Potential enhancement of degradation of the nematicides aldicarb,oxamyl and fosthiazate in UK agricultural soils through repeated applications     

Rachel K Osborn  Simon G Edwards  Andrew Wilcox  Patrick PJ Haydock 《Pest management science》2010,66(3):253-261

BACKGROUND: The potential for enhanced degradation of the carbamoyloxime nematicides aldicarb and oxamyl and the organophosphate fosthiazate was investigated in 35 UK agricultural soils. Under laboratory conditions, soil samples received three successive applications of nematicide at 25 day intervals. RESULTS: The second and third applications of aldicarb were degraded at a faster rate than the first application in six of the 15 aldicarb‐treated soils, and a further three soils demonstrated rapid degradation of all three applications. High organic matter content and low pH had an inhibitory effect on the rate of aldicarb degradation. Rapid degradation was observed in nine out of the ten soils treated with oxamyl. In contrast, none of the fosthiazate‐treated soils demonstrated enhanced degradation. CONCLUSION: The potential for enhanced degradation of aldicarb and oxamyl was demonstrated in nine out of 15 and nine out of ten soils respectively that had previously been treated with these active substances. Degradation of fosthiazate occurred at a much slower rate, with no evidence of enhanced degradation. Fosthiazate may provide a useful alternative in cases where the efficacy of aldicarb and oxamyl has been reduced as a result of enhanced degradation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Serovar profiling of Haemophilus parasuis on Australian farms by sampling live pigs     

C Turni  PJ Blackall 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(7):255-259

Objective Investigate the diversity of serovars of Haemophilus parasuis (Hps) present in Australian pig herds. Design Nasal swabs were used to obtain multiple isolates of Hps, which were grouped first by genotyping and then by serotyping representative isolates. Procedure Swabs were taken from the nasal cavity of just-weaned healthy pigs from multiparous sows on 12 farms and from post-weaned pigs of multiparous sows on 1 farm. On 5 of the 13 farms, nasal swabs were also obtained from pigs showing clinical signs suggestive of Glässer's disease. On a further 7 farms, nasal swabs were obtained only from pigs with clinical signs suggestive of Glässer's disease. Results A total of 556 Hps isolates were genotyped, and 150 isolates were serotyped. Hps was detected on 19 of the 20 farms, including 2 farms with a long history of freedom from Glässer's disease. Isolates of Hps belonging to serovars regarded as potentially pathogenic were obtained from healthy pigs at weaning on 8 of the 10 farms with a history of Glässer's disease outbreaks. Sampling 213 sick pigs yielded 115 isolates of Hps, 99 of which belonged to serovars that were either potentially pathogenic or of unknown pathogenicity. Only 16 isolates from these 213 sick pigs were of a serovar known to be non-pathogenic. Conclusion Healthy pigs contain a range of Hps serovars, even on farms free of Glässer's disease. Nasal swabbing of both healthy and sick pigs seems a useful method of serovar profiling of farms.  相似文献   

Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum diets on the concentration of certain blood metabolites in dairy cows     

PJ DeGaris  IJ Lean  AR Rabiee  MA Stevenson 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(4):137-145

Objective To evaluate the effect of the number of days exposure to a prepartum transition diet on mineral, energy and protein metabolism in dairy cows. Design A prospective cohort study. Procedures The prepartum transition diet consisted of ryegrass pasture, cereal hay, grain, grain by-product, protein meals, BioChlor®, rumen modifiers, minerals and vitamins and contained 13.9% crude protein, 10.0 MJ metabolisable energy/kg and a dietary cation anion difference of −35 meq/kg dry matter. Forty cows were bled bi-weekly from their introduction to the prepartum transition diet until day 35 of lactation. Blood samples were submitted for estimation of a range of metabolites. Cubic smoothed splines were fitted to scatterplots of metabolite concentration as a function of day relative to calving and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Linear regression modelling determined the effect of days exposed, age, body condition score (BSC) and calving day on AUC. Results The prepartum AUC of blood phosphorus and beta-hydroxybutyrate increased and the AUC of blood calcium and cholesterol decreased with increasing days exposed to the diet. The postpartum AUC of beta-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids decreased with increasing days exposed but increased with days exposed × age and days exposed × BCS, respectively. The AUC of other metabolites did not vary significantly with number of days exposed. Conclusions Increasing exposure to the prepartum diet significantly altered the AUC of blood metabolites associated with mineral, energy and protein metabolism in ways consistent with improvements in production and reproduction previously reported and the result suggests links between energy, protein and skeletal metabolism.  相似文献   

Fatal post-anaesthetic pneumothorax in a dog     

L Harvey  PJ Murison  D Fews  & JC Murrell 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2010,37(1):83-84

