Developmental alterations in the regulation of glucagon and insulin secretion in Holstein calves     

S W Owens  J L Sartin  R J Kemppainen  K A Cummins  F F Bartol  M A Bowman 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(2):263-269

Twenty-one Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned at birth to 3 groups. Two groups (each of 7 calves) were raised as follows: fed a milk diet alone or fed milk with grain supplementation after 2 weeks of age; studies were done when calves reached 4 weeks of age. The 3rd group was fed on milk with grain supplementation until weaning after which the calves were maintained on grain and pasture. These calves (older calves) were studied at 12 weeks of age. Either propionate (0.28 mmol/kg) or glucose (0.56 mmol/kg) was injected IV in a random order. Samples of blood were obtained from the calves before and immediately after injections were done and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after secretagogue injection. Plasma was examined for glucose by a glucose oxidase procedure and for immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) by radioimmunoassay. The IRI response to the injection of glucose was greater in older calves (P less than 0.02). Patterns of IRI secretion, as determined by heterogeneity of regression, showed age differences for both secretagogues (P less than 0.05). Base-line IRG was greater in milk/grain-fed calves than in milk-fed calves (P less than 0.05). Mean IRG response to propionate injection was higher (P less than 0.05) in milk/grain-fed calves than in milk-fed calves. Plasma glucose concentration increased in older calves, but decreased in milk-fed calves after propionate injection. The data indicate that maturation in the ruminant is accompanied by altered regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Serratia liquefaciens mastitis in a dairy herd     

G L Bowman  W D Hueston  G J Boner  J J Hurley  J E Andreas 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,189(8):913-915

Serratia liquefaciens mastitis was detected and investigated in a 41-cow Holstein herd. Twenty cows were treated for mastitis over a 3-month period. Serratia liquefaciens was isolated from milk samples obtained from 8 of 12 cows tested during the epizootic. Results of an epidemiologic investigation suggested that extensive frostbite of the teats decreased the udder defense. Poor milking technique and hygiene were responsible for increased exposure of the damaged teats to potential udder pathogens. Treatment of each cow resulted in initial clinical improvement, but exacerbations occurred in 75% of the cows with documented S liquefaciens infections.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Soil pH-Percent Base Saturation Relationships for Use in Estimating the Lime Requirements of Earthen Aquaculture Ponds     

James R.  Bowman James E.  Lannan 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1995,26(2):172-182

The pH-percent base saturation relationships of selected subsurface soil horizons were evaluated by fitting theoretical and empirical models to published soils data. The selected models were validated by fitting them to an independent set of data. The selected models did not fit the second set of data as well as the original data, but they provide initial approximations for use in cases when real values can't be measured. Possible reasons for the poorer fit to the second data set are discussed. One possibility for increasing the range of soils to which suitable pH-percent base saturation models can be fit is to refine the soil classification system being used. Valid pH-percent base saturation models can be combined with on-site soil pH measurements and typical cation exchange capacity values to estimate aquaculture pond lime requirements on a broad range of soil types in the field i.e., without reliance on laboratory analyses.  相似文献   

Economic impact of an epizootic of pseudorabies in a commercial swine herd in Ohio, achieving test negative status and quarantine release by use of vaccination and test and removal.     

S Bech-Nielsen  G Y Miller  G L Bowman  S J Dodaro  K A Orloski-Snider 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(12):1817-1823

The effect of pseudorabies in a commercial farrow-to-finish operation on selected production and economic values was estimated. Pseudorabies was first diagnosed in this herd by circle testing done in March 1988, as a required part of follow up from another herd that had been diagnosed with pseudorabies in the area. A pseudorabies virus vaccination program was initiated in the herd at that time. The mean litter size of pigs born alive varied from 9.26 to 10.02 pigs/litter throughout the study period; however, there was a twofold increase in suckling pig mortality and a 2.6-fold increase in nursery pig mortality when the months of the epizootic were compared with pre-epizootic months. In the 6-month period following the epizootic, suckling pig mortality was three-fold higher than that reported in the preepizootic months. Total net loss for this operation was estimated at $99,700 from when the epizootic started until eradication, when calculating losses directly. The major economic losses (76.5% of total loss) were related to suckling pig mortality, which was $16,240 during the epizootic or $24/inventoried sow/week; $19,395 in the 6 months following the epizootic or $3.8/inventoried sow/week; and $40,628 thereafter until eradication 26 months later or $0.37/inventoried sow/week. Nursery pig mortality losses were 12.6% of total net losses; $754 during the epizootic, $357 in the 6 months after the enzootic, and $11,444 thereafter until eradication 26 months later. Sow culling and deaths accounted for 9.4% of net losses that took place from 6 months after the epizootic until eradication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Development of surgical techniques for preparation of in vitro-isolated perfused porcine skin flaps for percutaneous absorption studies     

K F Bowman  N A Monteiro-Riviere  J E Riviere 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(1):75-82

We developed a single-pedicle, axial pattern tubed skin flap that could be transferred to an in vitro perfusion apparatus. On the basis of results of prosections, angiography, contact radiography, and surviving-length studies, it was concluded that a single-pedicle, axial pattern skin flap measuring 4 cm x 12 cm incorporating the caudal superficial epigastric artery would survive to its entire length. Subsequently, a surgical (stage 1) procedure was developed for the routine preparation of single-pedicle, axial pattern tubed skin flaps. Healing after the stage-1 procedure was evaluated by visual inspection and fluorescein angiography. Stage-1 procedures were performed successfully 149 of 160 (93%) times. A second surgical (stage 2) procedure was developed for routine cannulation of the caudal superficial epigastric artery and harvest of the tubed skin flap. Stage-2 procedures were performed successfully 136 of 144 (94%) times.  相似文献   

