A Comparison of Surgical Training with Live Anesthetized Dogs and Cadavers     

LARRY G. CARPENTER DVM    DONALD L. PIERMATTEI DVM  PhD  Dipiomate ACVS    MOWAFAK D. SALMAN BVMS  PhD  Dipiomate ACVPM    E. CHRISTOPHER ORTON DVM  PhD  Dipiomate ACVS    A. WENDELL NELSON DVM  PhD  Dipiomate ACVS    DANIEL D. SMEAK DVM  Dipiomate ACVS    PAUL B. JENNINGS Jr.  VMD  MS  Dipiomate ACVS ROBERT A. TAYLOR DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1991,20(6):373-378

Cadavers were compared with live anesthetized dogs for their effectiveness as models for surgical training of veterinary medical students. One group of students was trained using cadavers, and a peer group was trained using live anesthetized dogs. Both groups then performed an intestinal anastomosis using a live subject. The time to completion of the procedure was recorded. The anastomoses and celiotomy closures were evaluated. Each anastomosis was isolated and pressure tested. Reviewers blindly scored each surgical team's performance based on actual inspection of the surgical site and on viewing videotapes of the procedure. The participants' attitudes toward the use of live animals in teaching and research were documented before and after training. No statistically significant differences could be detected between the two groups. The results suggest that some substitution of cadavers for live dogs in surgical training might be feasible.  相似文献   

Genetic Engineering Approaches to Pig Production*     

B. Brenig  G. Brem 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1991,26(1):14-21

Modern biotechnology promises a number of new applications in animal breeding and production. Although conventional pig breeding has achieved a high level of efficiency and productivity numerous problems have been encountered with animal health and the loss of meat quality. Selection based on phenotypic performance data of individual animals does not take into account the importance of specific genes and their relevance within a complex regulatory system. In most cases it is therefore difficult to trace back the genetic origins of clinically important disorders. The application of genetic engineering techniques in pig production will facilitate diagnosis, improvement of productivity, and animal health by allowing direct genetic manipulation. Attention must be focussed on the physical and genetic analysis of the procine genome. The isolation and characterisation of genes, DNA-markers, polymorphic DNA-fragments, and their chromosomal assignment will be important prerequisites and tools for the elucidation of genetic disorders. Especially the detection of heterozygous carriers of recessive disorders and their elimination from the breeding stock will increase selection accuracy and decrease the generation intervals. But also the rapid and simple detection of infectious diseases, which is sometimes difficult if not impossible at present, will improve animal health and welfare. Although the production of transgenic animals either by DNA-microinjection into zygotes or the use of embryonal stem cells manipulated in vitro is less straightforward than DNA-based diagnosis it will play an important role in the direct manipulation of the porcine genome and genes. Breeding programmes including the use of transgenic livestock have already been developed. There is no doubt that genetic engineering has reached a degree of practical feasibility, allowing it to play an important role in pig breeding in particular and animal production in general.  相似文献   

Superficial digital flexor tendon healing: ultrasonographic evaluation of therapies.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

V B Reef 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2001,17(1):159-78, vii-viii

Until recently, it was difficult to critically evaluate tendon healing in vivo. Superficial digital flexor tendon injuries were considered healed when the injured tendon was cold, non-painful, adequate time had passed for tendon healing to occur, and no recurrence of the injury was detected when the horse returned to athletic work. This article discusses how ultrasonography has revolutionized the diagnosis, treatment, and management of tendon injuries.  相似文献   

Effect of short-term calf removal at three stages of a follicular wave on fate of a dominant follicle in postpartum beef cows.     

B E Salfen  F N Kojima  J F Bader  M F Smith  H A Garverick 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(10):2688-2697

