Regulation of plasma oestrogen by dietary fats in the laying hen: Relationships with egg weight     

C. C. Whitehead  A. S. Bowman  H. D. Griffin 《British poultry science》1993,34(5):999-1010

1. Feeding a diet supplemented with maize oil was found to elevate plasma oestradiol concentration in laying hens.

2. In a larger‐scale experiment, isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing 10, 20, 40 or 60 g/kg supplemental maize oil, tallow, coconut oil or fish oil were fed for 5 weeks.

3. Egg weights showed very different responses to the different fats. The responses could be described by quadratic functions that all gave optimum responses with supplemental dietary fat concentrations of about 40 g/kg. Egg weight increased the most with maize oil and was decreased with fish oil at the highest inclusion rate.

4. Measurements of egg components showed a relatively larger increase in albumen weights with maize oil than with other fats.

5. Across treatments, mean plasma oestradiol concentrations were very highly correlated (r = 0.96) with the changes in egg weights over the experimental period.

6. It is concluded that oestrogen is important in controlling egg weight and that the effect of dietary fats in influencing egg weight is mediated by an effect of the fats on oestrogen metabolism.  相似文献   

Diptacus swensoni Keifer (Acari: Rhyncaphytoptidae) Infesting Holly in England.     

C E. Bowman  P. W. Bartlett 《Plant pathology》1978,27(4):202-202

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Effect of intake level and alfalfa substitution for grass hay on ruminal kinetics of fiber digestion and particle passage in beef cattle     

Bhatti SA  Bowman JG  Firkins JL  Grove AV  Hunt CW 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(1):134-145

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate digestion kinetics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) substitution for grass hay in beef cattle. In Exp. 1, forage combinations evaluated in situ consisted of 0% alfalfa-100% big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman), 25% alfalfa-75% big bluestem, 50% alfalfa-50% big bluestem, and 100% alfalfa-0% big bluestem. Nonlinear regression was used to determine the immediately soluble fraction A, the potentially degradable fraction B, the undegraded fraction C, and the disappearance rate of DM and NDF. Dry matter fraction A increased linearly (P = 0.03), and DM and NDF fraction B decreased linearly (P = 0.01) with increasing alfalfa substitution. Rate of DM and NDF disappearance increased linearly (P /= 0.23) on total tract apparent digestibility of all nutrients except CP. Steers fed orchardgrass plus alfalfa had 33% greater (P = 0.01) total tract apparent digestibility for CP than those fed orchardgrass alone. Lag time of DM and NDF disappearance was not affected (P >/= 0.20) by alfalfa supplementation or intake level. Rate of DM and NDF disappearance of orchardgrass was faster (P 相似文献   

RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS: FRACTURE OF THE CAUDAL ASPECT OF THE GREATER TUBERCLE OF THE HUMERUS IN A HORSE     

Rebecca  Tudor  DVM  Michele  Crosier  DVM  Nancy E.  Love  DVM  Karl F.  Bowman  DVM  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(3):244-245

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Ozone-induced chemiluminescence of organic compounds     

Bowman RL  Alexander N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,154(3755):1454-1456

Chemiluminescence was observed when organic compounds in a dry state,as well as in organic solvents, were exposed to ozone in oxygen. The peak intensity of the light emission is related quantitatively to the amount of compound. Many compounds can be identified by this method, and some are listed. Sensitivity of detection approximates that of fluorescence methods and extends to less-than- nanogram quantities for some compounds. Ozoneinduced chemiluminescence of compounds in acetone solution was less sensitive than it was in the dry analysis.  相似文献   

Oyster ciliary inhibition by cystic fibrosis factor   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

B H Bowman  L H Lockhart  M L McCombs 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,164(877):325-326

Ciliary inhibition in oysters serves as an assay in identifying a serum factor in cystic fibrosis patients and heterozygotes. Seriums from 47 patients With cystic fibrosis antd 19 heterozygotes caused ciliary cessation within 35 minutes, whereas serums from only 2 of 64 individuals without cystic fibrosis inhibited ciliary activity within this time.  相似文献   

Effects of nitroscanate on adult Taenia pisiformis in dogs with experimentally induced infections.     

