RESEARCH PAPER: Comparison between two methods for cardiac output measurement in propofol‐anesthetized dogs: thermodilution and Doppler     

Patricia Cristina Ferro Lopes  Marlos Gonçalves Sousa  Aparecido Antonio Camacho  Roberta Carareto  Celina TD Nishimori  Paulo SP Santos  Newton Nunes 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2010,37(5):401-408

ObjectiveTo compare cardiac output (CO) measured by Doppler echocardiography and thermodilution techniques in spontaneously breathing dogs during continuous infusion of propofol. To do so, CO was obtained using the thermodilution method (CO_TD) and Doppler evaluation of pulmonary flow (CO_DP) and aortic flow (CO_DA).Study designProspective cohort study.AnimalsEight adult dogs weighing 8.3 ± 2.0 kg.MethodsPropofol was used for induction (7.5 ± 1.9 mg kg^?1 IV) followed by a continuous rate infusion at 0.7 mg kg^?1 minute^?1. The animals were positioned in left lateral recumbency on an echocardiography table that allowed for positioning of the transducer at the 3rd and 5th intercostal spaces of the left hemithorax for Doppler evaluation of pulmonary and aortic valves, respectively. CO_DP and CO_DA were calculated from pulmonary and aortic velocity spectra, respectively. A pulmonary artery catheter was inserted via the jugular vein and positioned inside the lumen of the pulmonary artery in order to evaluate CO_TD. The first measurement of CO_TD, CO_DP and CO_DA was performed 30 minutes after beginning continuous infusion (T0) and then at 15‐minute intervals (T15, T30, T45 and T60). Numeric data were submitted to two‐way anova for repeated measurements, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Bland &; Altman analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SD.ResultsAt T0, CO_TD was lower than CO_DA. CO_DA was higher than CO_TD and CO_DP at T30, T45 and T60. The difference between the CO_TD and CO_DP, when all data were included, was ?0.04 ± 0.22 L minute^?1 and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was 0.86. The difference between the CO_TD and CO_DA was ?0.87 ± 0.54 L minute^?1 and r = 0.69. For CO_TD and CO_DP, the difference was ?0.82 ± 0.59 L minute^?1 and r = 0.61.ConclusionDoppler evaluation of pulmonary flow was a clinically acceptable method for assessing the CO in propofol‐anesthetized dogs.  相似文献   

Where do we go from here? Dispersal simulations shed light on the role of landscape structure in determining animal redistribution after reintroduction     

V. La Morgia  Elisa Malenotti  Guido Badino  Francesca Bona 《Landscape Ecology》2011,26(7):969-981

Reintroduction projects represent viable options for animal conservation. They allow the establishment of new local populations and may contribute to recreating functional networks within a metapopulation. In the latter case, landscape connectivity may be a major determinant of the phase of spread of the reintroduced populations. Here, we deal with an example of a red deer (Cervus elaphus) translocation planned to enable the connection among existing isolated populations of the species in the Italian Alps. Our aim was to assess whether the analysis of landscape suitability and the simulation of dispersal of released individuals could shed light on the actual process of population spread. For these purposes, we adopted a modelling approach using radiotracking data to develop a habitat suitability map. On the basis of this map, we simulated the dispersal of the animals after release and we then compared the simulation results with the outcome of null models and with the observed population redistribution. The results suggest that the spread of the subpopulation was easier north-westward than southward. Taking into account landscape suitability, our simulations produced a reliable estimate of the ease of colonization of the valleys neighbouring the release-site and they allowed the identification and validation of a potential pathway for animal dispersal. The suitability model based on the monitoring of individuals in the earliest phase of establishment shed light on the spread of the population and on its potential connections with other deer subpopulations.  相似文献   

The effects of different inspired oxygen fractions on gas exchange and Tei‐index of myocardial performance in propofol‐anesthetized dogs     

Patrícia C Ferro Lopes  Newton Nunes  Marlos G Sousa  Celina TD Nishimori  Roberta Carareto  Paulo Sérgio P dos Santos  Aparecido A Camacho 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(6):573-583

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Liposome-encapsulated oxymorphone prevents hyperalgesia for 7 days in a rat model of neuropathic pain     

LJ  Smith  L Krugner-Higby  M Clark  A Wendland  TD Heath 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):115-116

