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排序方式: 共有141条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Yong Ho Park Sang Un Lee Witold A. Ferens Sparrow Samuels William C. Davis Lawrence K. Fox Jong Sam Ahn Keun Seok Seo Byoung Sun Chang Sun Young Hwang Gregory A. Bohach 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(3):233-239
We previously demonstrated that stimulation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC), led to an inversion of the CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratio and generation of an atypical CD8+ T cell subpopulation expressing CD26. In the present study, we examined T cell apoptosis and proliferation profiles of PBMC subpopulations in cultures stimulated with SEC. Unlike when stimulated with concanavalin A, nucleic acid synthesis in bovine PBMC cultures stimulated with SEC was low during the first four days but increased greatly on day 5. In contrast, nucleic acid synthesis in human PBMC cultures stimulated with SEC increased continuously. To investigate the mechanism of delayed bovine T cell proliferation, various cell phenotypes were monitored. The inversion of the bovine CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratio in PBMC cultures stimulated by SEC was associated with higher proliferation and lower apoptosis of CD8+ T cells compared to CD4+ T cells. The mRNA levels for interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 were sustained over 4 days but IL-12 mRNA levels dropped to background on day 2. These data suggest that SEC induces a prolonged Th-2-biased microenvironment, and together with the inversion of the bovine CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratios in bovine PBMC cultures with SEC, may in part explain the inability of the mammary immune system to establish an effective response to Staphylococcus aureus infections. 相似文献
102.
JW BROWNING GA MEIN† P. BRIGHTLING† TJ NICHOLLS† M. BARTON† 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(6):179-181
SUMMARY The effects of three selection strategies for dry cow therapy on prevention of new infections and rate of antibiotic usage were compared. Quarter infection status of 1044 cows in 12 herds was determined by bacteriological methods at drying off, calving and three to five months into the following lactation. Cows that were uninfected at drying off were randomly allocated to treatment (whole udder, dry cow therapy) and non-treatment groups. Infected cows were randomly allocated to whole udder or infected quarter only treatments. The strategies compared were blanket treatment (treat all quarters of all cows), selective cow treatment (treat all quarters of any cow infected in one or more quarters) and selective quarter treatment (treat infected quarters only). Selective cow treatment was identified as the preferred strategy. Blanket treatment resulted in increased antibiotic usage (15.5 vs 6.4 tubes per infection eliminated) with no additional benefit, and selective quarter treatment resulted in a higher new infection rate (6.4%vs 3.9% quarters) in the dry period. The prevalence of infection within a herd at drying off had no influence on new infection rates in the dry period or early lactation. The cure rate after dry cow treatment (mean of 66%) decreased significantly with increasing age (P < 0.001). Cows infected in the previous lactation contributed over 76% of infections at calving and nearly 70% at mid-lactation. To lower the incidence of mastitis in a herd, a greater emphasis on culling of older infected cows and prevention of new infections during lactation is needed. 相似文献
103.
TF. JUBB J. MALMO† P. BRIGHTLING GA. ANDERSON GM. DAVIS† 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(11):354-358
Details were recorded of 47 cases of coxo-femoral dislocation observed in cattle over 1 year. Treatment was successful in 20/47 (42.6%) cases using a method of closed reduction. Factors that most strongly influenced the prognosis were identified. The most useful single prognostic factor was whether the cow was able to stand before reduction. Other factors that also had a strong positive influence on the prognosis were: age less than 3y, bodyweight less than 400kg and duration of dislocation less than 12h. Nineteen unsuccessful cases were examined at the knackery. Four were found to have a fracture of the proximal femur. The coxo-femoral joint was carefully dissected in the other 15 cases and there was no evidence of hip dysplasia. A seasonal incidence of dislocations, which coincides with the calving and mating periods, was demonstrated during the survey and from practice records for the previous 3 years. 相似文献
104.
EM Parker LJ Edwards DF Mollenkopf GA Ballash TE Wittum AJ Parker 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(9):336-342
The availability of safe, commercially prepared stock feed for production animals is an important step in ensuring animal health and welfare and the safety of food animal products for human consumption. Animal feed quality assurance programs include microbiological monitoring of raw materials, mill equipment and finished feed. Over a period of 16 years, 23,963 samples for Salmonella culture and serotyping were collected from 22 stock feed mills. A multivariable generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to identify mill and sample type factors that increase the odds of detecting Salmonella. The odds of detecting a Salmonella positive sample was greatest in samples from raw materials and in mills that processed restricted animal material (RAM). The percentage of positive samples ranged from 7.2% in 2003 to 2.8% in 2017. Of the 1,069 positive samples, 976 were serotyped with 61 different Salmonella serotypes isolated. The serotype most frequently isolated from raw materials was S. Agona, (n = 108) whilst S. Anatum was the serotype most frequently isolated from equipment and finished feed (n = 156). The diversity of Salmonella serotypes differed between mills and different stages of the production line. Microbiological monitoring in the commercial preparation of animal feed in Australian stock feed mills guides the implementation of quality control measures and risk mitigation strategies thereby reducing the prevalence and diversity of potentially zoonotic bacteria such as Salmonella, enhancing food safety for both animal and consumer. 相似文献
105.
