欧洲精细农业的发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T.Gemtos  S.Fountas  B.S.Blackmore  H.W.Greipentrog  何致莹 《世界农业》2006,(10):21-24

精细农业是基于农田空间与时间信息的变量农作管理来增加经济收入和减少环境影响。在一系列管理体系内,通过采用适当的技术可实现这个目的。工程技术提供了工具及其使用的管理决策。精细农业应用这些新技术来减少对单位面积农田的经营成本,从农场到农田,甚至田间。农场管理相对  相似文献   

Differences in blood supply to the cerebral cortex between sheep and calves during slaughter     

N L Blackman  K Cheetham  D K Blackmore 《Research in veterinary science》1986,40(2):252-254

Using methylene blue boli, injected via an intracardiac catheter, the blood supply to the brain in two one- to 10-day-old calves and three adult sheep was studied during and after severance of the common carotid arteries and jugular veins. Passage of dye through cerebral vessels could not be observed in the exposed cerebrum of sheep after bilateral severance of major blood vessels. When vessels were severed on one side only, the passage of dye was noted for at least 53 seconds. In calves, after bilateral severance, sequential boli of dye could be detected passing through the cerebral vessels for more than 100 seconds. These results provide an explanation and support for the belief that there are major differences in the onset of insensibility between sheep and calves subsequent to severance of the common carotid arteries and jugular veins. The differences in blood supply to the brain which were demonstrated could be accounted for by differences in the blood supply to the brain by the vertebral artery in sheep and cattle. The effects of slaughter on the blood supply to the eye are discussed as a possible explanation of the disparity between results of studies in this general field which have used retinal responses in their investigations and those which have not.  相似文献   

The experimental transmission of various mycoplasmas of feline origin to domestic cats (Felis catus)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D K Blackmore  A Hill 《The Journal of small animal practice》1973,14(1):7-13

Mycoplasma felis and M. gatae recovered from domestic cats, M. arginini from a cheetah, an unidentified glucose-fermenting mycoplasma from a lion, and M. pulmonis from a rat were inoculated into specific pathogen free (SPF) kittens by the oral, ocular and nasal routes. During the 21-day experimental period a persistent infection was established in a proportion of the kittens challenged with M. felis, M. gatae and M. arginini. The mycoplasma isolated from the lion created a transitory infection in one kitten, but M. pulmonis could not be recovered even 24 hr after inoculation. None of the organisms investigated showed any pathological effect. The implications of this work in relation to the host-specificity and pathogenicity of the feline mycoplasmas are discussed. Résumé. On a inoculé à des chatons axéniques par les voies orales, oculaires et nasales, un Myco-plasmafelis et un M. gatae recueillis de chats domestiques, un M. arginini recueilli d'un guépard, un mycoplasme non identifié à glucose fermentant recueilli d'un lion et un M. pulmonis recueilli d'un rat. Durant la période expérimentale de 21 jours, on a établi une infection persistante dans une proportion des chatons soumis aux tests de Mycoplasma felis, de M. gatae et de M. agrinini. Le mycoplasma isolé recueilli du lion a créé une infection transitoire chez un chaton, mais le M. pulmonis n'a pu être recueilli, même 24 heures après l'inoculation. Aucun des organismes sous investigation n'a montré d'effets pathologiques. On a discuté des implications de ce travail en relation avec la spécifité d'hôtes et la pathogénicité de mycoplasmes félins. Zusammenfassung. Mycoplasma felis und M. gatae von Hauskatzen erlangt, M. arginini von einem Tschita, ein unidentifiziertes Glukose-fermentierendes Mycoplasma von einem Löwen, und M. pulmonis von einer Ratte wurden in keimfreie (SPF) junge Katzen geimpft, auf oralem, Augen- und Nasenweg. Während der 21 tägigen Versuchsperiode wurde eine anhaltende Infektion in den Katzen festgestellt, die dem M. felis, M. gatae und dem M. agrinini ausgesetzt waren. Das Mycoplasma von dem Löwen abgesondert, verursachte eine vorübergehende Infektion eines Kätzchens, aber M. pulmonis konnte selbst 24 Stunden nach der Impfung nicht gefunden werden. Keines der untersuchten Organismen zeigte irgendwelche pathologischen Effekte. Die Folgerungen dieser Arbeit im Verhältnis zu der Gast-Spezifität und Pathogenizität des Katzen-mycoplasmas sind diskutiert.  相似文献   

Detection and survival of group A rotavirus in a piggery   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Z F Fu  D J Hampson  D K Blackmore 《The Veterinary record》1989,125(23):576-578

Samples of dust, faeces and effluent were collected from a piggery and examined for group A rotavirus, using a commercial ELISA test, electron microscopy and inoculation of MA-104 cells. Rotavirus antigen was demonstrated in samples collected from farrowing and weaner rooms but not from fattener and sow houses. Rotavirus antigen was also detected in samples collected from a weaner room which had been free of piglets for three months. A cytopathic porcine rotavirus (British isolate SW20/21) was kept at room temperature for four months; it survived with titres reduced by 2 log10. These observations suggest that the environment of commercial piggeries is an important source of rotaviral infection for young piglets.  相似文献   

Measurement of superoxide dismutase, diamine oxidase and caeruloplasmin oxidase in the blood of thoroughbreds     