THE PLACE OF VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA IN "THE FUTURE ROLE AND EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF THE VETERINARY PROFESSION" AND RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING FRAMEWORK OF EMPLOYMENT OR POSTGRADUATE TRAINING IN VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA     

B. Mitchell  DD. Lawson 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1972,3(1):80-83

I would say that the ultimate position holders of the D.V.A. find themselves in, is very largely dependent on the course of events over the next few years and in no small measure to their own endeavours. I feel that the holders of the D.V.A. should view this training period as one in which they have enlarged their own over all appreciation of the subject they have studied and have therefore, gained for themselves a material advantage over other members of the profession who have not in fact followed this line of study and that although there is a certain amount of despondency in the ranks of the veterinary anaesthetists at the moment, this should not be allowed to become an obstacle in the progressive development of this group.  相似文献   

Fuchsia Damaged by the Flea Beetle Haltica lythri Aubé.   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

P. W. Bartlett  C. E. Bowman 《Plant pathology》1978,27(3):148-148

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Costs associated with selected preventive practices and with episodes of clinical mastitis in nine herds with low somatic cell counts     

K H Hoblet  G D Schnitkey  D Arbaugh  J S Hogan  K L Smith  P S Schoenberger  D A Todhunter  W D Hueston  D E Pritchard  G L Bowman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,199(2):190-196

Nine dairy herds (mean size, 149 cows) with bulk-tank milk somatic cell counts of less than 300,000 cells/ml and greater than 80% of cows with Dairy Herd Improvement Association linear somatic cell counts less than or equal to 4 were selected for study. Each herd was monitored for 12 consecutive months. Duplicate quarter-milk specimens were collected from each cow for bacteriologic culturing at beginning of lactation, cessation of lactation, and at the time of each clinical episode of mastitis. Streptococcus agalactiae was never isolated and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from less than 1% of all quarters. There were 554 episodes of clinical mastitis. During the year of study, the incidence rate of clinical mastitis varied from 15.6 to 63.7% of cows among the 9 herds. Mean costs per cow per year in herd for mastitis prevention were: $10 for paper towels, $3 for nonlactating cow treatment, and $10 for teat disinfectants. Mean cost associated with clinical mastitis was $107/episode. Approximately 84% ($90) of the costs attributed to a clinical episode were associated with decreased milk production and nonsalable milk. Costs of medication and professional veterinary fees per clinical episode varied significantly among the 9 herds. Three of the herds did not have a veterinarian treat a clinical episode of mastitis during the year of study even though 2 of these herds had the first and third highest incidence rates of clinical mastitis. When calculated on a per cow in herd basis, mean costs of $40/cow/year were attributed to clinical mastitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Compression bone plating of a medial condylar fracture of the third metatarsal bone in a Thoroughbred filly     

K F Bowman  C L Sweeney  L P Tate 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,190(3):305-307

A medial condylar fracture of the third metatarsal bone in a 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly was repaired successfully by use of compression bone plating. At discharge from the hospital, thickening of the metatarsus was evident, and proliferative changes were associated with the site of bone plate application. It was expected that these changes would limit the filly's use as a racehorse, and a return to training was not recommended. Especially in horses that may return to racing, use of compression bone plating initially should not replace stall rest or lag screw fixation treatment of this type of injury. However, the use of a similar approach in selected cases of medial condylar fracture of the third metatarsal bone is encouraged, especially when additional fissure lines are evident on radiographs.  相似文献   

Genetic control populations: A study of efficiency of six poultry control strains     

J. C. Bowman  J. C. Powell 《British poultry science》1971,12(4):511-528

The aim of the experiment was to examine the efficiency of pedigreed random‐bred control populations. It was argued that it was difficult to achieve this aim by the study of the parameters of a single control population, but that a comparison of the contemporaneous performance of two or more control strains over several generations would be more appropriate.

Six pedigreed randombred control populations with a planned size of 50 males and 150 females and derived from different base populations representing strains involved in a commercial poultry breeding programme were recorded for eight generations. Some difficulty was experienced in maintaining the populations to the size planned, particularly the Wyandotte strain, and this was associated with low semen production from males and low egg production from females rather than from poor fertility or hatchability. Analysis of data on sexual maturity, 25‐week body weight and 300 days’ egg production indicated no obvious regular changes in mean or variance except for sexual maturity for which the within strain variance increased markedly. The differences between strain means stayed relatively constant and there were few changes of rank order. The intra class correlation, corrected for changes in variance, for strains between years was 0–92, 1.00 and 0.96 for sexual maturity, body weight and egg production respectively.

Heritability estimates on four of the base populations indicated large differences between strains but also that additive genetic variation for some traits in some strains was approximately zero. For such traits and strains, genetic drift cannot occur which is a most desirable feature of a genetic control population. Some data were available on crosses of the control strains, which had been recorded for egg production and laying house mortality on many farms in each of eight years. There were no regular changes between years in mean egg production but mortality  相似文献