Heavy Metal Content of Arable Soils in Northern Belgium     

De Temmerman  L.  Vanongeval  L.  Boon  W.  Hoenig  M.  Geypens  M. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,148(1-4):61-76

More than 600 arable soils from Flanders (Northern-Belgium) were analysed for their total acid extractable contents of As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in order to determine any increase in the natural background values. Samples were taken at random in several municipalities throughout Flanders. Areas with known historical or actual sources of trace element emissions were omitted although in some cases the distance between those sources and the sampling locations was not more than 20 km. The main soil types were, ranging from north to south: sand, loamy sand, light sandy-loam, sandy-loam and loam. In the coastal area, clay soils (sea polders) were sampled. In addition to the analysis of trace elements, the soil texture class, the pH and the carbon content were determined. Macro- or mesonutrients, Ca, K, P, Mg and Na, were determined from a weak acid extract of the soil samples. Correlations between trace elements and macronutrients provide some information about fertilisation practices and heavy metal sources.A limited number of soils showed slightly enhanced levels for As, Be, Cu, Co, Cr Mn, Ni Pb and Zn. In most cases, this could be linked to the regional industrial activities. However, a clear increase for Cu and Zn, above the natural background could be distinguished in areas with low atmospheric heavy metal deposits. In these cases, the excessive use of animal manure in the past may be the reason for this enrichment. However there was no indication that the Cd content of the soil was raised by the use of large amounts of pig slurry and/or by other common agricultural activities.  相似文献   

Channelling scientific information for the conservation and management of rivers     

P. J. Boon 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1992,2(1):115-123

1. This paper discusses the characteristics of scientific information used in river conservation and management. 2. Information should be appropriately focussed, achieving a balance between the ideal and the achievable, recognizing the functioning of river basins and not merely river channels. 3. Technical data need to be presented in a way that is readily understood by decision-makers — simply, but not simplistically. This is discussed using examples such as river corridor mapping and the application of numerical indices of water quality and conservation value. 4. Ideally, river management policy and practice requires a scientific input that is both unequivocal and authoritative. Frequently, however, disagreement over its interpretation delays information transfer. 5. The results of applied studies in freshwater science are not always as accessible as they should be to river managers. Once acquired there must be a genuine willingness by planners to incorporate the results of ecological research into project design, a process often hindered by complex bureaucratic structures. It is thus argued that operational flexibility in river management schemes is desirable, and post-project appraisal essential.  相似文献   

Dietary astaxanthin enhances immune response in dogs     

Chew BP  Mathison BD  Hayek MG  Massimino S  Reinhart GA  Park JS 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,140(3-4):199-206

No information is available on the possible role of astaxanthin on immune response in domestic canine. Female Beagle dogs (9-10 mo old; 8.2 ± 0.2 kg body weight) were fed 0, 10, 20 or 40 mg astaxanthin daily and blood sampled on wk 0, 6, 12, and 16 for assessing the following: lymphoproliferation, leukocyte subpopulations, natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, and concentrations of blood astaxanthin, IgG, IgM and acute phase proteins. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was assessed on wk 0, 12 and 16. Plasma astaxanthin increased dose-dependently and reached maximum concentrations on wk 6. Dietary astaxanthin enhanced DTH response to vaccine, concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation (with the 20mg dose at wk 12) and NK cell cytotoxic activity. In addition, dietary astaxanthin increased concentrations of IgG and IgM, and B cell population. Plasma concentrations of C reactive protein were lower in astaxanthin-fed dogs. Therefore, dietary astaxanthin heightened cell-mediated and humoral immune response and reduced DNA damage and inflammation in dogs.  相似文献   

Functional electrical stimulation of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve using a vagus nerve stimulator in a normal horse     

Katleen Vanschandevijl  Heidi Nollet  Kristl Vonck  Rorecht Raedt  Paul Boon  DirkVan Roost  Ann Martens  Piet Deprez 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,189(3):346-348

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of implanting an existing vagus nerve stimulating (VNS) electrode around the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The stimulus response characteristics required to achieve abduction of the ipsilateral arytenoid by the VNS electrode in the normal horse could then be determined. The electrode was wound around the left recurrent laryngeal nerve at the cervical level and connected to a pulse generator. Stimulus response characteristics were obtained by measuring stimulated arytenoid displacement endoscopically in the standing, non-sedated horse. A full and sustained abduction of the arytenoid was obtained with a stimulation frequency of 25 Hz and intensity of 1 mA with a pulse width of 250 μs.  相似文献   

Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs: Survival and Prognostic Indicators   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eric Monnet  E. Christopher Orton  Mo Salman  June Boon 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1995,9(1):12-17

To further define the prognosis and identify clinical findings predictive for survival in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we performed Kaplan Meier survival analysis of 37 dogs with idiopathic DCM. Survival analysis showed that the 50% probability of survival occurred at 2.3 months. Probability of survival at 1 year was 37.5% and at 2 years was 28%. Bivariate Cox proportional hazard ratios identified pleural effusion and pulmonary edema, both signs of congestive heart failure, as independent prognostic indicators for dogs with DCM ( P < .01). Hazard ratios for these prognostic indicators were 2.354 and 3.291, respectively. Multivariate Cox stepwise regression identified pleural effusion, left ventricular free-wall thickening fraction, ventricular ectopy, and weight loss as significant prognostic indicators for dogs with DCM. Because of the retrospective nature of this study, the effects of different drug treatments were not evaluated. The type of cardiac-related death, progressive failure versus sudden death, was not addressed in this study and requires further evaluation.  相似文献   