The hypothesis that ovulation in response to short-term (48 h) calf removal (CR) is dependent on the developmental stage of the dominant follicle was tested in two studies. The objective of Exp. 1 was to characterize the fate of a dominant follicle following 48-h CR on d 2, 4, or 8 of a postpartum follicular wave. Ovaries of 61 beef cows were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography starting at d 20 to 21 postpartum. Treatments were no CR (n = 14) and CR on d 2 (n = 12), 4 (n = 16), or 8 (n = 10) of first detected follicular wave. Percentage of cows that ovulated a dominant follicle following treatment was not different among groups (P = 0.62). Maximum size of dominant follicles was larger in cows that ovulated (P = 0.002) than in cows that did not ovulate. The objectives of Exp. 2 were 1) to determine whether a follicular wave could be synchronized in anestrous cows following injection of 1 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) and 200 mg of progesterone (P4; EB + P4); 2) to characterize the fate of dominant follicles following 48-h CR at three stages of a synchronized follicular wave; and 3) to determine whether estrous cycles of normal length followed ovulation in cows pretreated with EB + P4. Ovaries of 50 anestrous beef cows were examined daily as in Exp. 1. Treatments were sesame oil (SO) injected (i.m.) on d 25 postpartum and no CR (n = 9); EB + P4 and no CR (n = 9); EB + P4 and CR on 6 (n = 12), 8 (n = 9), or 12 (n = 11) d after injection. The EB and P4 injections were given on d 25 postpartum. Variability in day of emergence of subsequent follicular waves was lower in cows receiving EB + P4 than in SO-injected cows (P < 0.05). The percentage of cows that ovulated was not different (P = 0.16), but CR increased the percentage of cows that ovulated when groups that received EB + P4 were compared to the EB + P4 group that did not have CR (53.1 vs 11.1%, respectively; P < 0.05). Maximum diameter of dominant follicles was larger (P = 0.05) in ovulatory follicles. The luteal phase was longer (P < 0.03) in cows receiving EB + P4 injection (10.6 +/- 1.2 d) than in cows receiving SO (4.4 +/- 2.2 d). In summary, the maximum size of ovulatory follicles was greater than that of nonovulatory follicles, the ovulatory response of postpartum anestrous cows was maintained through d 8 of a follicular wave, synchronization of follicular waves was accomplished in postpartum cows using EB + P4, and the subsequent luteal phase length was increased in animals that were administered EB + P4.  相似文献   

EVALUATION OF PENTOBARBITONE SODIUM AS A GENERAL ANAESTHETIC IN CAMELS (Camelus dromedarius).     

R. Sharda  K. Singh  J. Singh  P.K. Peshin  D.B. Patil  R. Singh  A.P Singh 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1991,18(Z1):221-229

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Exposure of Ankole and crossbred cattle to theileriosis in Rwanda     

R. W. Paling  C. Mpangala  B. Luttikhuizen  G. Sibomana 《Tropical animal health and production》1991,23(4):203-214

Summary Susceptible Ankole (Sanga:Bos indicus/Bos taurus) and crossbred Ankole x Jersey (B. taurus) and Ankole x Sahiwal (B. indicus) cattle derived from a farm in Rwanda with no recent history of theileriosis, were infected withTheileria parva stocks from Rwanda either by feeding infectedRhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks on the ears, inoculation of tick derived stabilate or natural exposure to tick challenge. The Ankole cattle originated from local stock born and bred in East Coast fever (ECF) endemic areas of Rwanda. Disease, followed by spontaneous recovery, was observed in 49 of the 72 Ankole cattle after infection withT. parva (68%); the other 23 animals (32%) died of ECF. In contrast 21 of the 33 infected crossbred cattle (64%) died of ECF. It is concluded that the partialTheileria tolerance of the Ankole is, to a great extent, genetic. The basis of this partial tolerance seems to be their ability to limit the explosive multiplication of macroschizonts during the acute phase of the disease.

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Resumen Se infectó ganado Ankole susceptible (Sanga:Bos indicus/Bos taurus) y ganado cruzado Ankole x Jersey (Bos taurus) y Ankole x Sahiwal (Bos indicus) proveniente de una finca en Rwanda sin historia reciente de theileriosis, conTheileria parva procedente de Rwanda, mediante la adhesión en la oreja deRhipicephalus appendiculatus infectado, inoculación de estabilados derivados de garrapatas, o exposición natural a la enfermedad a través del vector. El ganado Ankole era originario de un área endémica de theileriosis en Rwanda. Se observó la enfermedad seguida de recuperación, en 49 de 72 animales Ankole infectados conT. parva (68%); los otros 23 animales murieron (32%). En contraste, 21 de los 33 animales cruzados infectados (64%), murieron. Se concluye, que la tolerancia parcial del ganado Ankole es de origen genético. Las bases de ésta tolerancia genética, parece debida a la habilidad para limitar en cierto modo la multiplicación explosiva de macroesquizontes, durante la fase aguda de la enfermedad.

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Résumé On a infecté du bétail sensible, de race Ankolé (Sanga:Bos indicus/Bos taurus) et des croisés Ankolé x Jersey (B. taurus) et Ankolé x Sahiwal (B. indicus), provenant d'une ferme au Rwanda sans cas récents de theilériose, avec des souches deTheileria parva du Rwanda, par l'application de tiques (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) infectées sur les oreilles, par inoculation de stabilat de tiques infectées ou par l'exposition à un challenge naturel de tiques. La souche d'Ankolé était originaire du cheptel local Rwandais, né et élevé dans les régions où la theilériose est endémique. La maladie suivie par la guérison spontanée fut observée dans 49 des 72 Ankolés (68%), les autres 23 animaux (32%) ont succombé à la theilériose. Par contre 21 des 33 croisées infectées (64%) ont succombé à la theilériose. Nous concluons que la tolérance partielle des Ankolés contre la theilériose, est génétique. La base de cette tolérance semble être leur capacité de limiter la multiplication explosive des macroschizonts pendant la phase aigu de la maladie.