D D Bowman  D S Lin  R C Johnson  R C Lynn  D I Hepler  D G Stansfield 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(9):1542-1544

Twenty-four specific-pathogen-free Beagles were each given 50 cysticerci of Taenia pisiformis that had been harvested from experimentally infected rabbits. Quantitative fecal egg counts and fecal screening for recovery of passed segments were performed on postinoculation days 56 through 70. Twenty-three of 24 dogs fed cysticerci developed patent infections. The 23 dogs with patent infections were assigned to 1 of 2 groups and treated with nitroscanate or a placebo 60 days after inoculation. Egg counts in the treated dogs had markedly decreased by the second day after treatment, and by the sixth day after treatment, segments were not found in the feces of any of the treated animals. The control dogs continued to pass eggs and segments in their feces throughout the 9 days after treatment. The dogs were euthanatized and necropsied 70 days after being inoculated. At necropsy, the mean number of scolices recovered from control dogs was 24.6, the mean number of scolices recovered from treated dogs was 0.25. Worms recovered from the control dogs were intact, gravid cestodes. Efficacy of treatment with nitroscanate at a mean dosage of 56 mg/kg of body weight was 98.9%.  相似文献   

Medical Electronics     

Bowman RL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1963,141(3585):1069-1070

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The efficacy of selamectin in the treatment of naturally acquired aural infestations of otodectes cynotis on dogs and cats     

Shanks DJ  McTier TL  Rowan TG  Watson P  Thomas CA  Bowman DD  Hair JA  Pengo G  Genchi C  Smothers CD  Smith DG  Jernigan AD 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,91(3-4):283-290

The efficacy of a novel avermectin, selamectin, was evaluated against naturally acquired aural infestations of Otodectes cynotis on dogs and cats. In four controlled and masked studies conducted in the USA and Europe, animals were allocated randomly to treatment with either selamectin at a minimum dosage of 6mgkg(-1) (range, 6-12. 5mgkg(-1)) or the vehicle only from the commercial formulation of selamectin (negative control). Treatments were administered topically in a single spot to the skin of each animal's back at the base of the neck in front of the scapulae. Cats were treated on day 0 only, and dogs were treated either on day 0 only or on days 0 and 30. The ears of dogs were examined otoscopically on day 14 for the presence of viable mites. Mite counts were conducted on day 30 for animals that had received one dose and on day 60 for animals that had received two doses. Percentage reductions in geometric mean mite counts for selamectin treatment compared with the vehicle were 100% for all animals on all count days. Analysis of variance, confirmed by Savage Scores, showed that ln(mite count+1) values were significantly (P< or =0.0015) lower for selamectin than for the vehicle for all animals on all count days. Thus, selamectin administered topically at a minimum dosage of 6mgkg(-1) was safe and 100% effective against naturally acquired aural infestations of O. cynotis in dogs and cats after a single dose or after two doses administered 1 month apart.  相似文献   

Genetic evidence for paternal inheritance of the chloroplast in four Australian Callitris species (Cupressaceae)     

Shota Sakaguchi  Yoshihiko Tsumura  Michael D. Crisp  David M. J. S. Bowman  Yuji Isagi 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):244-248

The mode of chloroplast inheritance was investigated in the four Australian conifer species; Callitris columellaris, C. intratropica, C. gracilis and C. verrucosa (Callitroideae, Cupressaceae), as a basis for future use of chloroplast genetic markers for the genus. Open-pollinated seeds and the foliage tissue of the mother trees were collected from one population per species, in which two distinct chloroplast haplotypes at the trnL (UAA) 5′ exon–trnF (GAA) region were co-distributed. In total, the DNA sequences of the chloroplast fragments in 255 samples were determined, and the haplotypes of the germinated seedlings and the mother trees were compared. Among the 16 mother trees examined across all species, 12 trees were shown to have produced at least one offspring with a different haplotype from the mother, indicating the occurrence of paternal inheritance of chloroplast in the fertilization processes. In binomial GLMM analyses, the haplotype of mother trees in C. columellaris, C. gracilis, and C. verrucosa did not significantly affect those of their offspring, and the predicted frequency of seedlings’ haplotypes was compatible with the observed frequency in adult canopy trees. These findings provide a genetic support that paternal inheritance of chloroplast DNA via pollen dispersal would be dominant in the Callitris species.  相似文献