Martin Hughes Victor Mlambo Cicero HO Lallo Paul GA Jennings 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2016,33(4):253-264
This study evaluated whether the FieldScout CM 1000 NDVI and Yara N–Tester models can produce accurate and reliable estimates of nitrogen (N), buffer-soluble nitrogen (BSN), buffer-insoluble nitrogen (BISN), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and in vitro ruminal nitrogen degradability after 3, 12 and 24?h incubation (ND3, ND12 and ND24) in three tropical grasses: Brachiaria hybrid, Megathyrsus maximus and Paspalum atratum. Correlation between the Yara N-Tester and N, BISN and in vitro ruminal N degradability of the Brachiaria hybrid and M. maximus were high (r 0.67–0.83). The Yara N-Tester accounted for 81% and 86% (p 0.000) of N variability in the Brachiaria hybrid and M. maximus, respectively. The Yara N-Tester prediction models explained 72% and 70% (p 0.000) BISN variability in the Brachiaria hybrid and M. maximus, respectively. In vitro ND24 of the Brachiaria hybrid (R?2 0.75) and M. maximus (R?2 0.75) was also best predicted with the Yara N-Tester. Model validation showed generally low (≤0.90) concordance correlation coefficients except for Yara N-Tester N and ND24 in M. maximus. Random error was the main source of error. We conclude that the accuracy of the Yara N-Tester prediction models was superior to that of the FieldScout CM 1000 NDVI models, and that the Yara N-Tester can produce accurate and reliable estimates of Brachiaria hybrid and M. maximus N and M. maximus ND24. 相似文献
106.
Femoral stem fracture is reported as an uncommon late complication of cemented total hip replacement in two dogs. In each case surgical salvage was achieved by extirpation of the proximal unstable component of the femoral stem, resulting in acceptable limb function. To the authors' knowledge, intramedullary femoral stem failure has not been previously reported after cemented total hip replacement in the dog. Factors believed to have contributed to implant failure in these dogs are discussed and compared with the same complication in humans. 相似文献
107.
NJ Phillips G Fordyce B Burns P Williams D Mayer GA Bo MR McGowan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):e392-e397
The study tested the hypothesis that reduced intravaginal implant progesterone (P4) concentration to synchronise oestrus would increase pregnancy rates to fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Bos indicus heifers. Brahman heifers (n = 294; 2 year) were body condition scored (BCS), weighed and scanned for presence of a corpus luteum (CL). Only cyclic heifers were selected and allocated randomly within BCS and 25 kg bodyweight category to one of three P4 treatment groups. On day 10, heifers received a P4 implant (CueMate‐1‐pod, 0.78g P4; CueMate‐2‐pod, 1.56g P4; or CIDR‐B, 1.9g P4), 2 mg oestradiol benzoate (ODB) intramuscularly (IM) and 250 ug cloprostenol IM. At day 2, the implant was removed, 250 ug cloprostenol was injected IM and tail paint applied. The heifers received 1 mg ODB 24 h later and were FTAI 48–54 h after implant removal (day 0). Ten randomly selected heifers per group were blood sampled and scanned at days 10, 2, 0 and 6 to define the P4 profiles pre‐ and post‐FTAI. Heifers were heat‐detected 18–20 days post‐FTAI and oestrous heifers AI’d by the AM/PM rule. Bulls joined the heifers on day 27 post‐FTAI. Transrectal ultrasonography estimated conception date on day 72. Statistical analysis examined the effects of treatment, technician, semen, ovarian status, BCS and liveweight, on pregnancy rate (PR) to FTAI. There was no significant difference (p = 0.362) in PR between treatment groups (CueMate 1‐pod, 36.4%; CueMate 2‐pod, 39.6%: CIDR‐B, 28.3%), but PR was higher in those heifers with increased BCS between FTAI and pregnancy diagnosis (p = 0.005). Thirty‐three per cent of monitor heifers had plasma P4 concentrations of <1 ng/ml on day 6 after FTAI; only 20% of these conceived vs 60% of heifers with P4 ≥ 1 ng/ml. In summary, no significant difference in PR was identified between treatments but good BCS and a rising plane of nutrition were critical to PR of these pure grade Brahman heifers in northern Australia. 相似文献
108.
109.
110.
AIM: To investigate the adaptive characteristics of mitochondria in plateau pikas at different altitudes. METHODS: According to the altitudes of the capture area, plateau pikas were divided into 4 300 m group (Mado Star Sea, n=6) and 2 900 m group (Laoji Mountain South, n=6). The red blood cells and hemoglobin of the animals in 2 groups were measured. The levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver and skeletal muscle, and mitochondrial H2O2 production level in the skeletal muscle were determined by high-resolution mitochondrial respirometer. RESULTS: The hemoglobin of the plateau pika in 4 300 m group was significantly lower than those in 2 900 m group. The liver state 4 respiration rate of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (CI-LEAK), mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I state 3 respiration rate (CI-OXPHOS) and respiratory chain complex I+Ⅱ state 3 respiration rate(CI+Ⅱ-OXPHOS), electron transfer capacity of respiratory chain complex I+Ⅱ (CI+Ⅱ-ETS), the electron transport capacity of the respiratory chain complex Ⅱ (CⅡ-ETS) in 2 900 m group were increased, and the coupling efficiency was decreased compared with 4 300 m group (P<0.05). The skeletal muscle CI-LEAK,CI+Ⅱ-OXPHOS and CI+Ⅱ-ETS were higher than those in 4 300 m group. Mitochondrial state 4 respiration rate with palmitic acid carnitine and malate as substrates (FAO-LEAK) of liver and skeletal muscle in 2 900 m group were increased compared with 4 300 m group. The skeletal muscle with palmitic acid carnitine as a substrate for fatty acid metabolism state 3 respiratory rate (FAO-OXPHOS) was increased in 2 900 m group compared with 4 300 m group. The H2O2/O2 flow ratio (ΔH2O2) in 2 900 m group was lower in state 4 respiration rate of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (LEAK), state 3 of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (OXPHOS), state 3 of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I+Ⅱ (OXPHOS*) and electron transfer capacity of respiratory chain complex I+Ⅱ (ETS) than 4 300 m group. CONCLUSION: Plateau pikas with different altitudes have different mitochondrial adaptation characteristics. 相似文献