A delayed‐release formulation of liposome‐encapsulated oxymorphone (LEO) was produced using a novel dehydration–rehydration technique. Preparations were standardized spectrophotometrically against a known concentration of the drug. The purpose of this study was to test the analgesic properties of LEO in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into control (non‐neuropathic) and test (neuropathic) groups. Control and test groups were administered one SC injection of (i) vehicle liposomes (negative control treatment); (ii) liposome‐encapsulated morphine, 2.8 mg kg^?1 (positive control treatment); or (iii) LEO, 1.2 mg kg^?1. All treatments were administered after baseline thermal withdrawal latencies (TWL) were determined (9.2 ± 0.39 seconds (mean ± SEM)). Test groups then underwent sciatic ligation to induce neuropathic pain. TWL were determined in all six groups (n = 8) daily for 1 week. In a separate group of age‐matched rats, blood (0.3 mL from the jugular vein) and urine (1–2 mL via metabolism cages) were collected daily for 7 days after administration of LEO (1.2 mg kg^?1). TWL did not change in the control rats given liposome‐encapsulated sucrose or morphine. There was a small increase (p = 0.04) in TWL in control rats given LEO, likely as a result of the relatively higher dose of oxymorphone compared with morphine based on receptor affinity. TWL in test rats given blank liposomes decreased significantly (p < 0.001) by day 4 (7.1 ± 0.5 seconds), with a maximal decrease by day 7 (5.1 ± 0.36 seconds), indicating development of full hyperalgesia. In contrast, rats given liposome‐encapsulated morphine or oxymorphone had no change in TWL at day 4, indicating that these preparations prevented hyperalgesia after a single injection. This treatment effect persisted through day 7. Serum concentrations of oxymorphone after a single injection of LEO peaked at 4 hours (6.8 ± 0.82 ng mL^?1) and were detectable through day 4 (0.98 ± 0.003 ng mL^?1), while urine concentrations of drug were detectable through day 7. This result suggests that oxymorphone metabolites might have been responsible for the protracted analgesic response. The encapsulation efficiency of oxymorphone using this novel technique was approximately 96%. In conclusion, liposome encapsulation of oxymorphone proved to be an efficient mechanism to provide a delayed‐release formulation of this opioid. This single dose of subcutaneously administered liposome‐encapsulated oxymorphone was effective in preventing hyperalgesia for 7 days in this animal model of neuropathic pain.  相似文献   

Simulation Analysis of Variation among Seasons in Winter Wheat Yields in Northern Italy     

T. R. SINCLAIR  G. Mosca  S. Bona 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,170(3):202-207

Winter wheat growth and yield was observed in two sets of field experiments performed at the Experimental Farm of Padova University in Legnaro, over seven years beginning in 1981. A spring wheat model in which leaf area development was calculated as a function of temperature and biomass accumulation was utilized. The final number of leaves in each season was calculated based on a previous winter wheat model and the biomass accumulation was decreased when average daily temperature was below 10 °C. In addition to the two modifications described above, the soil/crop nitrogen submodels were modified so that denitrification was a function of temperature and plant nitrogen uptake rate was sensitive to variations in daily temperature. Nitrogen leached below 60 cm was assumed to be no longer available to the winter wheat crop. The winter wheat model with the soil/crop nitrogen budged resulted in good agreement between the simulated and observed yields (less than 14 % difference existed in 12 of 14 environments). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.74) existed between the simulated yields and the simulated amount of nitrogen leached out of the root zone. Under the conditions of nothern Italy, retention of root zone nitrogen appears to be particularly important in achieving high winter wheat yields.  相似文献   

