Bilateral oblique facial clefts,rudimentary eyes and hydrocephalus in an aborted equine foetus          下载免费PDF全文

JS Agerholm  HG Pedersen  FJ McEvoy  S Heegaard 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(4):692-695

Knowledge of congenital malformations and their causes in horses is generally sparse. Such conditions require more scientific attention to improve their diagnostics and inform prevention strategies. Here, a unique syndrome of bilateral oblique facial clefts (meloschisis), rudimentary eyes and hydrocephalus is reported in an equine foetus spontaneously aborted at gestation day 224. The cause of abortion was considered to be intrauterine death caused by umbilical cord torsions and subsequent compromised blood flow, but the aetiology of the malformation could not be determined. A detailed history, which includes exposure to a range of pharmaceutical compounds during the early stages of pregnancy, is provided and emphasizes the need for accurate recording of treatments in pregnant animals.  相似文献   

Toxicologic effects of ammonium carbamate and related compounds     

R P Wilson  L E Davis  M E Muhrer  R A Bloomfield 《American journal of veterinary research》1968,29(4):897-906

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Ivermectin toxicosis in a neonatal foal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LM GODBER †  FJ DERKSEN  JF WILLIAMS†  B. MAHMOUD§ 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(5):191-192

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Buprenorphine disposition after buccal administration in cats: preliminary observations     

SA Robertson  PM  Taylor  M Bloomfield  JW Sear 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(4):206-207

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Flow Cytometric Chromosomal Sex Sorting of Stallion Spermatozoa Induces Oxidative Stress on Mitochondria and Genomic DNA          下载免费PDF全文

CM Balao da Silva  C Ortega‐Ferrusola  JM Morrell  H Rodriguez Martínez  FJ Peña 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):18-25

To date, the only repeatable method to select spermatozoa for chromosomal sex is the Beltsville sorting technology using flow cytometry. Improvement of this technology in the equine species requires increasing awareness of the modifications that the sorting procedure induces on sperm intactness. Oxidative stress is regarded as the major damaging phenomenon, and increasing evidence regards handling of spermatozoa – including sex sorting – as basic ground for oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to disclose whether the flow cytometric sorting procedure increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to identify if ROS production relates to DNA damage in sorted spermatozoa using specific flow cytometry‐based assays. After sorting, oxidative stress increased from 26% to 33% in pre‐ and post‐incubation controls, to 46% after sex sorting (p < 0.05). Proportions of DNA fragmentation index post‐sorting were approximately 10% higher (31.3%); an effect apparently conduced via oxidative DNA damage as revealed by the oxyDNA assay. The probable origin of this increased oxidative stress owes the removal of enough seminal plasma due to the unphysiological sperm extension, alongside a deleterious effect of high pressure on mitochondria during the sorting procedure.  相似文献   

Use of a transdermal matrix patch of buprenorphine in cats: preliminary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data     

Murrell JC  Robertson SA  Taylor PM  McCown JL  Bloomfield M  Sear JW 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(17):578-583

Six domestic shorthair cats, aged three to four years and weighing 5.1 to 7.4 kg, were used to assess the thermal antinociceptive effect of a transdermal buprenorphine patch, designed to supply 35 mug buprenorphine/hour, which was applied to the shaved thorax. The cats' thermal thresholds were tested before the patch was applied and two, four, six, eight, 10, 12, 14 and 16 hours after it had been applied, and then every six hours until it was removed after 72 hours, and for a further 24 hours afterwards. Blood was collected at each time to measure the plasma concentration of buprenorphine. The patches did not produce a significant change in the thermal thresholds of the cats throughout the testing period. The mean (sd) peak plasma buprenorphine concentration was 10 (0.81) ng/ml.  相似文献   

Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate (EGCG) Reduces Rotenone Effect on Stallion Sperm–Zona Pellucida Heterologous Binding          下载免费PDF全文

M Plaza Dávila  D Bucci  G Galeati  FJ Peña  G Mari  E Giaretta  C Tamanini  M Spinaci 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(6):1011-1016

Stallion spermatozoa are highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production to achieve normal sperm function and to fuel the motility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of equine sperm under capacitating conditions to the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I by rotenone and to test whether epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol component of green tea, could counteract this effect. After 2‐h incubation of stallion spermatozoa in modified Tyrode's medium, rotenone (100 nm , 500 nm and 5 μm ) and EGCG (10, 20 and 60 μm ), alone or in combination, did not induce any significant difference on the percentage of viable cells, live sperm with active mitochondria and spermatozoa with intact acrosome. The inhibition of complex I of mitochondrial respiratory chain of stallion sperm with rotenone exerted a negative effect on heterologous ZP binding ability. EGCG at the concentrations of 10 and 20 μm (but not of 60 μm ) induced a significant increase in the number of sperm bound to the ZP compared with that for control. Moreover, when stallion sperm were treated with rotenone 100 nm , the presence of EGCG at all the concentrations tested (10, 20 and 60 μm ) significantly increased the number of sperm bound to the ZP up to control levels, suggesting that this green tea polyphenol is able to reduce the toxicity of rotenone.  相似文献   

Effects of thiopentone on the equine electroencephalogram during anaesthesia with halothane in oxygen     

Cb Johnson  M Bloomfield  Pm Taylor 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2000,27(2):82-88

