cauliflower,bulb onion,and carrot grown under organic or conventional regimes     

D. B. Dresbøll  G. K. Bjørn  K. Thorup-Kristensen 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):770-776

Summary

The effects of organic vs. conventional growing practices on yield, pest attacks, N uptake, and NO₃^– contents of three vegetable crops were examined. A range of cultivars of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. cv. Botrytis), bulb onion (Allium cepa L.), and carrot (Daucus carota L.) were grown organically and conventionally in a sandy-loam soil. Ranking of cultivars according to yield and susceptibility towards insect attack and fungal disease was similar in the two systems. Yields of cauliflower and onion were 20% and 45% higher, respectively, when grown conventionally. No differences in carrot yields and discard rates were observed between the two systems. Generally, the reasons for discarding varied between the two systems. In organically grown cauliflower, damage by slugs was the main reason for discarding, with 9% discarded, while hollow stem was more prevalent in conventionally grown cauliflowers, where 7% was discarded. No statistically significant differences were found between discard rates or causes in bulb onions grown organically or conventionally. Conventionally grown carrots were significantly more damaged by carrot root fly with 5% of carrots discarded, even though the flies were also present in the organic system. In contrast, more carrots with morphological defects were seen in the organic system, where 29% were discarded. The lower yields in organically grown vegetables can be explained mainly by the management practices specific to the organic system that are designed to facilitate weed and pest management. In addition, inadequate early nutrient supply provides a possible explanation for the lower yields in organically grown cauliflowers and onions, as well as the lower planting density of onions.  相似文献   

Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolates in Swedish broilers mediated by an incI plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-1     

Stefan B?rjesson  Bj?rn Bengtsson  Cecilia Jernberg  Stina Englund 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):3

Background

The already high and increasing occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in European broiler populations is of concern due to the fact that third and fourth generation cephalosporins are deemed critically important in human medicine. In Sweden 34% of the broilers carry ESBL/pAmpC producing E. coli in their gut, despite the absence of a known selection pressure such as antimicrobial usages. The aim of the current study was to characterise a selection of E. coli strains carrying the bla_CTX-M-1, to determine if the spread was due to a specific clone.

Findings

Ten isolates carrying bla_CTX-M-1 from Swedish broilers belonged to eight different multi-locus sequence types with three isolates belonging to ST155. The ST155 isolates were identical as assessed by PFGE. The bla_CTX-M-1 was in all isolates carried on a plasmid of replicon type incI, which also transferred resistance to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole.

Conclusion

The occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the Swedish broilers is not due to the emergence of a single clone, but rather the spread of a specific incI plasmid carrying bla_CTX-M-1.  相似文献   

Detection of IgG and IgE serum antibodies to Culicoides salivary gland antigens in horses with insect dermal hypersensitivity (sweet itch).     

A D Wilson  L J Harwood  S Bj?rnsdottir  E Marti  M J Day 《Equine veterinary journal》2001,33(7):707-713

We postulated that all horses exposed to the bites of Culcoides (midges) would have an antibody response to the antigen secreted in Culcoides saliva, but that IgE antibody would be restricted to allergic individuals. Using immunohistology on sections of fixed Culicoides, we have demonstrated the presence of antibodies in horse serum which recognise Culicoides salivary glands. Antibodies were detected in the serum of horses with insect dermal hypersensitivity and in the serum of normal horses exposed to Culicoides bites. In contrast, no antibodies were detected in serum from native Icelandic ponies which had not been exposed to Culicoides. Anti-salivary gland IgG antibodies were detected in serum from both allergic and healthy horses exposed to Culicoides. IgE antibodies were only detected in horses with signs of insect dermal hypersensitivity, they were not found in serum of healthy controls nor in the serum of horses with a history of hypersensitivity but in remission at the time of sampling. Using western blotting we confirmed the presence of antibodies to Culicoides antigens and demonstrated that individual horses react to different numbers of antigens. This paper demonstrates the ability of serum from allergic horses to detect Culcoides antigens and will enable further studies to isolate and characterise the allergens.  相似文献   

The involvement of Aeromonas salmonicida virulence factors in bacterial translocation across the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), intestine     

Jutfelt F  Sundh H  Glette J  Mellander L  Thrandur Björnsson B  Sundell K 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(2):141-151

The pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a lethal disease in salmonids. The mode of lateral transmission has not been conclusively defined, but A. salmonicida is able to translocate across the intestinal epithelium of salmonids, making the intestinal route a probable candidate. This study investigated some of the virulence mechanisms used by the bacteria to promote translocation. Intestinal segments were placed in modified Ussing chambers to investigate epithelial functions during exposure to bacterial factors. The factors were: extracellular products (ECP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or live or heat-inactivated A. salmonicida. Fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-labelling enabled detection of translocated bacteria by fluorometry. Live A. salmonicida translocated to a greater degree than heat-inactivated bacteria, suggesting that the bacteria utilize a heat sensitive surface-bound virulence factor which promotes translocation. The epithelium was negatively affected by ECP, manifested as decreased net ion transport, indicating a disturbance in ion channels or cell metabolism. LPS did not affect the epithelium in vitro when administered on the luminal side of the intestinal segment, but significantly increased epithelial translocation of fluorescent bacterial-sized microspheres when administered on the serosal side. This is suggested to be caused by increased transcellular transport, as the paracellular permeability was unaffected indicating maintained epithelial integrity.  相似文献   

Inorganic Sediment Budget for the North Inlet Salt Marsh,South Carolina,U.S.A.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Vogel  Ronald L.  Kjerfve  Björn  Gardner  L. Robert 《Mangroves and Salt Marshes》1996,1(1):23-35

Most salt marshes along the east coast of North America appear to accumulate sediment at a rate sufficient to keep pace with the rise in eustatic sea level and local subsidence. Thus, these marshes must be importing sediment from the coastal ocean and/or the adjacent estuaries. The sediment accumulating in the North Inlet salt marsh, South Carolina, is 80% inorganic, and, based on ²¹⁰Pb dating, is accreting at a rate of 0.098 g cm^–2 yr^–1, equal to a 2.7 mm yr^–1 vertical sedimentation rate. Tide gauge records show a relative sea level rise of 2.2 to 3.4 mm yr^–1, indicating this marsh is maintaining its elevation relative to mean sea level rise. The North Inlet salt marsh has two avenues of sediment exchange: (1) through the tidal inlet to the ocean and (2) through Winyah Bay, the adjoining estuary. Long-term inorganic suspended sediment flux through the inlet is calculated to be a net import of 1.35 kg s^–1, based on application of a tidal hypsometric flow model to seven years of daily suspended sediment concentrations. However, the import required to balance relative sea level rise is only 0.80 kg s^–1, implying an excess net import of 0.55 kg s^–1. The difference between import and accumulation is explained by the progradation of the marsh toward Winyah Bay, a conclusion which is supported by the geomorphology and stratigraphy of the marsh-estuary border. Thus, the North Inlet marsh imports sediment on the average through the tidal inlet, at a rate which allows for both vertical accumulation at a rate approximately equal to the relative sea level rise and also lateral expansion of the marsh.  相似文献