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ERIC-PCR genotyping of emergent serovar C-1 isolates of Avibacterium paragallinarum from Mexico     

Morales-Erasto V  García-Sánchez A  Salgado-Miranda C  Talavera-Rojas M  Robles-Gonzalez F  Blackall PJ  Soriano-Vargas E 《Avian diseases》2011,55(4):686-688

Between 2008 and 2010, 14 isolates of Avibacterium paragallinarum were identified as serovar C-1 in Mexico. All isolates were obtained from commercial laying hens suffering infectious coryza despite a history of vaccination. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-based PCR genotyping showed that all isolates had a common pattern. Until recently, serovars A-1, A-2, B-1, and C-2 were the serovars prevalent in Mexico. Serovar C-1 has been identified in Japan and recently in the Americas in Ecuador. Our current study suggests that Av. paragallinarum serovar C-1 is an emerging serovar in Mexico. Our results also indicate that the Mexican isolates of Av. paragallinarum serovar C-1 may have a clonal relationship. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of Av. paragallinarum may be of value in understanding vaccine performance and identifying the best combination to achieve broader protection.  相似文献   

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离培养和血清型鉴定   总被引：70，自引：0，他引：70  

蔡旭旺刘正飞  陈焕春吴斌  金梅林PatBlackall 《华中农业大学学报》2005,24(1):55-58

从全国十多个省市送检的疑似患多发浆膜炎与关节炎猪的病料中分离到32株细菌,进行了细菌形态观察、培养特性和生化特性鉴定;根据副猪嗜血杆菌16S rRNA序列设计引物进行PCR扩增,将822bp扩增片段连入T-载体后测序,再与GenBank(M75065)中的序列进行比对,表明其与国外副猪嗜血杆菌菌株16S rRNA序列的同源性为97％以上,确定为副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)。将其中的15株按Kieletein-Rapp-Gabriedson(KRG)琼脂扩散血清分型方法进行血清型鉴定,结果为血清5型3株、血清4型4株、血清13型2株、血清12型2株,另外有4株不能进行分型。该结果表明副猪嗜血杆菌在我国广泛存在。  相似文献   

Heterozygote detection for maple syrup urine disease in cattle     

PJ HEALY  JA DENNIS 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(9):346-348

SUMMARY The clinical, pathological and biochemical manifestations of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) are similar in Poll Hereford and Poll Shorthorn X Poll Hereford calves. No significant differences were observed in branched-chain amino acid concentrations in plasma, or of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase activity in fibroblasts, between Poll Herefords homozygous normal and heterozygous for the mutation responsible for MSUD. Haemopoietic chimerism resulted in incorrect diagnosis of the MSUD genotype in 30% of non-identical twins when blood DNA was analysed using allele-specific amplification. Hair roots are shown to be a suitable source of target DNA for genotyping Poll Hereford cattle for the MSUD mutation. Twelve of 203 (5.8%) aged Poll Hereford bulls, sampled at saleyards during the last 4 months of 1993, were found to be heterozygous for the mutation. In contrast, the mutant sequence was detected in only 1 of 150 (0.7%) 2- and 3-year-old Poll Hereford bulls offered for sale at 2 stud sales held during 1993, suggesting that the prevalence of the disease may decline over the next few years.  相似文献   

Regulation of Prostaglandin Secretion and Proliferation of Bovine Endometrial Stromal Cells by Platelet-activating Factor     

U Tiemann  JA Davidson  PJ Hansen 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1995,30(3):141-143

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Serotyping of Haemophilus paragallinarum by the Page scheme: comparison of the use of agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests     

P J Blackall  L E Eaves  G Aus 《Avian diseases》1990,34(3):643-645

Seventy-two isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum were serotyped according to the Page scheme, using a new hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. The results were compared with the plate agglutination method conventionally used in the Page scheme. The HI test used washed cells of H. paragallinarum, glutaraldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes, and rabbit antisera originally produced for the agglutination method. For 49 of the isolates, there was complete correlation between the results of the HI serotyping test and the previously performed agglutination test--23 were serovar A, two were serovar B, and 24 were serovar C. The other 23 isolates were nontypable by the agglutination test, but 21 of them could be serotyped by the HI method--six as serovar A, two as serovar B, and 13 as serovar C. Nine isolates required treatment of the bacterial cells with hyaluronidase for the expression of hemagglutination (HA) activity. Two isolates did not have HA activity despite hyaluronidase treatment and so could not be serotyped by the HI test.  相似文献   

βbT-mannosidosis in Salers calves in Australia     

PJ HEALY  GN KIDD  RE REUTE  C BUNCE  I HOSIE  T STAPLETON 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(6):145-145

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