A sero-epidemiological survey of infections with the bovine respiratory syncytial virus in first-season grazing calves     

H W Ploeger  J H Boon  C H Klaassen  G van Florent 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1986,33(4):311-318

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Physiological effects of experimental verminous bronchitis in Friesian calves.          下载免费PDF全文

P Lekeux  R Hajer  J H Boon  M W Verstegen    H J Breukink 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1985,49(2):205-207

Pulmonary function values were measured in five Friesian calves of five months of age during the patent phase of an experimental moderate lungworm infection and were compared with the pulmonary function values recorded in four control animals. All the nine calves were free of any previous challenge with Dictyocaulus viviparus and were submitted to the same standardized conditions of body conformation, housing, feeding and procedures for pulmonary function testing. A significant increase of respiratory rate, minute ventilation, total pulmonary resistance and power of breathing and a significant decrease of tidal volume, dynamic lung compliance and PaO2 were observed in the infested animals. The absolute intrapleural pressure values were also significantly more negative. The conclusions of the statistical analysis were almost identical when predicted instead of measured pulmonary function values were used in the control group. The clinical, functional and pathological findings in the infested animals were all consistent with the picture of a lower airway obstructive disease.  相似文献   

Echocardiography for the diagnosis of congenital heart defects in the dog     

W E Wingfield  J A Boon 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1987,17(3):735-753

Echocardiography utilizing M-mode and real-time techniques is a safe, noninvasive diagnostic technique for use in veterinary cardiology. It provides a means to assess structural sizes and relationships and can be used to provide quantitative data for diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Although its availability is largely limited to veterinary colleges and specialty hospitals, the practicing veterinarian should know of its advantages and disadvantages. He or she is also encouraged to consider the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of heart disease in all species of veterinary patients.  相似文献   

M-mode echocardiographs of endurance horses in the recovery phase of long-distance competition   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J J Bertone  K S Paull  W E Wingfield  J A Boon 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(12):1708-1712

M-mode echocardiographic structures, and cardiac function indices, PCV, and total plasma protein values were determined for 34 endurance equine athletes before (base line) and after (after race) a 161-km endurance competition and were compared. The PCV (base-line mean, 37%; after-race mean, 46%) and total plasma protein value (base-line mean, 6.9 g/dl; after-race mean, 7.5 g/dl) increased. Compared with base-line echocardiography, after-race echocardiography indicated an increase in heart rate, as determined from the simultaneous ECG recorded on the echocardiograph (base-line mean, 41 beats/min; after-race mean, 54 beats/min), and an increase in interventricular septal diastolic thickness (base-line mean, 28 mm; after-race mean, 33 mm). The septal thickening fraction (base-line mean, 59%; after-race mean, 38%), the left atrioventricular valve E to F slope (base-line mean, 224 mm/s; after-race mean, 175 mm/s), the left ventricular diastolic dimension (base-line mean, 99 mm; after-race mean, 86 mm), the fractional shortening of the left ventricle (base-line mean, 41%; after-race mean, 37%), the aortic root dimension (base-line mean, 63 mm; after-race mean, 58 mm), the caudal aortic wall excursion (base-line mean, 19 mm; after-race mean, 11 mm) and the left atrial diastolic dimension (base-line mean, 46 mm; after-race mean, 39 mm), decreased significantly (P less than 0.05). In base-line echocardiographs, late diastolic left atrioventricular valve motion was evident in 9 horses. The aberrant left atrioventricular valve motion was not evident in after-race echocardiographs. Seemingly, central vascular volume decreased in these horses during the recovery phase of severe strenuous endurance competition.  相似文献   

Heterotopic implantation of a porcine bioprosthetic heart valve in a dog with aortic valve endocarditis     

Arai S  Wright BD  Miyake Y  Boon JA  Orton EC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(5):727-730

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 5-year-old male German Shepherd Dog was evaluated because of a 5-month history of progressive lethargy, weight loss, and heart failure. CLINICAL FINDINGS: On physical examination, bounding femoral pulses and systolic and diastolic murmurs were detected. Echocardiography revealed severe aortic valve insufficiency (AVI) and a large vegetative lesion on the aortic valve consistent with aortic valve endocarditis. The AVI velocity profile half-time was 130 milliseconds; the calculated peak systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve was 64 mm Hg. Left ventricular diameter during diastole was 63.6 mm (predicted range, 40.2 to 42 mm) and during systole was 42.9 mm (predicted range, 25.4 to 27 mm). Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were 120, 43, and 65 mm Hg, respectively. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: To palliate severe AVI, the descending aorta was occluded (duration, 16.75 minutes) and heterotopic implantation of a porcine bioprosthetic heart valve in that vessel was performed. After surgery, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were 115, 30, and 61 mm Hg, respectively, in the forelimb and 110, 62, and 77 mm Hg, respectively, in the hind limb. Within 6 months, the AVI velocity profile half-time had increased to 210 milliseconds, indicating diminished severity of AVI. After 24 months, the dog was able to engage in vigorous exercise; no pulmonary edema had developed since surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Heterotopic bioprosthetic heart valve implantation into the descending aorta during brief aortic occlusion appears feasible in dogs and may provide substantial palliation for dogs with severe AVI.  相似文献