Objective To characterise the effects of thiopentone on the equine electroencephalogram during halothane anaesthesia. Study design Prospective controlled study. Animals Eight healthy Welsh mountain pony geldings between 5 and 9 years old and weighing between 270 and 330 kg (mean 301 kg). Methods Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained using halothane in oxygen. End tidal halothane was maintained above 0.75 and below 0.85%. EEG was recorded continuously and a binaural broad band click stimulus was provided throughout the experiment at 6.1224 Hz. An infusion of 500 mg thiopentone was given over 5 minutes. Samples were taken for blood gas analysis and plasma thiopentone assay (HPLC) 5 minutes prior to the start of the infusion and at 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The median and 95th percentile of the EEG were calculated using standard statistical techniques and the mid‐latency of the auditory evoked response was generated. The values of EEG variables at each time point were compared to the average value for the 15 minute period before the infusion was started. Arterial blood gas values and plasma thiopentone concentration were compared to the baseline sample taken prior to the start of the infusion. Comparisons were made using analysis of variance for repeated measures followed by Dunnett's test if a significant difference was detected. Results The peak serum plasma concentration was 14.5 ± 2.4 µg mL^?1 (mean ± SD) occurring 5 minutes after the start of the infusion. The 95% spectral edge frequency of the EEG decreased by a maximum of 27.4 ± 18.4% 7 minutes after the start of the thiopentone infusion. No changes were seen in median frequency of the EEG or the second differential of the middle latency auditory evoked response. Conclusions These results, coupled with the lack of antinociceptive action of thiopentone, support the hypothesis that median frequency of the EEG may be a useful indicator of nociception in anaesthetized animals. Clinical relevance If the EEG is to become a useful monitoring technique then it is important to understand the relative contribution of changing plasma concentrations of the agents used in anaesthesia.  相似文献   

Dimethylformamide Improves the In vitro Characteristics of Thawed Stallion Spermatozoa Reducing Sublethal Damage     

A Morillo Rodriguez  C Balao da Silva  B Macías‐García  JM Gallardo Bolaños  JA Tapia  IM Aparicio  C Ortega‐Ferrusola  FJ Peña 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(6):995-1002

A total of 42 ejaculates were used in the experiment; six ejaculates per stallion, obtained from seven Pure Spanish stallions (PRE), were split and frozen in freezing media with different concentrations and combinations of cryoprotectant (CPA): (i) Cáceres (skim milk based extender) containing 2.5% glycerol (2.5GL), (ii) Cáceres containing 1.5% glycerol and 1.5% dimethylformamide (1.5%GL–1.5%DMFA), (iii) Cáceres extender supplemented with 1.5% glycerol and 2.5% dimethylformamide (1.5%GL–2.5%DMFA) and (iv) Cáceres extender supplemented with 4% dimethylformamide (4%DMFA). After at least 4 weeks of storage in liquid nitrogen (LN), straws were thawed and semen analysed by computer‐assisted sperm analysis and flow cytometry (membrane lipid architecture (Merocyanine 540), integrity and sublethal damage (YoPro‐1) and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1)). After thawing, better results were observed in samples frozen in 4%DMFA or in combinations of 1.5%GL–2.5%DMFA, in fact total motility increased by 16% in the 4%DMFA group compared to 2.5%GL (P < 0.05). Also, there was an increment in the percentage of progressive motile sperm in the 1.5%GL–2.5%DMFA group (9.8% 2.5GL vs 19% in the 1.5%GL–2.5%DMFA group p < 0.05); also, samples frozen in the 4%DMFA group had more intact (YoPro‐1 negative) sperm post‐thawing, 29.3% in 2.5%GL vs 36.7% in 4%DMFA group (p < 0.05). Membrane lipid architecture was not affected by any of the cryoprotectants tested, while samples frozen in 4%DFMA had a lower percentage of mitochondria with lower membrane potential. It is concluded that DMFA improves the outcome of cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa mainly reducing sublethal cryodamage.  相似文献   

Membrane Lipids of the Stallion Spermatozoon in Relation to Sperm Quality and Susceptibility to Lipid Peroxidation     

B Macías García  L González Fernández  C Ortega Ferrusola  C Salazar‐Sandoval  A Morillo Rodríguez  H Rodríguez Martinez  JA Tapia  D Morcuende  FJ Peña 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):141-148

Lipids were extracted from ejaculated spermatozoa from seven individual stallions to distinguish neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL) and determine their variation among stallions and their relationship with sperm quality and sperm susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. The isolated fatty acids were correlated with sperm quality (membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and expression of active caspases) and the sensitivity of the sperm plasma membrane to LPO. The miristic (C14: 0), palmitic (C16: 0), stearic (C18: 0) and oleic (C18: 1n9) acids were predominant among the NLs. Within the phospholipid fraction, the docosapentanoic acid (C22: 5n6) was dominant, albeit varying among stallions. Surprisingly, the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids was positively correlated with sperm quality and a low propensity for LPO, probably because these particular fatty acids provide a higher fluidity of the plasma membrane. The stallion showing the poorest sperm membrane integrity plus a high level of LPO in his ejaculate had a lower percentage (p < 0.05) of this fatty acid in his sperm plasma membranes.  相似文献