Reciprocal performance of winter wheat in Hungary and Oklahoma, USA     

B. F. Carver  L. Bona 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(2):113-118

International wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) performance trials have revealed adaptive responses in vernalization and photoperiod for certain Eastern European cultivars when field-tested in Oklahoma in south central USA. Common experiments were conducted in Hungary and Oklahoma with 12 elite germplasm varieties or lines from each locale to uniformly and directly compare the agronomic potential of hard red winter (HRW) North American wheat and Hungarian bread wheat and to identify potential benefits or hazards for introducing germplasm into reciprocal breeding programmes. Results from four Oklahoma and six Hungarian environments showed that non-native cultivars were 14% and 25% lower in grain yield than native ones in Hungary and Oklahoma, respectively, although one HRW cultivar (2163) exhibited exceptional yield potential in both locations. The lower grain yield potential of Hungarian genotypes in Oklahoma was reflected primarily in lower spike production at harvest. Yield performance in one location did not correlate with performance in the other. Greater consistency between locales was found for test weight (r = 0.6, P < 0.05) and heading date (r = 0.9, P < 0.01); thus, screening for those traits prior to introduction of parent material may be useful. Although some recovery of the genetic yield potential of native material will be necessary, intergroup crossing between these apparently distinct gene pools should provide a new and valuable resource for bread wheat cultivar development.  相似文献   

Pulmonary function and metabolic physiology of theropod dinosaurs     

JA Ruben  Dal Sasso C  NR Geist  WJ Hillenius  TD Jones  M Signore 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5401):514-516

Ultraviolet light analysis of a fossil of the theropod dinosaur Scipionyx samniticus revealed that the liver subdivided the visceral cavity into distinct anterior pleuropericardial and posterior abdominal regions. In addition, Scipionyx apparently had diaphragmatic musculature and a dorsally attached posterior colon. These features provide evidence that diaphragm-assisted lung ventilation was present in theropods and that these dinosaurs may have used a pattern of exercise physiology unlike that in any group of living tetrapods.  相似文献   

Behaviour of the Root Nodules in Soybean in the Presence of Nitrogen: The Use of a Statistical Simulation Model     

S. Bona    A. Maculan  G. Mosca 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,167(4):254-258

Two varieties of soybean were grown in large pots out of doors. At the R2 stage, a state of temporary root anoxia appeared caused by a heavy rainfall and in R3, nitrogen was applied. The nitrogenase activity of the nodules was measured at weekly intervals (ARA test).
During the vegetative stage, the number of nodules and their weight increased rapidly, although the anoxia caused a slowing down followed by a recovery in the successive stages (R3–5). The same effect was apparent in consequence of a late nitrogen fertilization; both varieties attaining values close to those of the control 15 days after the treatment. Nitrogenase activity also showed an inhibition caused by the anoxia but it appeared earlier. During the latest stages of the cycle (R6–7), the nitrogen treatment increased the rate of nitrogen fixation in Hodgson 78 only. The use of a multiple regression model allowed a verification that the parameters controlling nitrogen fixation acted in a similar way in both varieties. In the field, the weight of the nodules, both single and total, appeared to be particularly important in determining the total nitrogen fixation rate.  相似文献   

Bluetongue research in Australia—1993     

GI ALEXANDER  TD ST  GEORGE GP GARD 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(6):182-183

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Immunolocalization of angiogenic growth factors in the ovine uterus during the oestrus cycle and in response to Steroids          下载免费PDF全文

TD Tremaine  AA Fouladi‐Nashta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):667-679

The vascular changes associated with endometrial maturation in preparation for embryo implantation depend on numerous growth factors, known to regulate key angiogenic events. Primarily, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family promotes vascular growth, whilst the angiopoietins maintain blood vessel integrity. The aim was to analyse protein levels of VEGFA ligand and receptors, Angiopoietin‐1 and 2 (ANG1/2) and endothelial cell receptor tyrosine kinase (TIE‐2) in the ovine endometrium in the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrus cycle and in response to ovarian steroids. VEGFA and its receptors were localized in both vascular cells and non‐vascular epithelium (glandular and luminal epithelium) and stroma cells. VEGFA and VEGFR2 proteins were elevated in vascular cells in follicular phase endometrium, compared to luteal phase, most significantly in response to oestradiol. VEGFR1 was expressed by epithelial cells and endothelial cells and was stimulated in response to oestradiol. In contrast, Ang‐1 and Ang‐2 proteins were elevated in luteal phase endometrium compared to follicular phase, and in response to progesterone, evident in vascular smooth muscle cells and glands which surround TIE‐2‐expressing blood vessels. Our findings indicate that VEGFA is stimulated by oestradiol, most predominantly in follicular phase endometrium, and Ang‐1 and 2 are stimulated by progesterone and were increased during the luteal phase of the oestrus cycle, during the time of vascular maturation.  相似文献