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Advances in diagnostic ultrasonography   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

V B Reef 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》1991,7(2):451-466

A wide variety of ultrasonographic equipment currently is available for use in equine practice, but no one machine is optimal for every type of imaging. Image quality is the most important factor in equipment selection once the needs of the practitioner are ascertained. The transducer frequencies available, transducer footprints, depth of field displayed, frame rate, gray scale, simultaneous electrocardiography, Doppler, and functions to modify the image are all important considerations. The ability to make measurements off of videocassette recorder playback and future upgradability should be evaluated. Linear array and sector technology are the backbone of equine ultrasonography today. Linear array technology is most useful for a high-volume broodmare practice, whereas sector technology is ideal for a more general equine practice. The curved or convex linear scanner has more applications than the standard linear array and is equipped with the linear array rectal probe, which provides the equine practitioner with a more versatile unit for equine ultrasonographic evaluations. The annular array and phased array systems have improved image quality, but each has its own limitations. The new sector scanners still provide the most versatile affordable equipment for equine general practice.  相似文献   

Antibody directed against Marek's disease-associated tumor surface antigen can be eluted from Marek's disease tumor cells.     

H K Pradhan  G C Mohanty  W Y Lee  B Patnaik 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1991,29(3-4):229-238

Antibody directed against Marek's disease-associated tumor surface antigen (MATSA) was eluted from tumor cells of lymphomas and peripheral blood lymphocytes that were isolated from Marek's disease virus-infected chickens. Feather follicular Marek's disease virus (MDV) antigen could not be demonstrated with this antibody by indirect immunofluorescent (IF) staining. Monoclonal antibody directed against MATSA could completely block the activity of eluted antibody and vice versa. By indirect IF staining using eluted antibody and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled antichicken globulin conjugate. MATSA-bearing cells were detected in MDV infected and herpes virus of turkey (HVT) vaccinated birds. Blocking of immunoglobulin molecules present on B-cells by anti-chicken globulin is critical in this test.  相似文献   

Practice relevant rapid tests for milk progesterone in cattle compared with a laboratory-connected routine method     

A Sobiraj  K I Arnstadt  R Scheibner  B Lehmann 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1989,17(1):21-25

Four commercially available semiquantitative milk progesterone tests (Ovucheck-Praxistest: Cambridge Veterinary Science/Smith Kline), Progestassay-Milchprogesteron (Pitman-Moore/Janssen), Reprostrip-Progesteron-Schnelltest (Noctech/Albrecht), Enzygnost-Milchprogesteron (IQ, 'Bio' UK/Hoechst Veterin?r) were examined for their accuracy by using them for the determination of progesterone levels of 64 milk samples, i.e. 1556 single assays. Several test series were performed, using codified samples and changing sequences. Three or four test persons respectively, performed the tests independently and classified the samples semiquantitatively. These test results were then compared to the results acquired by measuring the progesterone levels of the same samples by means of an approved quantitative, labor-bound progesterone test (Hormonost: Biolab). These control tests were performed at a specialized routine labor, by different personnel and at a different location. Lastly, in 48 out of the 64 sampled animals the reproductive status could be evaluated clinically and was taken into account as well. Samples yielding high progesterone levels, i.e. greater than or equal to 9 ng/ml were classified correctly in 84.4 to 96.5% of the cases, whereas samples with low levels (less than or equal to 2.5 ng/ml) were classified correctly in 68.8 to 90.0% of the cases only. Samples ranging between this spectrum (greater than 2.5 less than 9 ng/ml) were classified correctly only in 42.1 to 52.6% of the cases. However, this range appears to be of the most interest for the veterinary practitioner since cows in proestrus or early interestrus tend to have mild progesterone levels within these values. On the other hand, clinical findings are often insufficient for a proper diagnosis just in these animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Recent advances in filtered-air positive-pressure (FAPP) housing for the production of disease-free chickens     

B W Mitchell  C W Beard  H W Yoder 《Avian diseases》1989,33(4):792-800

Design and performance information on a filtered-air positive-pressure (FAPP) housing system for disease-free poultry flocks is presented. The system includes many special features that result in excellent biological security, easy cleanup and maintenance, efficient control of environment, and a centralized alarm in the event of problems. The system has now housed eight flocks without any major problems. Based on its performance thus far, it should be useful as a reliable housing system for disease-free poultry.  相似文献