P Smith  D Stubley  D J Blackmore 《Research in veterinary science》1983,35(2):160-164

Methods were developed for the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), diamine oxidase (DAO) and caeruloplasmin oxidase in the blood of thoroughbred horses. These enzymes were measured in 178 normal thoroughbreds stabled throughout the United Kingdom. The relationships between the activities of SOD, DAO and caeruloplasmin oxidase and the blood concentrations of their associated trace metals (copper, zinc and manganese) were studied in 52 of the thoroughbreds. Trace metals were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. No relationships were found between the activities of erythrocyte SOD and serum/whole blood copper, zinc and manganese, or serum DAO and serum copper or zinc concentrations. Caeruloplasmin oxidase in equine blood was found to be correlated to serum copper concentration, r = 0.695 (P less than 0.001) over the normal range. Samples from thoroughbreds with trace metal deficiency or toxicity were not available for study. The observed normal ranges for the activity of these enzymes are as follows: SOD: 50 to 200 units per ml whole blood between 5 and 95 percentiles; DAO: 0.1 to 28.5 units per litre (means = 14.8, SD 7.1) and caeruloplasmin oxidase; 11.6 to 35.8 units per ml (means = 23.7, SD 6.0). For numerical simplicity, the activity of DAO is given in units per litre, compared to units per ml for caeruloplasmin oxidase and SOD.  相似文献   

Cardiovascular effects of sevoflurane in Holstein calves     

SA Greene DVM  MS  DiplomateACVA    RD Keegan DVM  DiplomateACVA    RA Valdez† DVM  & DK Knowles† DVM  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2002,29(2):59-63

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular effects of sevoflurane in calves. Study design Prospective experimental study. Animals Six, healthy, 8–12‐week‐old Holstein calves weighing 80 ± 4.5 (mean ± SEM) kg were studied. Methods Anesthesia was induced by face‐mask administration of 7% sevoflurane in O₂. Calves tracheae were intubated, placed in right lateral recumbency, and maintained with 3.7% end‐tidal concentration sevoflurane for 30 minutes to allow catheterization of the auricular artery and placement of a Swan‐Ganz thermodilution catheter into the pulmonary artery. After instrumentation, administration of sevoflurane was temporarily discontinued until mean arterial pressure was > 100 mm Hg. Baseline values were recorded and the vaporizer output increased to administer 3.7% end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration. Ventilation was controlled to maintain normocapnia. The following were recorded at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 45 minutes after collection of baseline data and expressed as the mean value (± SEM): direct systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures; cardiac output; mean pulmonary arterial pressure; pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure, heart rate; and pulmonary arterial temperature. Cardiac index and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance values were calculated using standard formulae. Arterial blood gases were analyzed at baseline, and at 15 and 45 minutes. Differences from baseline values were determined using one‐way analysis of variance for repeated measures with post‐hoc differences between mean values identified using Dunnet's test (p < 0.05). Results Mean time from beginning sevoflurane administration to intubation of the trachea was 224 ± 9 seconds. The mean end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration at baseline was 0.7 (± 0.11)%. Sevoflurane anesthesia was associated with decreased arterial blood pressure at all sampling times. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased from a baseline value of 112 ± 7 mm Hg to a minimum value of 88 ± 4 mm Hg at 5 minutes. Compared with baseline, arterial pH was decreased at 15 minutes. Pulmonary arterial blood temperature was decreased at 15, 30 and 45 minutes. Arterial CO₂ tension increased from a baseline value of 43 ± 3 to 54 ± 4 mm Hg (5.7 ± 0.4 to 7.2 ± 0.3 kPa) at 15 minutes. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was increased at 30 and 45 minutes. Pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure increased from a baseline value of 18 ± 2 to 23 ± 2 mm Hg at 45 minutes. There were no significant changes in other measured variables. All calves recovered from anesthesia uneventfully. Conclusion We conclude that sevoflurane for induction and maintenance of anesthesia was effective and reliable in these calves and that neither hypotension nor decreased cardiac output was a clinical concern. Clinical relevance Use of sevoflurane for mask induction and maintenance of anesthesia in young calves is a suitable alternative to injectable and other inhalant anesthetics.  相似文献   

Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovars tarassovi and pomona from dogs     

C.G. Mackintosh  D.K. Blackmore  R.B. Marshall 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5)

Extract

This communication reports the isolation of Leptospira inter-rogans serovars tarassovi and pomona from dogs in New Zealand.  相似文献   

Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovars tarassovi and pomona from dogs     

C.G. Mackintosh  D.K. Blackmore  R.B. Marshall 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6)

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Electrical stunning and humane slaughter     

D.K. Blackmore  J.C. Newhook  G.V. Petersen 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(10)

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Enhanced atrazine degradation is widespread across the United States          下载免费PDF全文

Thomas C Mueller  Ethan T Parker  Larry Steckel  Sharon A Clay  Micheal DK Owen  William S Curran  Randall Currie  Robert Scott  Christy Sprague  Daniel O Stephenson  Donnie K Miller  Eric P Prostko  W James Grichar  James Martin  L Jason Kruz  Kevin Bradley  Mark L Bernards  Peter Dotray  Stevan Knezevic  Vince Davis  Robert Klein 《Pest management science》2017,73(9):1953-1961

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